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The first human inhabitants of Nosy Be were small bands of [[Antankarana]] and [[Zafinofotsy]], before the [[Sakalava people]] migrated there and became the most numerous ethnic group on the island. These people were joined later by some [[Comoros|Comorians]], [[India]]ns or [[Antandroy]]. Nosy Be made first major appearance in Madagascar's history when [[Radama I|King Radama I]] announced that he intended to conquer the whole west of Madagascar. That plan was eventually achieved in 1837 when the Sakalava Kingdom of [[Boina Kingdom|Boina]] came into the possession of [[Ranavalona I]] upon the defeat of Queen [[Tsiomeko of Boina|Tsiomeko]]'s army.{{Citation needed|date=April 2022}}
The French colonized the island from 1840, founding an outpost named [[Andoany|Hell-Ville]] (from French [[Anne Chrétien Louis de Hell|Admiral de Hell]]).<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Sanchez SF|title=Commerce régional et à longue distance dans l'ouest de Madagascar au XIXème siècle|journal=Tsingy: Revue de l'association des professeurs d'histoire et de géographie de Madagascar |issue=9 |date=2008|page=44-56|url=https://www.academia.edu/5626088}}</ref> The 1848 [[End_of_slavery_in_France#Proclamation_of_the_Abolition_of_Slavery_in_the_French_Colonies|abolition of slavery in the French colonies]] resulted in a revolt against the French by the Sakalava people, who were extensively involved in the slave trade.<ref>« Sanchez S. F., Un mouvement antiabolitionniste et anticolonial : La révolte sakalava de 1849 dans le Nord-Ouest de Madagascar », in Ballarin M.-P., Derat M.-L., Médard H., Vernet T. (dir.), Traite et esclavage en Afrique Orientale et dans l'Océan Indien, Paris, Karthala, 2013, p.413-439</ref> In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the island was governed by the French as an internal protectorate within the colony of Madagascar. The outpost became an important trade harbor in the Mozambique channel.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sanchez |first1=Samuel |title=Complex Strands: Changing Textile Trades in Western Madagascar and the Mozambique Channel in the Nineteenth Century, Evidence from Nosy Be Island |url=https://www.academia.edu/42209149 |journal=Textile History |date=2 January 2017 |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=85–100 |doi=10.1080/00404969.2017.1294817|s2cid=165135935 }}</ref> During the nineteenth century, the French settlers developed cash crop agriculture (mainly sugar cane) and recruited indentured laborers from East Africa.<ref>[https://www.academia.edu/5736600/_De_l_engagisme_au_salariat_dans_le_Sud_Ouest_de_l_océan_Indien_La_colonie_de_plantation_de_Nosy_Be_Madagascar_1840_1960_co_écrit_avec_Faranirina_Rajaonah_Univ_Paris_Diderot_ Rajaonah F. & Sanchez S. F., "De l'engagisme au salariat dans le Sud-Ouest de l'océan Indien. La colonie de plantation de Nosy Be, Madagascar (
During the [[Russo-Japanese War]] Nosy Be became a supply station for Russia's Second Pacific Squadron. The main fleet led by Admiral [[Zinovy Rozhestvensky]] reached Nosy Be on January 9, 1905, where it met a smaller detachment led by Admiral [[Dmitry von Fölkersam]] that had arrived already on December 28, 1904.<ref>{{cite book |author=Pierre Van de Boogaerde |title=Shipwrecks of Madagascar |publisher=Strategic Book Publishing |year=2009 |page=243 |isbn=978-1-60693-494-4}}</ref> The fleet stayed for two months for refurbishing and coaling, leaving on March 17 to meet its fate ten weeks later at the [[Battle of Tsushima]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Alistair Horne |title=Hubris. The Tragedy of War in the Twentieth Century |publisher=HarperCollins |year=2015 |page=74ff |isbn=978-0-06-239780-5| author-link=Alistair Horne}}</ref>
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