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In 2004, the Institut Montaigne estimated that within Metropolitan France, 51 million people were white (85% of the population), 6 million were North African (10%), 2 million were black (3.5%), and 1 million were Asian (1.5%).<ref>[[Yazid Sabeg]] et Laurence Méhaignerie, [http://www.conventioncitoyenne.com/documents/oubliesdelegalite.pdf Les oubliés de l'égalité des chances], [[Institut Montaigne]], January 2004</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.economist.com/node/13377324 |title=France's ethnic minorities: To count or not to count |publisher=The Economist |date=26 March 2009 |accessdate=25 April 2013}}</ref>
A law originating from the 1789 revolution and reaffirmed in the 1958 [[French Constitution]] makes it illegal for the French state to collect data on ethnicity and ancestry, although some surveys, such as the TeO ("Trajectories and origins") poll conducted jointly by [[INED]] and [[INSEE]] in 2008, are allowed to do so.<ref>[http://teo_english.site.ined.fr/ "TRAJECTORIES AND ORIGINS" Survey on population diversity in France], Insee 2008</ref><ref name="Oppenheimer">{{cite journal |last=Oppenheimer |first=David B. |year=2008| title=Why France needs to collect data on racial identity...in a French way |journal=Hastings International and Comparative Law Review |volume=31 |issue=2 |pages=735–752 |url=http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1236362}}</ref> It was estimated that 5 million people were of [[Italian people|Italian]] ancestry (the most numerous immigrant community),
| title = Europe's Minority Politicians in Short Supply
| first = Keith B.
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