2023–24 Formula E World Championship

(Redirected from 2023–24 Formula E season)

The 2023–24 ABB FIA Formula E World Championship was the tenth season of the FIA Formula E championship, a motor racing championship for electrically powered vehicles recognized by motorsport's governing body, the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA), as the highest class of competition for electric open-wheel racing cars. Although the championship season is designated as 2023–2024, all races were held in 2024.[1]

Pascal Wehrlein (top) won his first World Drivers' Championship with Porsche, while Jaguar TCS Racing (bottom) won their first World Team's Championship and the inaugural Manufacturers' Cup.

Pascal Wehrlein, driving for the TAG Heuer Porsche Formula E Team, won his first World Drivers' Championship at the final race of the season, ahead of the Jaguar pair of Mitch Evans and Nick Cassidy. Jaguar TCS Racing took their first World Teams' Championship and also won the inaugural Manufacturer's Cup.

Teams and drivers

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All teams used the Formula E Gen3 car on Hankook tyres.

Team Powertrain No. Drivers Rounds
  Andretti Formula E[2] Porsche 99X Electric[3][a] 1   Jake Dennis[4] All
17   Norman Nato[5] All
  DS Penske[6] DS E-Tense FE23[7][b] 2   Stoffel Vandoorne[8] All
25   Jean-Éric Vergne[8] All
  ERT Formula E Team[9] ERT X24[10] 3   Sérgio Sette Câmara[11] All
33   Dan Ticktum[11] All
  Envision Racing[12] Jaguar I-Type 6 4   Robin Frijns[13] 1–8, 11–16
  Joel Eriksson[14] 9–10
16   Sébastien Buemi[15] 1–8, 11–16
  Paul Aron[14] 9–10
  NEOM McLaren Formula E Team[16] Nissan e-4ORCE 04 5   Jake Hughes[17] All
8   Sam Bird[18] 1–8, 11–16[c]
  Taylor Barnard[19] 8–10
  Maserati MSG Racing[20] Maserati Tipo Folgore[d] 7   Maximilian Günther[21] All
18   Jehan Daruvala[21] All
  Jaguar TCS Racing[22] Jaguar I-Type 6 9   Mitch Evans[23] All
37   Nick Cassidy[24] All
  ABT CUPRA Formula E Team[25] Mahindra M10Electro 11   Lucas di Grassi[26] All
51   Nico Müller[27] 1–8, 11–16
  Kelvin van der Linde[28] 9–10
  TAG Heuer Porsche Formula E Team[29] Porsche 99X Electric[30][a] 13   António Félix da Costa[31] All
94   Pascal Wehrlein[31] All
  Mahindra Racing[32] Mahindra M10Electro[33] 21   Nyck de Vries[34] 1–8, 11–16
  Jordan King[35] 9–10
48   Edoardo Mortara[34] All
  Nissan Formula E Team[36] Nissan e-4ORCE 04[30] 22   Oliver Rowland[37] All[e]
  Caio Collet[38] 13–14
23   Sacha Fenestraz[37] All

Team changes

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  • Nio left Formula E after the prior season's end and fully rebranded to ERT Formula E Team for 2024 after new investment.[9]

Driver changes

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  • After Frijns' contract with ABT Cupra was terminated, he returned to Envision Racing in the place of Jaguar-bound Cassidy.[13]
  • McLaren announced that René Rast had departed the team after spending a season with them.[17] Bird was announced as his replacement after he departed Jaguar.[18]

Mid-season

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McLaren driver Sam Bird sustained a hand injury in a crash during the opening practice session of the Monaco ePrix. He withdrew from the event and was replaced by McLaren reserve and development driver Taylor Barnard, who already drove for the team in the rookie practice session ahead of the Misano ePrix and became the youngest driver to start a race in Formula E.[44] Bird's injury means he was also forced to miss the Berlin E-Prix double-header, with Barnard continuing to deputize.[45] Bird returned from the Shanghai E-Prix onwards.[46]

Multiple drivers missed the Berlin ePrix double-header because of a calendar clash with the FIA World Endurance Championship's 6 Hours of Spa-Francorchamps. Both Envision Racing drivers prioritized their WEC commitments and were replaced by GT driver Joel Eriksson, whose last Formula E race was for Dragon / Penske in the 2020–21 season, and Hitech Pulse-Eight Formula 2 driver Paul Aron.[14] Mahindra Racing's Nyck de Vries also missed out on Berlin and had Mahindra reserve and development driver Jordan King take his place.[35] ABT CUPRA once again had their reserve driver Kelvin van der Linde replace Nico Müller for the Berlin round.[28]

Nissan driver Oliver Rowland fell ill ahead of the Portland ePrix. He was replaced by the team's reserve driver, Indy NXT competitor Caio Collet, who made his series debut.[47]

List of planned races

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The following ePrix formed a part of the 2023–24 Formula E World Championship:

Round E-Prix Country Circuit Date
1 Mexico City ePrix   Mexico Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez 13 January 2024
2 Diriyah ePrix   Saudi Arabia Riyadh Street Circuit 26 January 2024
3 27 January 2024
4 São Paulo ePrix   Brazil São Paulo Street Circuit 16 March 2024
5 Tokyo ePrix   Japan Tokyo Street Circuit 30 March 2024
6 Misano ePrix   Italy Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli 13 April 2024
7 14 April 2024
8 Monaco ePrix   Monaco Circuit de Monaco 27 April 2024
9 Berlin ePrix   Germany Tempelhof Airport Street Circuit 11 May 2024
10 12 May 2024
11 Shanghai ePrix   China Shanghai International Circuit 25 May 2024
12 26 May 2024
13 Portland ePrix   United States Portland International Raceway 29 June 2024
14 30 June 2024
15 London ePrix   United Kingdom ExCeL London 20 July 2024
16 21 July 2024
Source:[48]

Location changes

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ePrix locations

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Location of ePrix in 2023
( : ePrix - Single Race)
( : ePrix - Double Header)

Regulation changes

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The Manufacturers' Cup was introduced ahead of the São Paulo ePrix, with the championship standings backdated to the start of the season. The highest-placed two cars per powertrain manufacturer per race scored points towards that manufacturer's position in the standings, using the same points system as already implemented for the Drivers' and Teams' Championships.[52]

Season report

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Pre-season

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Pre-season testing took place at Valencia on 23–27 October 2023. Jaguar cars topped all three sessions, with Mitch Evans fastest in the first two and Nick Cassidy fastest in the final session. The traditional simulation race was topped by Envision's Robin Frijns. The test was heavily disrupted by a battery fire in the garage of battery supplier Williams Advanced Engineering, caused by a faulty battery. One and a half days of running were cancelled, and the Mahindra cars parked in the garage adjacent to the fire sustained heavy damage. Nyck de Vries' car was too damaged to participate in the rest of the test, with the team being compensated with an extra private test session ahead of the season opener in Mexico City.[53][54][55]

Opening rounds

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Porsche's Pascal Wehrlein took pole position for the season-opening Mexico City E-Prix ahead of Envision's Sébastien Buemi.[56] He kept his lead at the start of the race and quickly made an effort to take his two attack mode activations. After he had dropped behind Buemi for his second attack mode, the safety car was called for Frijns hitting the wall in turn 18. On the restart, Wehrlein regained the lead when Buemi took his second attack mode, while Jaguar's Nick Cassidy got into third when Maserati's Maximilian Günther did the same. Cassidy's teammate Mitch Evans, who ran fifth and lacked pace compared to the front group, acted as a roadblock, keeping a train of cars behind him. This meant the upper positions remained static for the rest of the race, with Wehrlein taking a controlled victory, albeit under investigation for a possible technical infringement.[57] This concerned the throttle maps used at the start, with concerns of a use of traction control, but Wehrlein was later cleared to keep his win.[58][59]

The Diriyah E-Prix double-header began with DS Penske's Jean-Éric Vergne on pole position.[60] ERT's Sérgio Sette Câmara made a strong start from fourth, but had no space to go and fell back behind Evans in second and Andretti's Jake Dennis in third. Vergne fell to second as he took his first attack mode, and he and Evans made contact when the latter then also activated his a lap later. This allowed Dennis to gain a place into second after the first round of attack modes. He continued this trend through the second round and came out in the lead ahead of Vergne. Evans in third tried to use his attack mode to regain lost ground. He took second, but then ran off into turn 18 multiple times, first when attempting to take the lead from Dennis, then when defending from Vergne and a third time on the final lap, which allowed Cassidy through into third.[61] By this time, Dennis' advantage stood at 13 seconds, and with Wehrlein coming eighth, Dennis' win now saw him only a single point behind the German in the standings.[62]

One day later, it was Nissan's Oliver Rowland who took pole position.[63] His lead was short-lived, however, as he got a bad start and was immediately passed by Frijns. Cassidy also overtook him when he took his first attack mode, with the Kiwi then closing up to Frijns and taking the lead when the later activated attack mode. Cassidy then built a gap to Frijns before coincidentally taking his first attack mode right when Frijns took his second. This then allowed him to take his second attack mode right after the first ended and stay in first place. From that point on, the second half of the race saw the order remain largely static, with Cassidy managing his gap to Frijns and Rowland and never coming under serious pressure before taking the win. Both championship leaders had difficult races, with Wehrlein starting in tenth and finishing seventh and Dennis starting 14th and finishing outside the points.[64] Cassidy's win allowed him to take the championship lead, 18 points ahead of Wehrlein.[65]

Next up was the São Paulo E-Prix, where Wehrlein was back on top in qualifying.[66] DS Penske's Stoffel Vandoorne started in second, but did not attack Wehrlein at the start before the energy-preserving peloton-style racing set in. This phase of the race, where leading was a disadvantage as it took more energy, saw the leading group trade first place as they took turns diving off the racing line to activate their attack modes. This group included Wehrlein, Vandoorne, Porsche's António Félix da Costa, Vergne, Evans and McLaren's Sam Bird. This phase was interrupted by championship leader Cassidy crashing into the wall after his damaged front wing was lodged under his car. Evans led at the restart, and with energy saving now no longer a priority, began defending from Bird while simultaneously managing a battery issue. On the final lap of the race, Bird made his move on Evans to take the lead and McLaren's first Formula E win.[67] With Rowland in third and Wehrlein fourth, Cassidy's points lead was reduced to only three points.[68]

The Tokyo E-Prix marked Formula E's debut event in Japan, and Rowland took pole position for Nissan's home race.[69] He was forced to defend from Mahindra's Edoardo Mortara, who had started third and got past Günther. Rowland kept the lead and was able to activate his first attack mode when Günther tried to regain second place from Mortara. With the Swiss then taking his first and Rowland his second attack mode, Günther was shuffled into the lead. This turned into second after his first attack mode, and ten laps from the end Günther managed to surprise Rowland with a lunge into turn ten and take the lead. He built a gap to be able to keep first place through his second attack mode. Mortara had dropped down to fifth by that point, and Rowland was unable to retake the lead despite laying heavy pressure on Günther.[70] Dennis took third on the final lap. Wehrlein and Cassidy both had rather anonymous races to come fifth and eighth, which meant the German now held the championship lead by two points.[71]

Misano marked the beginning of the season's European leg, and Evans took pole position for the first race.[72] The circuit proved to be the most energy-critical yet, with the peloton-style racing reaching new heights. First place changed hands almost every lap, with half the field leading at some stage of the race. This pack racing led to multiple contacts between drivers, forcing both championship leaders to pit for new front wings. Bird was once again among those who looked to have a chance to win before he had to retire after sustaining a rear-right puncture. Six laps from the end, da Costa was leading and began upping the pace, with Rowland following him. The pair traded top spot before da Costa secured the win, with Dennis third.[73] After the race, da Costa was disqualified for a minute technical infringement on his throttle damper springs.[74] Porsche protested, a process that would last until late June, when the FIA would reject the appeal.[75] With Wehrlein and Cassidy not scoring, Rowland took the lead of the standings.

Results and standings

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E-Prix

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Round E-Prix Pole position Fastest lap Winning driver Winning team Winning manufacturer Report
1   Mexico City   Pascal Wehrlein   Nick Cassidy   Pascal Wehrlein   TAG Heuer Porsche Formula E Team   Porsche Report
2   Diriyah   Jean-Éric Vergne   Jake Dennis   Jake Dennis   Andretti Formula E   Porsche Report
3   Oliver Rowland   Jake Dennis[f]   Nick Cassidy   Jaguar TCS Racing   Jaguar
4   São Paulo   Pascal Wehrlein   Nyck de Vries[g]   Sam Bird   NEOM McLaren Formula E Team   Nissan Report
5   Tokyo   Oliver Rowland   Sam Bird[h]   Maximilian Günther   Maserati MSG Racing   Stellantis Report
6   Misano   Mitch Evans   Oliver Rowland   Oliver Rowland   Nissan Formula E Team   Nissan Report
7   Jake Hughes   António Félix da Costa[i]   Pascal Wehrlein   TAG Heuer Porsche Formula E Team   Porsche
8   Monaco   Pascal Wehrlein   Jehan Daruvala[j]   Mitch Evans   Jaguar TCS Racing   Jaguar Report
9   Berlin   Edoardo Mortara   Norman Nato[k]   Nick Cassidy   Jaguar TCS Racing   Jaguar Report
10   Jake Dennis   Norman Nato[l]   António Félix da Costa   TAG Heuer Porsche Formula E Team   Porsche
11   Shanghai   Jean-Éric Vergne   Jake Dennis   Mitch Evans   Jaguar TCS Racing   Jaguar Report
12   Jake Hughes   Norman Nato   António Félix da Costa   TAG Heuer Porsche Formula E Team   Porsche
13   Portland   Mitch Evans   Jake Hughes[m]   António Félix da Costa   TAG Heuer Porsche Formula E Team   Porsche Report
14   Jean-Éric Vergne   Robin Frijns   António Félix da Costa   TAG Heuer Porsche Formula E Team   Porsche
15   London   Mitch Evans   Mitch Evans   Pascal Wehrlein   TAG Heuer Porsche Formula E Team   Porsche Report
16   Nick Cassidy   Jake Hughes   Oliver Rowland   Nissan Formula E Team   Nissan

Drivers' Championship

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Points were awarded using the following structure:

Position  1st   2nd   3rd   4th   5th   6th   7th   8th   9th   10th   Pole   FL 
Points 25 18 15 12 10 8 6 4 2 1 3 1
Pos. Driver MXC
 
DIR
 
SAP
 
TKO
 
MIS
 
MCO
 
BER
 
SHA
 
POR
 
LON
 
Pts
1   Pascal Wehrlein 1 8 7 4 5 16 1 5 5 4 2 20 10 4 1 2 198
2   Mitch Evans 5 5 10 2 15 5 NC 1 4 6 1 5 8 3 2 3 192
3   Nick Cassidy 3 3 1 Ret 8 Ret 3 2 1 2 3 4 19 13 7 Ret 176
4   Oliver Rowland 11 13 3 3 2 1 Ret 6 3 3 4 10 WD WD 15 1 156
5   Jean-Éric Vergne 6 2 8 7 12 6 7 4 2 10 6 7 3 5 17 5 139
6   António Félix da Costa Ret 16 14 6 4 DSQ 17 7 6 1 18 1 1 1 Ret 13 134
7   Jake Dennis 9 1 12 5 3 2 2 19 Ret 5 5 11 6 10 16 Ret 122
8   Maximilian Günther 4 7 9 9 1 3 12 9 Ret Ret 21 8 Ret 8 Ret Ret 73
9   Robin Frijns Ret 10 2 18 9 17 Ret 17 12 9 2 2 Ret 7 66
10   Stoffel Vandoorne 8 14 5 8 16 8 Ret 3 7 20 9 6 9 11 9 8 61
11   Sébastien Buemi 2 12 WD 10 13 12 Ret 15 8 12 20 9 3 4 53
12   Nico Müller 17 18 13 Ret 7 11 4 Ret 15 15 5 6 6 6 52
13   Sam Bird 14 4 Ret 1 NC Ret 10 WD 17 Ret 7 Ret 8 Ret 48
14   Jake Hughes 7 11 4 Ret 14 13 8 16 15 12 16 2 21 Ret Ret 10 48
15   Norman Nato 10 6 16 17 6 7 16 10 18 19 14 3 13 7 10 12 47
16   Edoardo Mortara 13 15 11 12 DSQ Ret 13 Ret 8 16 Ret 13 4 Ret 5 Ret 29
17   Sacha Fenestraz 12 Ret 6 11 11 9 5 8 9 Ret 11 14 15 18 14 15 26
18   Nyck de Vries 15 17 15 14 Ret 14 15 12 7 16 12 Ret 4 16 18
19   Dan Ticktum 18 21 Ret 16 18 4 14 13 14 17 20 21 17 15 13 14 12
20   Sérgio Sette Câmara DNS 9 18 DSQ 10 15 6 18 16 13 13 18 14 14 12 11 11
21   Jehan Daruvala 16 20 Ret 15 17 Ret 9 20 17 7 19 17 16 12 18 Ret 8
22   Taylor Barnard 14 10 8 5
23   Lucas di Grassi Ret 19 17 13 Ret 10 11 11 Ret 11 10 19 11 17 11 9 4
24   Joel Eriksson Ret 9 2
25   Kelvin van der Linde 11 15 0
26   Jordan King 12 18 0
27   Paul Aron 13 14 0
28   Caio Collet 18 16 0
Pos. Driver MXC
 
DIR
 
SAP
 
TKO
 
MIS
 
MCO
 
BER
 
SHA
 
POR
 
LON
 
Pts
Colour Result
Gold Winner
Silver Second place
Bronze Third place
Green Points finish
Blue Non-points finish
Non-classified finish (NC)
Purple Retired (Ret)
Red Did not qualify (DNQ)
Did not pre-qualify (DNPQ)
Black Disqualified (DSQ)
White Did not start (DNS)
Withdrew (WD)
Race cancelled (C)
Blank Did not practice (DNP)
Did not arrive (DNA)
Excluded (EX)

Bold – Pole

Italics – Fastest lap

Teams' Championship

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Pos. Team No. MXC
 
DIR
 
SAP
 
TKO
 
MIS
 
MCO
 
BER
 
SHA
 
POR
 
LON
 
Pts
1   Jaguar TCS Racing 9 5 5 10 2 15 5 NC 1 4 6 1 5 8 3 2 3 368
37 3 3 1 Ret 8 Ret 3 2 1 2 3 4 19 13 7 Ret
2   TAG Heuer Porsche Formula E Team 13 Ret 16 14 6 4 DSQ 19 7 6 1 18 1 1 1 Ret 13 332
94 1 8 7 4 5 16 1 5 5 4 2 20 10 4 1 2
3   DS Penske 2 8 14 5 8 16 8 Ret 3 7 20 9 6 9 11 9 8 200
25 6 2 8 7 12 6 7 4 2 10 6 7 3 5 17 5
4   Nissan Formula E Team 22 11 13 3 3 2 1 Ret 6 3 3 4 10 18 16 15 1 182
23 12 Ret 6 11 11 9 5 8 9 Ret 11 14 15 18 14 15
5   Andretti Formula E 1 9 1 12 5 3 2 2 20 Ret 5 5 11 6 10 16 Ret 169
17 10 6 16 17 6 7 18 10 18 19 14 3 13 7 10 12
6   Envision Racing 4 Ret 10 2 18 9 17 Ret 17 Ret 9 12 9 2 2 Ret 7 121
16 2 12 WD 10 13 12 Ret 15 13 14 8 12 20 9 3 4
7   NEOM McLaren Formula E Team 5 7 11 4 Ret 14 13 8 16 15 12 16 2 21 Ret Ret 10 101
8 14 4 Ret 1 NC Ret 10 14 10 8 17 Ret 7 Ret 8 Ret
8   Maserati MSG Racing 7 4 7 9 9 1 3 12 9 Ret Ret 21 8 Ret 8 Ret Ret 81
18 16 20 Ret 15 17 Ret 9 18 17 7 19 17 16 12 18 Ret
9   ABT CUPRA Formula E Team 11 Ret 19 17 13 Ret 10 12 11 Ret 11 10 19 11 17 11 9 56
51 17 18 13 Ret 7 11 4 Ret 11 15 15 15 5 6 6 6
10   Mahindra Racing 21 15 17 15 14 Ret 14 15 12 12 18 7 16 12 Ret 4 16 47
48 13 15 11 12 DSQ Ret 13 Ret 8 16 Ret 13 4 Ret 5 Ret
11   ERT Formula E Team 3 DNS 9 18 DSQ 10 15 6 19 16 13 13 18 14 14 12 11 23
33 18 21 Ret 16 18 4 14 13 14 17 20 21 17 15 13 14
Pos. Team No. MXC
 
DIR
 
SAP
 
TKO
 
MIS
 
MCO
 
BER
 
SHA
 
POR
 
LON
 
Pts

Manufacturers' Trophy

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The highest-placed two cars per powertrain manufacturer per race scored points towards that manufacturer's position in the standings.

Pos. Manufacturer MXC
 
DIR
 
SAP
 
TOK
 
MIS
 
MCO
 
BER
 
SHA
 
POR
 
LON
 
Pts
1   Jaguar 2 3 1 2 8 5 3 1 1 2 1 4 2 2 2 3 455
3 5 2 10 9 12 Ret 2 4 6 3 5 8 3 3 4
2   Porsche 1 1 7 4 3 2 1 5 5 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 451
9 6 12 5 4 7 2 7 6 4 5 3 6 4 10 12
3   Nissan 7 4 3 1 2 1 5 6 3 3 4 2 7 16 8 1 273
11 11 4 3 11 9 8 8 9 8 11 20 15 18 14 10
4   Stellantis[n] 4 2 5 7 1 3 7 3 2 7 6 6 3 5 9 5 263
6 7 8 8 12 6 9 4 7 10 9 7 9 8 17 8
5   Mahindra 13 15 11 12 7 10 4 11 8 11 7 13 4 6 4 6 95
15 17 13 13 Ret 11 11 12 11 15 10 15 5 17 5 9
6   Electric Racing Technologies 18 9 17 16 10 4 6 13 14 13 13 18 14 14 12 11 23
DNS 21 Ret 17 18 15 14 18 16 17 20 21 17 15 13 14
Pos. Manufacturer MXC
 
DIR
 
SAP
 
TOK
 
MIS
 
MCO
 
BER
 
SHA
 
POR
 
LON
 
Pts

Notes

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  1. ^ a b The 99X Electric branding has been used for every Formula E powertrain developed by Porsche ever since their debut season. This is the fifth powertrain.
  2. ^ Contributes points towards Stellantis' total in the Manufacturers' Trophy, alongside the Maserati Tipo Folgore.
  3. ^ Bird was initially entered for the 2024 Monaco ePrix, but withdrew due to a hand injury sustained in free practice.[19]
  4. ^ The Maserati powertrain is a rebadged DS E-Tense FE23, contributing points towards Stellantis' total in the Manufacturers' Trophy.
  5. ^ Rowland was initially entered for the 2024 Portland ePrix, but withdrew due to falling ill ahead of the event.
  6. ^ Jake Dennis set the fastest lap, but did not finish in the top 10, so was ineligible to be the point-scorer for the fastest lap. Nick Cassidy was the point-scorer instead for setting the fastest lap of those finishing in the top 10.
  7. ^ Nyck de Vries set the fastest lap, but did not finish in the top 10, so was ineligible to be the point-scorer for the fastest lap. Sébastien Buemi was the point-scorer instead for setting the fastest lap of those finishing in the top 10.
  8. ^ Sam Bird set the fastest lap, but did not finish in the top 10, so was ineligible to be the point-scorer for the fastest lap. Maximilian Günther was the point-scorer instead for setting the fastest lap of those finishing in the top 10.
  9. ^ António Félix da Costa set the fastest lap, but did not finish in the top 10, so was ineligible to be the point-scorer for the fastest lap. Pascal Wehrlein was the point-scorer instead for setting the fastest lap of those finishing in the top 10.
  10. ^ Jehan Daruvala set the fastest lap, but did not finish in the top 10, so was ineligible to be the point-scorer for the fastest lap. Nick Cassidy was the point-scorer instead for setting the fastest lap of those finishing in the top 10.
  11. ^ Norman Nato set the fastest lap, but did not finish in the top 10, so was ineligible to be the point-scorer for the fastest lap. Nick Cassidy was the point-scorer instead for setting the fastest lap of those finishing in the top 10.
  12. ^ Norman Nato set the fastest lap, but did not finish in the top 10, so was ineligible to be the point-scorer for the fastest lap. Nick Cassidy was the point-scorer instead for setting the fastest lap of those finishing in the top 10.
  13. ^ Jake Hughes set the fastest lap, but did not finish in the top 10, so was ineligible to be the point-scorer for the fastest lap. Mitch Evans was the point-scorer instead for setting the fastest lap of those finishing in the top 10.
  14. ^ Includes points scored by the DS E-Tense FE23 and the Maserati Tipo Folgore, which are rebadged variants of the same powertrain.

References

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