判

See also: 刊

判	U+5224, 判 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5224

← 刣
[U+5223]

CJK Unified Ideographs

別 →
[U+5225]

Translingual

Traditional	判
Simplified	判
Japanese	判
Korean	判

Han character

判 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 火手中弓 (FQLN), four-corner 9250₀, composition ⿰半刂)

Derived characters

𱜩, 𬇯, 𫆠, 𨧘, 鵥

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 138, character 11
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1923
Dae Jaweon: page 311, character 12
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 331, character 5
Unihan data for U+5224

Chinese

simp. and trad.		判

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (半) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
半	*paːns
絆	*paːns
靽	*paːns
姅	paːns, pʰaːns
拌	pʰaːn, baːnʔ
拚	pʰaːn, brons, pʰaːn, puns
坢	*pʰaːnʔ
判	*pʰaːns
泮	*pʰaːns
頖	*pʰaːns
胖	*pʰaːns
冸	*pʰaːns
牉	*pʰaːns
柈	*baːn
伴	baːnʔ, baːns
叛	*baːns
畔	*baːns
袢	*ban

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰaːns) : phonetic 半 (OC *paːns, “half (cow)”) + semantic 刂 (“knife”) – to cut fine distinctions 刀 (to judge, to discriminate). Phonetic (半) is also a cow cut in half, hence “divide a cow”.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): pàn (pan⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄆㄢˋ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): pan⁴
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): pun³

(Taishan, Wiktionary): pon¹
Gan (Wiktionary): pon³ / pong³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): phan

(Meixian, Guangdong): pan⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): pan³
Northern Min (KCR): pu̿ing
Eastern Min (BUC): puáng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): phoàn / phàn / phòaⁿ

(Teochew, Peng'im): puang³ / puêng³ / puan³
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵phoe
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ponn⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: pàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄆㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: pàn
  - Wade–Giles: pʻan⁴
  - Yale: pàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pann
  - Palladius: пань (panʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰän⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: pan⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: pan
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰan²¹³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: pun³
  - Yale: pun
  - Cantonese Pinyin: pun³
  - Guangdong Romanization: pun³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰuːn³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: pon¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰᵘɔn³³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: pon³ / pong³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɵn²¹³/, /pʰɔŋ²¹³/

Note: pong3 - used in 判官.

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phan
  - Hakka Romanization System: pan
  - Hagfa Pinyim: pan⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /pʰan⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: pan⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /pʰan⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: pan³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /pʰxæ̃⁴⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: pu̿ing
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰuiŋ³³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: puáng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰuɑŋ²¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phoàn
  - Tâi-lô: phuàn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: phoaxn
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /pʰuan⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /pʰuan²¹/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phàn
  - Tâi-lô: phàn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: phaxn
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰan²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /pʰan¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phòaⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: phuànn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: phvoax
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /pʰuã⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /pʰuã¹¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /pʰuã²¹/

Note:

phoàn/phàn - literary;
phòaⁿ - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: puang³ / puêng³ / puan³
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phuàng / phuèng / phuàⁿ
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰuaŋ²¹³/, /pʰueŋ²¹³/, /pʰũã²¹³/

Note:

puang3/puêng3 - literary (puêng3 - Chaozhou);
puan3 - vernacular.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵phoe
  - MiniDict: phoe^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²phoe
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /pʰø³⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: ponn⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰõ⁴⁵/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 判
Mandarin	Beijing	/pʰan⁵¹/
	Harbin	/pʰan⁵³/
	Tianjin	/pʰan⁵³/
	Jinan	/pʰã²¹/
	Qingdao	/pʰã⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/pʰan³¹²/
	Xi'an	/pʰã⁴⁴/
	Xining	/pʰã²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/pʰan¹³/
	Lanzhou	/pʰɛ̃n¹³/
	Ürümqi	/pʰan²¹³/
	Wuhan	/pʰan³⁵/
	Chengdu	/pʰan¹³/
	Guiyang	/pʰan²¹³/
	Kunming	/pʰã̠²¹²/
	Nanjing	/pʰaŋ⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/pʰʊ̃⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/pʰæ̃⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/pʰɑŋ³⁵/
	Hohhot	/pʰæ̃⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/pʰø³⁵/
	Suzhou	/pʰø⁵¹³/
	Hangzhou	/pʰuõ⁴⁴⁵/
	Wenzhou	/pʰø⁴²/
Hui	Shexian	/pʰo³²⁴/
Hui	Tunxi	/pʰuːə⁴²/
Xiang	Changsha	/pʰõ⁵⁵/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/pʰɔn⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/pʰɵn²¹³/ /pʰɔŋ²¹³/ ～官
Hakka	Meixian	/pʰan⁵³/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/pʰɑn⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/pʰun³³/
	Nanning	/pʰun³³/
	Hong Kong	/pʰun³³/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/pʰan²¹/ /pʰuã²¹/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/pʰuɑŋ²¹²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/puiŋ³³/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/pʰuaŋ²¹³/ /pʰuã²¹³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/fuaŋ³⁵/

Middle Chinese: phanH

Rime
Character	判
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	滂 (2)
Final (韻)	桓 (62)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	普半切
Baxter	phanH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʰuɑn^H/
Pan Wuyun	/pʰʷɑn^H/
Shao Rongfen	/pʰuɑn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pʰwan^H/
Li Rong	/pʰuɑn^H/
Wang Li	/pʰuɑn^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/pʰuɑn^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	pàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	pun³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*pʰˤan-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*pʰaːns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	判
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	pàn
Middle Chinese	‹ phan^H ›
Old Chinese	/*pʰˁan-s/
English	divide
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	判
Reading #	1/1
No.	250
Phonetic component	半
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	判
Old Chinese	/*pʰaːns/

Definitions

判

Compounds

Japanese

Shinjitai	判
Kyūjitai ^[1]	判󠄁 判+`󠄁`^? (Adobe-Japan1)
	判󠄄 判+`󠄄`^? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

判

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

judgement
seal, stamp

Readings

Go-on: はん (han, Jōyō)
Kan-on: はん (han, Jōyō)
Kan’yō-on: ばん (ban, Jōyō)
Kun: わかる (wakaru, 判る); わかれる (wakareru); わかつ (wakatsu)

Compounds

判(はん)然(ぜん) (hanzen): clearness

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
判
はん Grade: 5
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 判 (phan^H).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) はん [háꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key): [hã̠ɴ]

Noun

判(はん) • (han)

stamp, seal
judgement

Suffix

判(はん) • (-han)

size of paper or books

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
判
ばん Grade: 5
kan'yōon

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ばん [báꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[3]
IPA^(key): [bã̠ɴ]

Suffix

判(ばん) • (-ban)

size of paper or books

References

^ “判”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

判 (eum 판 (pan))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

判: Hán Nôm readings: phán

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[1] “判”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024

[DJR-2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-3] 3.0 ^3.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[1]