息
|
Translingual
editStroke order | |||
---|---|---|---|
Han character
edit息 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹山心 (HUP), four-corner 26330, composition ⿱自心)
Derived characters
editReferences
edit- Kangxi Dictionary: page 385, character 20
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10601
- Dae Jaweon: page 717, character 10
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2291, character 4
- Unihan data for U+606F
Bailang
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Sino-Tibetan *siŋ ~ sik (“tree, wood”). Compare Burmese သစ် (sac, “wood, timber”).
Noun
edit息 (*sik)
References
edit- Hill, Nathan W. (2017) “Songs of the Bailang: A New Transcription with Etymological Commentary”, in Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient[1], volume 103, pages 386—429
Chinese
editGlyph origin
editIdeogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 自 (“nose”) + 心 (“heart”) – to breathe (life) through one’s nose. Note that 自 originally meant “nose” and was later borrowed for “self”.
Etymology 1
editFrom Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-sak (“breath; life; to breathe”). Cognate with Jingpho sa' (“to breathe”), Burmese အသက် (a.sak).
This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Pronunciation
editsimp. and trad. |
息 |
---|
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xi2
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): xit6
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): xieh4
- Northern Min (KCR): sĭ
- Eastern Min (BUC): sék
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 7shiq
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): si6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧ
- Tongyong Pinyin: si
- Wade–Giles: hsi1
- Yale: syī
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shi
- Palladius: си (si)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: sí
- Wade–Giles: hsi2
- Yale: syí
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyi
- Palladius: си (si)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: xi2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xi
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi²¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: sik1
- Yale: sīk
- Cantonese Pinyin: sik7
- Guangdong Romanization: xig1
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɪk̚⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: lhet2
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬet̚⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: xit6
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕit̚⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sit
- Hakka Romanization System: xidˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: xid5
- Sinological IPA: /sit̚²/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: xieh4
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕiəʔ²/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sĭ
- Sinological IPA (key): /si²⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sék
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɛiʔ²⁴/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taiwan:
- sek/siak - literary;
- sit - vernacular.
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 息 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /ɕi⁵⁵/ |
Harbin | /ɕi²¹³/ | |
Tianjin | /ɕi²¹/ /ɕi⁵³/ | |
Jinan | /ɕi²¹³/ | |
Qingdao | /si⁵⁵/ | |
Zhengzhou | /si²⁴/ | |
Xi'an | /ɕi²¹/ | |
Xining | /ɕji⁴⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /ɕi¹³/ | |
Lanzhou | /ɕi¹³/ | |
Ürümqi | /ɕi²¹³/ | |
Wuhan | /ɕi²¹³/ | |
Chengdu | /ɕi³¹/ | |
Guiyang | /ɕi²¹/ | |
Kunming | /ɕi³¹/ | |
Nanjing | /siʔ⁵/ | |
Hefei | /ɕiəʔ⁵/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /ɕiəʔ²/ |
Pingyao | /ɕiʌʔ¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /ɕiəʔ⁴³/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /ɕiɪʔ⁵/ |
Suzhou | /siəʔ⁵/ | |
Hangzhou | /ɕiəʔ⁵/ | |
Wenzhou | /sei²¹³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /siʔ²¹/ |
Tunxi | /si⁵/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /si²⁴/ |
Xiangtan | /si²⁴/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /ɕiʔ⁵/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /sit̚¹/ |
Taoyuan | /sit̚²²/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /sek̚⁵/ |
Nanning | /ɬek̚⁵⁵/ | |
Hong Kong | /sik̚⁵/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /sik̚³²/ /sit̚³²/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /sɛiʔ²³/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /si²⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /sek̚²/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /tek̚⁵/ 利~ |
- Middle Chinese: sik
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*sək/
- (Zhengzhang): /*slɯɡ/
Definitions
edit息
- to breathe; to pant
- to sigh; to blow
- to stop; to subside; to cease
- to put a stop to; to stop
- to rest; to have a rest
- to grow; to develop
- to calm down; to appease
- breath; life
- one's own children
- interest; dividends
- message; news
Compounds
edit- 一息 (yīxī)
- 一息奄奄
- 一息尚存 (yīxīshàngcún)
- 不息 (bùxī)
- 人亡政息 (rénwángzhèngxī)
- 仰人鼻息
- 仰天太息
- 仰息
- 休息
- 休息室
- 休養生息/休养生息 (xiūyǎngshēngxī)
- 作息 (zuòxī)
- 保境息民
- 保息 (bǎoxī)
- 信息 (xìnxī)
- 偃兵息甲
- 停息 (tíngxī)
- 假息
- 偃旗息鼓 (yǎnqíxīgǔ)
- 兒息/儿息
- 內幕消息/内幕消息
- 冢息
- 出息
- 利息 (lìxī)
- 利息支出
- 利息收入
- 利息費用/利息费用
- 加息 (jiāxī)
- 動息/动息
- 半價倍息/半价倍息
- 卷旗息鼓
- 含息
- 和息 (héxī)
- 咳聲嘆息/咳声叹息
- 哱息
- 喙息
- 喘息 (chuǎnxī)
- 嗣息
- 嘆息/叹息 (tànxī)
- 壓子息/压子息
- 大腸息肉/大肠息肉
- 太息 (tàixī)
- 奄奄一息
- 奄息
- 奔流不息
- 好消息
- 姑息 (gūxī)
- 姑息政策
- 姑息養奸
- 娩息
- 子息 (zǐxī)
- 孳息 (zīxī)
- 安息 (ānxī)
- 安息年
- 安息日 (ānxīrì)
- 安息香 (ānxīxiāng)
- 安息香樹/安息香树
- 官宦氣息/官宦气息
- 官息
- 宴息
- 寢息/寝息 (qǐnxī)
- 寧息/宁息
- 將息/将息
- 導引胎息/导引胎息
- 小道消息 (xiǎodào xiāoxī)
- 少息 (shǎoxī)
- 居息
- 屏息 (bǐngxī)
- 屏息凝氣/屏息凝气
- 屏息凝視/屏息凝视
- 屏氣攝息/屏气摄息
- 屏氣斂息/屏气敛息
- 屏聲息氣/屏声息气
- 川流不息 (chuānliúbùxī)
- 帖息
- 平息 (píngxī)
- 年息 (niánxī)
- 庥息
- 弱息
- 循環不息/循环不息 (xúnhuánbùxī)
- 微息
- 怠息
- 息事寧人/息事宁人 (xīshìníngrén)
- 息交
- 息交絕游/息交绝游
- 息偃
- 息兵 (xībīng)
- 息哀
- 息喘
- 息土
- 息壤
- 息夫人
- 息女 (xīnǚ)
- 息媯/息妫
- 息影 (xīyǐng)
- 息影園林/息影园林
- 息影林泉
- 息徒
- 息心
- 息心靜氣/息心静气
- 息怒 (xīnù)
- 息息
- 息息相通
- 息息相關/息息相关 (xīxīxiāngguān)
- 息款
- 息氣/息气
- 息滅/息灭
- 息燈/息灯
- 息爭/息争
- 息男 (xīnán)
- 息穀/息谷
- 息耗
- 息肉 (xīròu)
- 息肩
- 息胞
- 息訟/息讼
- 息詞/息词
- 息賁/息贲
- 息錢/息钱
- 息陰/息阴
- 息靜/息静
- 息饗/息飨
- 息黥補劓/息黥补劓
- 悚息
- 惕息
- 慴息/慑息
- 憩息 (qìxī)
- 懾息/慑息 (shèxī)
- 打息氣/打息气
- 拆息 (chāixī)
- 掩旗息鼓
- 探消息
- 搖頭嘆息/摇头叹息
- 擫息/𢬍息
- 數息/数息
- 春消息
- 普通利息
- 月息 (yuèxī)
- 有出息 (yǒu chūxi)
- 本息 (běnxī)
- 杳無信息/杳无信息
- 杳無消息/杳无消息
- 栖息 (qīxī)
- 棲息/栖息 (qīxī)
- 棲息地/栖息地 (qīxīdì)
- 構訟不息/构讼不息
- 歇息 (xiēxi)
- 歎息/叹息 (tànxī)
- 止息 (zhǐxī)
- 毫無聲息/毫无声息
- 氣息/气息 (qìxī)
- 氣息奄奄/气息奄奄 (qìxīyānyān)
- 沒出息/没出息 (méi chūxi)
- 流光瞬息
- 派息 (pàixī)
- 消息
- 消息兒/消息儿
- 浮生瞬息
- 淹淹一息
- 渺無聲息/渺无声息
- 無息貸款/无息贷款
- 無聲無息/无声无息 (wúshēngwúxī)
- 生息 (shēngxī)
- 生息蕃庶
- 生生不息 (shēngshēngbùxī)
- 發息/发息
- 瞬息 (shùnxī)
- 瞬息之間/瞬息之间
- 瞬息千變/瞬息千变
- 瞬息萬變/瞬息万变 (shùnxīwànbiàn)
- 視息/视息
- 禽息鳥視/禽息鸟视
- 稍息
- 窒息 (zhìxī)
- 經久不息/经久不息 (jīngjiǔbùxī)
- 綿綿不息/绵绵不息
- 耳消耳息
- 聲息/声息 (shēngxī)
- 股息 (gǔxī)
- 股息股利
- 胎息
- 脅息/胁息
- 脈息/脉息 (màixī)
- 臥旗息鼓/卧旗息鼓
- 自強不息/自强不息 (zìqiángbùxī)
- 與時消息/与时消息
- 與民休息/与民休息
- 花息
- 苟延殘息/苟延残息
- 蕃息 (fánxī)
- 蘇息/苏息
- 蚡息
- 行息
- 解訟息爭/解讼息争
- 訊息/讯息 (xùnxī)
- 調息/调息
- 調養生息/调养生息
- 貼息/贴息 (tiēxī)
- 賤息/贱息
- 走漏消息
- 跂行喙息
- 退息
- 透消息
- 間不容息/间不容息
- 除息
- 雀息
- 頓息/顿息 (dùnxī)
- 風平波息/风平波息
- 風息/风息
- 養息/养息
- 馬路消息/马路消息
- 鼻息 (bíxī)
Etymology 2
editsimp. and trad. |
息 | |
---|---|---|
alternative forms | 塞 Cantonese; Hakka 蝨/虱 Hakka |
Pronunciation
edit- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: sak1
- Yale: sāk
- Cantonese Pinyin: sak7
- Guangdong Romanization: seg1
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɐk̚⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: set
- Hakka Romanization System: sedˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: sed5
- Sinological IPA: /set̚²/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Southern Min
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 息 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | |
Harbin | ||
Tianjin | ||
Jinan | ||
Qingdao | ||
Zhengzhou | ||
Xi'an | ||
Xining | ||
Yinchuan | ||
Lanzhou | ||
Ürümqi | ||
Wuhan | ||
Chengdu | ||
Guiyang | ||
Kunming | ||
Nanjing | ||
Hefei | ||
Jin | Taiyuan | |
Pingyao | ||
Hohhot | ||
Wu | Shanghai | |
Suzhou | ||
Hangzhou | ||
Wenzhou | ||
Hui | Shexian | |
Tunxi | ||
Xiang | Changsha | |
Xiangtan | ||
Gan | Nanchang | |
Hakka | Meixian | /set̚¹/ |
Taoyuan | ||
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /sɐk̚⁵/ |
Nanning | /ɬɐk̚⁵⁵/ | |
Hong Kong | /sɐk̚⁵/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | ||
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | ||
Shantou (Teochew) | ||
Haikou (Hainanese) | /tit̚⁵/ 曾孫 |
Definitions
edit息
- (Cantonese, Hakka, Hainanese, Leizhou Min, Zhongshan Min) great-grandchild (Classifier: 個/个 c)
Synonyms
editEtymology 3
editFor pronunciation and definitions of 息 – see 熄 (“to extinguish; to go out; to turn off; to switch off”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 熄). |
Notes:
|
Japanese
editKanji
editReadings
edit- Go-on: そく (soku, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: しょく (shoku)←しよく (syoku, historical)
- Kun: いき (iki, 息, Jōyō); やすむ (yasumu, 息む); やめる (yameru)
- Nanori: やす (yasu)
Compounds
editEtymology 1
editKanji in this term |
---|
息 |
いき Grade: 3 |
kun'yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 息 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 息, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 2
editKanji in this term |
---|
息 |
むすこ Grade: 3 |
irregular |
For pronunciation and definitions of 息 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 息, is an alternative spelling (rare) of the above term.) |
Korean
editEtymology
editFrom Middle Chinese 息 (MC sik). Recorded as Middle Korean 식〮 (sík) (Yale: sik) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
editCompounds
editReferences
edit- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
Okinawan
editKanji
editReadings
editEtymology
editCognate with Japanese 息 (iki).
Noun
edit息 (īchi)
Derived terms
edit- 一息 (chuīchi, “a single breath, puff; a pause; a small effort”)
Vietnamese
editHan character
edit- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
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- Advanced Mandarin
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- zh:Air
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- Japanese kanji
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- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading しょく
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading しよく
- Japanese kanji with kun reading いき
- Japanese kanji with kun reading やす・む
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- ryu:Air
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters