旗

See also: 旂

旗	U+65D7, 旗 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-65D7

← 旖
[U+65D6]

CJK Unified Ideographs

旘 →
[U+65D8]

Translingual

Han character

旗 (Kangxi radical 70, 方+10, 14 strokes, cangjie input 卜尸人廿金 (YSOTC), four-corner 0828₁, composition ⿸𭤨其)

Derived characters

𪇥, 𪰃, 籏, 𫰁

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 484, character 28
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13687
Dae Jaweon: page 846, character 27
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2183, character 13
Unihan data for U+65D7

Chinese

simp. and trad.		旗
alternative forms		旂

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 旗
Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Qin slip script	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (其) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
基	*kɯ
箕	*kɯ
朞	*kɯ
稘	*kɯ
萁	kɯ, ɡɯ
期	kɯ, ɡɯ
諅	kɯ, ɡɯs
其	kɯ, ɡɯ
錤	kɯ, ɡɯ
諆	kɯ, kʰɯ
欺	*kʰɯ
娸	*kʰɯ
魌	*kʰɯ
僛	*kʰɯ
唭	*kʰɯs
棋	*ɡɯ
旗	*ɡɯ
淇	*ɡɯ
祺	ɡɯ, ɡɯ
琪	*ɡɯ
騏	*ɡɯ
綦	*ɡɯ
麒	*ɡɯ
蜞	*ɡɯ
綨	*ɡɯ
蜝	*ɡɯ
棊	*ɡɯ
碁	*ɡɯ
鯕	*ɡɯ
踑	*ɡɯ
藄	*ɡɯ
櫀	*ɡɯ
璂	*ɡɯ
禥	*ɡɯ
惎	*ɡɯs
帺	*ɡɯs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯ) : semantic 㫃 (“flag”) + phonetic 其 (OC *kɯ, *ɡɯ).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): qí (qi²)

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): qi²
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): kei⁴

(Taishan, Wiktionary): kei³
Gan (Wiktionary): qi²
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): khì

(Meixian, Guangdong): ki²
Jin (Wiktionary): qi¹
Northern Min (KCR): gǐ
Eastern Min (BUC): gì
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kî

(Teochew, Peng'im): gi⁵

(Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): gi⁵
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶ji
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ji²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qí
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cí
  - Wade–Giles: chʻi²
  - Yale: chí
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyi
  - Palladius: ци (ci)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: qi²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ki
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: kei⁴
  - Yale: kèih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kei⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: kéi⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰei̯²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: kei³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰei²²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: qi²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi²⁴/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khì
  - Hakka Romanization System: ki^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ki²
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰi¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: ki²
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰi¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: qi¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕʰi¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gǐ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ki²¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gì
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ki⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kî
  - Tâi-lô: kî
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kii
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ki¹³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ki²³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei): /ki²⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gi⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kî
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ki⁵⁵/
- (Leizhou)
  - Leizhou Pinyin: gi⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /ki²²/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶ji
  - MiniDict: ji^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³jji
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /d͡ʑi²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: ji²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi¹³/

Middle Chinese: gi

Rime
Character	旗
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	渠之切
Baxter	gi
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡɨ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡɨ/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡie/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gɨ/
Li Rong	/ɡiə/
Wang Li	/ɡĭə/
Bernard Karlgren	/gi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	kei⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ](r)ə/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡɯ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	旗
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qí
Middle Chinese	‹ gi ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ](r)ə/
English	flag
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	旗
Reading #	1/1
No.	9948
Phonetic component	其
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	其
Old Chinese	/*ɡɯ/

Definitions

旗

flag; banner (Classifier: 面 m; 支 c)
(historical) banner (type of administrative and military division under the Qing dynasty)
banner (type of administrative division in Inner Mongolia, China)
(Hong Kong Cantonese taxi driver jargon) fare; customer; trip (Classifier: 支 c)
(Hong Kong Cantonese slang) opium pipe
a surname

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (旗):

→ Japanese: 旗(き) (ki)
→ Korean: 기(旗) (gi)

Others:

→ Vietnamese: cờ
→ Zhuang: geiz

References

“旗”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
(Min Nan) “Entry #10566”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.

Japanese

Kanji

旗

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

Go-on: ぎ (gi)
Kan-on: き (ki, Jōyō)
Kun: はた (hata, 旗, Jōyō)

Etymology 1

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *pata[2].

Kanji in this term
旗
はた Grade: 4
kun'yomi

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

旗

Wikipedia ^ja

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) はた [hàtáꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
IPA^(key): [ha̠ta̠]

Noun

旗(はた) • (hata)

flag
プエルトリコの旗(はた)
Pueruto Riko no hata
flag of Puerto Rico

Descendants

→ Sakizaya: hata

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
旗
き Grade: 4
on'yomi

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

旗 (行政単位)

Wikipedia ^ja

Affix

旗(き) • (ki)

flag; banner

Noun

旗(き) • (ki)

banner (type of administrative division in Inner Mongolia, China)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 旗 (MC gi).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	끵 (Yale: kkùy)
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
Text	*Gloss (hun)*	Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527^[3]	긧 (Yale: kùy-s)	긔 (Yale: kùy)

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ki]
Phonetic hangul: [기]

Hanja

旗 (eumhun 깃발 기 (gitbal gi))

hanja form^? of 기 (“flag; banner”) [noun; affix]

Compounds

기수 (旗手, gisu)
기장 (旗章, gijang)
기치 (旗幟, gichi)
국기 (國旗, gukgi)
군기 (軍旗, gun'gi)
농기 (農旗, nonggi)
당기 (黨旗, danggi)
백기 (白旗, baekgi)
영기 (令旗, yeonggi)
팔기 (八旗, palgi)
삼색기 (三色旗, samsaekgi)
성조기 (星條旗, seongjogi)
자치기 (自治旗, jachigi)
태극기 (太極旗, taegeukgi)

Vietnamese

Han character

旗: Hán Nôm readings: cờ, kỳ, kì

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