紅毛

紅毛

1. red hair (on animals)
2. (Singapore, Malaysia, Taiwan, chiefly Hokkien and Teochew, derogatory) red-haired person; (by extension) Caucasian person; white person; ang moh
3. (Hokkien, historical, archaic) British or English person
4. (Hokkien, historical, archaic) Dutch person

• → English: ang moh, angmoh, ang mo
• → Thai: อั้งม้อ (âng-mɔ́ɔ), อั้งม่อ (âng-mɔ̂ɔ), อั้งหม้อ (âng-mɔ̂ɔ)

• Douglas, Carstairs (1873) “âng-mn̂g”, in Chinese-English Dictionary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of Amoy, [With 1923 Supplement after the Appendix by Thomas Barclay, Shanghai: Commercial Press, Ltd.] edition (overall work in Hokkien and English), London: Trübner & Co., page 5; New Edition (With Chinese Character Glosses) edition, London: Presbyterian Church of England, 1899, page 5
• Van der Loon, Piet (1967) “The Manila Incunabula and Early Hokkien Studies, Part 2”, in Asia Major (New Series)‎^[1], volume 13, page 104

Possibly coined in Japan of Middle Chinese-derived elements 紅 (kō, “red, crimson”) +‎ 毛 (mō, “hair”).

Alternatively, possibly from Middle Chinese compound 紅毛 (MC huwng maw).

Compare modern Mandarin 紅毛／红毛 (hóngmáo).

• (Tokyo) こーもー [kòómóó] (Heiban – [0])^[1][2][3]
• IPA^(key): [ko̞ːmo̞ː]

紅(こう)毛(もう) • (kōmō) 

1. red hair

   Synonym: (more general term for a redhead) 赤毛 (akage)

2. during the Edo period, an epithet for the Dutch, contrasting with the term 南蛮 (nanban, literally “Southern barbarians”) used for the Spanish and Portuguese
3. in modern times, an epithet for Westerners or Europeans

By extension from the red hair meaning being applied to the Dutch, used as jukujikun (熟字訓) for オランダ (Oranda, “Holland”).^[4]

• (Tokyo) オランダ [òráńdá] (Heiban – [0])^[2][3]
• IPA^(key): [o̞ɾã̠nda̠]

紅毛(オランダ) or 紅毛(おらんだ) • (Oranda) 

1. (obsolete) Holland, the Netherlands

This reading was used primarily during the Edo period, and has since fallen out of use.