脫
|
Translingual
editHan character
edit脫 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 月金口山 (BCRU) or 難月金口山 (XBCRU), four-corner 78216, composition ⿰⺼兌(HT) or ⿰月兌(GK))
Derived characters
editReferences
edit- Kangxi Dictionary: page 984, character 12
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29539
- Dae Jaweon: page 1436, character 24
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2081, character 1
- Unihan data for U+812B
Chinese
edittrad. | 脫/脱 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 脱 | |
alternative forms | 挩/捝 說/说 |
Glyph origin
editOld Chinese | |
---|---|
毤 | *l̥ʰoːds |
蛻 | *l'oːds, *l̥ʰoːds, *hljods, *lod, *lod |
娧 | *l̥ʰoːds, *lod |
駾 | *l̥ʰoːds |
裞 | *l̥ʰoːds, *hljods |
兌 | *l'oːds |
綐 | *l'oːds |
銳 | *l'oːds, *lods |
帨 | *stʰods, *hljods |
稅 | *hljods |
說 | *hljods, *hljod, *lod |
涚 | *hljods |
䫄 | *rtʰoːd |
脫 | *l̥ʰoːd, *l'oːd |
侻 | *l̥ʰoːd |
挩 | *l̥ʰoːd, *l'oːd |
莌 | *l̥ʰoːd, *l'oːd |
梲 | *l̥ʰoːd, *ʔljod, *l̥ʰuːd |
鮵 | *l'oːd |
敓 | *l'oːd |
痥 | *l'oːd |
悅 | *lod, *lod |
閱 | *lod |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *l̥ʰoːd, *l'oːd) : semantic ⺼ + phonetic 兌 (OC *l'oːds).
Etymology 1
editFrom Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/s-lwat (“free; release; slip; dislocate”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007).
- Within Chinese, cognate with 蛻 (OC *l̥ʰoːds, “exuviae (skin cast off during molting)”), 愉 (OC *lo, “relax > happy, pleased”), 悅 (OC lod, “contented”), 說 (OC *hljod, “to speak, to explain”), 說 (OC *hljods, “to persuade”), 偷 (OC *l̥ʰoː, “to steal”), 奪 (OC *Cə.lˁot, “to rob, to snatch”);
- Outside Chinese, cognate with Tibetan གློད་པ (glod pa, “loosen, relax, slacken”), Tibetan ཧློད་པ (hlod pa, “loose, relaxed”), Lepcha ᰒᰤᰦᰳ (flját), ᰒᰤᰩᰳ (fljót), Burmese လွှတ် (hlwat), Burmese ချွတ် (hkywat).
In its use in Northern Wu languages, such as Shanghainese, Suzhounese, and Ningbonese, as well as Lower Yangtze Mandarin, it is likely from a grammaticalisation of the verb. Compare with 落 (Wuxi, Changzhou) and 掉 (Haining, Danyang)
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): to2
- Cantonese (Jyutping): tyut3
- Gan (Wiktionary): tot6
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): tuah4
- Northern Min (KCR): tŏ̤
- Eastern Min (BUC): tók
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 7theq
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): to6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄛ
- Tongyong Pinyin: tuo
- Wade–Giles: tʻo1
- Yale: twō
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tuo
- Palladius: то (to)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: to2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: to
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰo²¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: tyut3
- Yale: tyut
- Cantonese Pinyin: tyt8
- Guangdong Romanization: tüd3
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰyːt̚³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: tot6
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰɵt̚⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thot
- Hakka Romanization System: todˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: tod5
- Sinological IPA: /tʰot̚²/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: tuah4
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /tʰuaʔ²/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: tŏ̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰɔ²⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: tók
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰouʔ²⁴/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- thut - vernacular;
- thoat - literary (“to collapse”).
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: tug4
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thuk
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰuk̚²/
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 脫 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /tʰuo⁵⁵/ |
Harbin | /tʰuo⁴⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /tʰuo²¹/ | |
Jinan | /tʰuə²¹³/ | |
Qingdao | /tʰuə⁵⁵/ | |
Zhengzhou | /tʰuo²⁴/ | |
Xi'an | /tʰuo²¹/ | |
Xining | /tʰu⁴⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /tʰuə¹³/ | |
Lanzhou | /tʰuə¹³/ | |
Ürümqi | /tʰuɤ²¹³/ | |
Wuhan | /tʰuo²¹³/ | |
Chengdu | /tʰo³¹/ | |
Guiyang | /tʰo²¹/ | |
Kunming | /tʰo³¹/ | |
Nanjing | /tʰoʔ⁵/ | |
Hefei | /tʰuɐʔ⁵/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /tʰuaʔ²/ |
Pingyao | /tʰuʌʔ¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /tʰuaʔ⁴³/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /tʰoʔ⁵/ |
Suzhou | /tʰəʔ⁵/ | |
Hangzhou | /tʰoʔ⁵/ | |
Wenzhou | /tʰø²¹³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /tʰɔʔ²¹/ |
Tunxi | /tʰuːə⁵/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /tʰo²⁴/ |
Xiangtan | /tʰo²⁴/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /tʰɵʔ⁵/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /tʰot̚¹/ |
Taoyuan | /tʰot̚²²/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /tʰyt̚³/ |
Nanning | /tʰyt̚³³/ | |
Hong Kong | /tʰyt̚³/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /tʰuat̚³²/ /tʰut̚³²/ /tʰuaʔ³²/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /tʰɔuʔ²³/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /tʰɔ²⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /tʰuk̚²/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /hut̚⁵/ ~帽 /hut̚³/ ~手 |
- Middle Chinese: dwat, thwat
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*lˤot/, /*mə-l̥ˤot/
- (Zhengzhang): /*l̥ʰoːd/, /*l'oːd/
Definitions
edit脫
- to take off (clothes); to peel off; to strip
- to get away from; to escape; to leave; to avoid
- to leave out; to miss; to omit
- rapid; swift; fast
- unaffected; free; at ease
- (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to collapse; to pass out; to fall in a faint
- (Ningbonese and Shanghainese) and
- (Northern Wu, Jianghuai Mandarin) Used to indicate a negative outcome to a verb.
Usage notes
edit- (Northern Wu): see 脫了#Usage notes
Synonyms
editCompounds
edit- 三解脫門/三解脱门
- 以脫/以脱
- 佻脫/佻脱
- 倒脫靴/倒脱靴
- 停停脫脫/停停脱脱
- 兔脫/兔脱
- 出脫/出脱 (chūtuō)
- 剝脫/剥脱
- 動如脫兔/动如脱兔
- 區脫/区脱
- 品脫/品脱 (pǐntuō)
- 大疏脫/大疏脱
- 失支脫節/失支脱节
- 密司脫/密司脱
- 對脫/对脱
- 展脫/展脱
- 度脫/度脱
- 打脫/打脱
- 打脫冒/打脱冒
- 拉脫維亞/拉脱维亚 (Lātuōwéiyà)
- 挺脫/挺脱
- 掣脫/掣脱
- 捽脫/捽脱
- 掙脫/挣脱 (zhèngtuō)
- 推脫/推脱 (tuītuō)
- 換骨脫胎/换骨脱胎
- 搳脫/搳脱
- 撇脫/撇脱
- 撤脫/撤脱
- 擺脫/摆脱 (bǎituō)
- 攦脫/𰓬脱
- 敗脫/败脱
- 書缺簡脫/书缺简脱
- 條脫/条脱
- 沒頭脫柄/没头脱柄
- 洗脫/洗脱 (xǐtuō)
- 活脫/活脱
- 渾脫/浑脱
- 溜脫/溜脱
- 漆桶底脫/漆桶底脱
- 漏脫/漏脱 (lòutuō)
- 甌脫/瓯脱 (ōutuō)
- 甩脫/甩脱
- 疝脫/疝脱
- 發脫/发脱
- 發脫口齒/发脱口齿
- 白脫油/白脱油
- 碗脫/碗脱
- 穎脫/颖脱
- 穎脫而出/颖脱而出 (yǐngtuō'érchū)
- 窩脫銀/窝脱银
- 縱脫/纵脱
- 脫位/脱位 (tuōwèi)
- 脫俗/脱俗 (tuōsú)
- 脫俗之交/脱俗之交
- 脫光/脱光 (tuōguāng)
- 脫兔/脱兔
- 脫剝/脱剥
- 脫卯/脱卯
- 脫卸/脱卸
- 脫口/脱口 (tuōkǒu)
- 脫口成章/脱口成章
- 脫口秀/脱口秀 (tuōkǒuxiù)
- 脫口而出/脱口而出
- 脫命/脱命
- 脫售/脱售
- 脫困/脱困 (tuōkùn)
- 脫垢離塵/脱垢离尘
- 脫孝/脱孝
- 脫屣/脱屣
- 脫帽/脱帽 (tuōmào)
- 脫帽露頂/脱帽露顶
- 脫序/脱序
- 脫悶/脱闷
- 脫懶/脱懒
- 脫手/脱手 (tuōshǒu)
- 脫文/脱文
- 脫易/脱易
- 脫星/脱星
- 脫期/脱期 (tuōqī)
- 脫檔/脱档
- 脫殼/脱壳
- 脫殼金蟬/脱壳金蝉
- 脫毛/脱毛 (tuōmáo)
- 脫氧/脱氧 (tuōyǎng)
- 脫水/脱水 (tuōshuǐ)
- 脫水劑/脱水剂 (tuōshuǐjì)
- 脫水機/脱水机
- 脫水食品/脱水食品
- 脫汗/脱汗
- 脫滑/脱滑
- 脫漏/脱漏 (tuōlòu)
- 脫然/脱然
- 脫班/脱班 (tuōbān)
- 脫產/脱产 (tuōchǎn)
- 脫略/脱略
- 脫白換綠/脱白换绿
- 脫皮/脱皮 (tuōpí)
- 脫皮裹劑/脱皮裹剂
- 脫禁/脱禁
- 脫稍兒/脱稍儿
- 脫稿/脱稿 (tuōgǎo)
- 脫穀機/脱谷机
- 脫穎/脱颖
- 脫穎囊錐/脱颖囊锥
- 脫穎而出/脱颖而出 (tuōyǐng'érchū)
- 脫空/脱空
- 脫節/脱节 (tuōjié)
- 脫簡/脱简
- 脫籍/脱籍
- 脫粒/脱粒 (tuōlì)
- 脫粟/脱粟
- 脫網就淵/脱网就渊
- 脫罪/脱罪 (tuōzuì)
- 脫羽/脱羽 (tuōyú)
- 脫肛/脱肛 (tuōgāng)
- 脫肩/脱肩
- 脫胎/脱胎 (tuōtāi)
- 脫胎換骨/脱胎换骨 (tuōtāihuàngǔ)
- 脫脂/脱脂 (tuōzhī)
- 脫脂奶粉/脱脂奶粉
- 脫脂棉/脱脂棉
- 脫腸/脱肠
- 脫膊/脱膊
- 脫膠/脱胶
- 脫臭/脱臭
- 脫臼/脱臼 (tuōjiù)
- 脫色/脱色 (tuōsè)
- 脫落/脱落 (tuōluò)
- 脫蛹/脱蛹
- 脫蠟/脱蜡
- 脫誤/脱误
- 脫貧/脱贫 (tuōpín)
- 脫身/脱身 (tuōshēn)
- 脫身計/脱身计
- 脫軌/脱轨 (tuōguǐ)
- 脫輻/脱辐
- 脫逃/脱逃 (tuōtáo)
- 脫鉤/脱钩 (tuōgōu)
- 脫銷/脱销 (tuōxiāo)
- 脫除/脱除
- 脫陰/脱阴
- 脫陽/脱阳
- 脫險/脱险 (tuōxiǎn)
- 脫難/脱难
- 脫離/脱离 (tuōlí)
- 脫離常軌/脱离常轨
- 脫離苦海/脱离苦海
- 脫離速度/脱离速度
- 脫靴/脱靴
- 脫靶/脱靶 (tuōbǎ)
- 脫韁之馬/脱缰之马
- 脫韁馬/脱缰马
- 脫體/脱体
- 脫髮/脱发 (tuōfà)
- 脫鹽/脱盐 (tuōyán)
- 脫黨/脱党
- 臨陣脫逃/临阵脱逃 (línzhèntuōtáo)
- 虛脫/虚脱 (xūtuō)
- 解脫/解脱 (jiětuō)
- 訛脫/讹脱 (étuō)
- 豁脫/豁脱
- 走脫/走脱 (zǒutuō)
- 超群脫俗/超群脱俗
- 超脫/超脱 (chāotuō)
- 跳脫/跳脱
- 踢脫/踢脱
- 蹬脫/蹬脱
- 輕脫/轻脱
- 逃脫/逃脱 (táotuō)
- 通脫/通脱
- 透脫/透脱
- 逋脫/逋脱
- 通脫不拘/通脱不拘
- 通脫木/通脱木
- 金蟬脫殼/金蝉脱壳
- 開脫/开脱 (kāituō)
- 離脫/离脱
- 頓不脫/顿不脱
- 頓脫/顿脱
- 鬆脫/松脱
Descendants
editOthers:
- → Ahom: 𑜌𑜨𑜄𑜫 (thot)
- → Lao: ຖອດ (thǭt)
- → Lü: ᦏᦸᧆᧈ (ṫhoad¹)
- → Northern Thai: ᨳᩬᨯ
- → Tai Dón: ꪖꪮꪒ
- → Tai Nüa: ᥗᥨᥖᥱ (thǒt)
- → Thai: ถอด (tɔ̀ɔt)
- → Shan: ထွတ်ႇ (thàut)
Etymology 2
editPronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄟˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: tuèi
- Wade–Giles: tʻui4
- Yale: twèi
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tuey
- Palladius: туй (tuj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
edit脫
Etymology 3
editPronunciation
editDefinitions
edit脫
Compounds
editEtymology 4
editFor pronunciation and definitions of 脫 – see 挩 (“(Hokkien) to zip (zippers open or close)”). (This character is a variant form of 挩). |
References
edit- “脫”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
edit脱 | |
脫 |
Kanji
edit(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 脱)
Readings
edit- Go-on: だち (dachi); たい (tai)
- Kan-on: だつ (datsu); たい (tai)
- Kun: ぬぐ (nugu, 脫ぐ); ぬける (nukeru, 脫ける); ぬげる (nugeru, 脫げる)
Usage notes
editThis form is extremely rare in Japanese. The current form of 脱 has seen some use before 1946.
Further reading
edit- Image at Waseda University of the foreword from 代微積拾級訳解 (Dai Biseki Jikkyū Yakkai), an 1872 Japanese translation of the 1851 book Elements of Analytical Geometry and of the Differential and Integral Calculus by Elias Loomis; this rare character form is seen in roughly the center of the leftmost column of text on that page.
Korean
editHanja
edit脫 • (tal, tae) (hangeul 탈, 태, McCune–Reischauer t'al, t'ae, Yale thal, thay)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
Vietnamese
editHan character
edit- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
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