赤い
Japanese
editKanji in this term |
---|
赤 |
あか Grade: 1 |
kun'yomi |
Etymology
editFrom the 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) of Early Middle Japanese adjective 赤し (akashi), with the medial /-k-/ falling out. Cognate with 明るい (akarui, “bright”).
Medial voiceless plosives, like /-k-/, underwent voicing, then spirantization, then gliding, then being dropped, before /-i, -u, -e, -o/. As this intervocalic sound-change did not occur before /-a/(Hamano, 2000),[1] Middle Japanese /akaki/ became /akai/ 赤い.
⟨akaki1⟩ → */akakʲi/ → */akaɡʲi/ → */akaɣi/ → */akaji/ → */akai/.
Pronunciation
edit- Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of "赤い"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Continuative (連用形) | 赤く | あかく | [àkákú] |
Terminal (終止形) | 赤い | あかい あかい |
[àkáí] [àkáꜜì] |
Attributive (連体形) | 赤い | あかい | [àkáí] |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | 赤くない | あかくない | [àkákúnáꜜì] |
Informal past | 赤かった | あかかった | [àkáꜜkàttà] |
Informal negative past | 赤くなかった | あかくなかった | [àkákúnáꜜkàttà] |
Formal | 赤いです | あかいです | [àkáꜜìdèsù] |
Conjunctive | 赤くて | あかくて | [àkáꜜkùtè] |
Conditional | 赤ければ | あかければ | [àkáꜜkèrèbà] |
Adjective
edit赤い • (akai) -i (adverbial 赤く (akaku))
- red (color)
- 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho, page 9:
- Acai. アカイ (赤い) 赤い(もの).
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Inflection
editInflection of 赤い
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | 赤かろ | あかかろ | akakaro |
Continuative (連用形) | 赤く | あかく | akaku |
Terminal (終止形) | 赤い | あかい | akai |
Attributive (連体形) | 赤い | あかい | akai |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 赤けれ | あかけれ | akakere |
Imperative (命令形) | 赤かれ | あかかれ | akakare |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | 赤くない | あかくない | akaku nai |
Informal past | 赤かった | あかかった | akakatta |
Informal negative past | 赤くなかった | あかくなかった | akaku nakatta |
Formal | 赤いです | あかいです | akai desu |
Formal negative | 赤くないです | あかくないです | akaku nai desu |
Formal past | 赤かったです | あかかったです | akakatta desu |
Formal negative past | 赤くなかったです | あかくなかったです | akaku nakatta desu |
Conjunctive | 赤くて | あかくて | akakute |
Conditional | 赤ければ | あかければ | akakereba |
Provisional | 赤かったら | あかかったら | akakattara |
Volitional | 赤かろう | あかかろう | akakarō |
Adverbial | 赤く | あかく | akaku |
Degree | 赤さ | あかさ | akasa |
Related terms
edit- 赤 (aka)
References
edit- ^ Hamano, S. Journal of East Asian Linguistics (2000) 9: 207. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008367619295
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 “あか・い 【赤】 ”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here (Note: Dialectal meanings, etymological theories, pronunciation including modern, dialectal, and historical information, Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai, historical dictionaries containing this word, and the kanji spellings in those dictionaries have been omitted.)
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
- ^ Nakai, Yukihiko, editor (2002), 京阪系アクセント辞典 [A Dictionary of Tone on Words of the Keihan-type Dialects] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Bensei, →ISBN
Further reading
edit- Doi, Tadao (1603–1604) Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1980, →ISBN.
Categories:
- Japanese terms spelled with 赤 read as あか
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms inherited from Early Middle Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Early Middle Japanese
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese adjectives
- Japanese い-i adjectives
- Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms with quotations
- ja:Colors
- ja:JLPT-5
- ja:Reds