Japanese

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Kanji in this term
あか
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Etymology

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From the 連体形 (rentaikei, attributive form) of Early Middle Japanese adjective 赤し (akashi), with the medial /-k-/ falling out. Cognate with 明るい (akarui, bright).

Medial voiceless plosives, like /-k-/, underwent voicing, then spirantization, then gliding, then being dropped, before /-i, -u, -e, -o/. As this intervocalic sound-change did not occur before /-a/(Hamano, 2000),[1] Middle Japanese /akaki/ became /akai/ 赤い.

⟨akaki1 → */akakʲi/ → */akaɡʲi/ → */akaɣi/ → */akaji/ → */akai/.

Pronunciation

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  • Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of "赤い"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Continuative (連用形) 赤く かく [àkákú]
Terminal (終止形) 赤い かい
[àkáí]
[àkáꜜì]
Attributive (連体形) 赤い かい [àkáí]
Key constructions
Informal negative 赤くない かくな [àkákúnáꜜì]
Informal past 赤かった かった [àkáꜜkàttà]
Informal negative past 赤くなかった かくなかった [àkákúnáꜜkàttà]
Formal 赤いです いです [àkáꜜìdèsù]
Conjunctive 赤くて くて [àkáꜜkùtè]
Conditional 赤ければ ければ [àkáꜜkèrèbà]

Adjective

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(あか) (akai-i (adverbial (あか) (akaku))

  1. red (color)

Inflection

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References

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  1. ^ Hamano, S. Journal of East Asian Linguistics (2000) 9: 207. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008367619295
  2. 2.0 2.1 あか・い 【赤】 ”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here (Note: Dialectal meanings, etymological theories, pronunciation including modern, dialectal, and historical information, Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai, historical dictionaries containing this word, and the kanji spellings in those dictionaries have been omitted.)
  3. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
  4. ^ Nakai, Yukihiko, editor (2002), 京阪系アクセント辞典 [A Dictionary of Tone on Words of the Keihan-type Dialects] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Bensei, →ISBN

Further reading

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