ach
Translingual
editSymbol
editach
English
editEtymology 1
editFrom Middle English ache, from Old French ache, from Latin apium (“parsley”).
Alternative forms
editPronunciation
editNoun
editach (plural aches)
Derived terms
editEtymology 2
editPronunciation
editInterjection
editach
- An expression of annoyance.
- 1958, Anthony Burgess, The Enemy in the Blanket (The Malayan Trilogy), published 1972:
- "Ach." Auntie frowned hugely. "That is all nonsense."
- An expression of woe or regret.
- Alternative form of och
Anagrams
editCentral Franconian
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom Middle High German ahte, from Old High German ahto, from Proto-West Germanic *ahtō, from Proto-Germanic *ahtōu, from Proto-Indo-European *oḱtṓw.
Pronunciation
editNumeral
editach
- (Limburgan Ripuarian) eight (numerical value represented by the Arabic numeral 8; or describing a set with eight elements)
Derived terms
editRelated terms
editFurther reading
edit- “ach” in d'r nuie Kirchröadsjer Dieksiejoneer 2nd ed., 2017.
Chuukese
editDeterminer
editach
- First-person plural inclusive general possessive; our (inclusive)
Related terms
editSmall objects, concepts | Large objects, living things | Suffix | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First person | ai | nei | -ei |
Second person | omw, om | noum | -om | |
Third person | an | noun | -an | |
Plural | First person | äm (exclusive) ach (inclusive) |
nöu̇m (exclusive) nöüch (inclusive) |
-em (exclusive) -ach (inclusive) |
Second person | ämi, ami | noumi | -emi | |
Third person | ar | nour | -er |
Cimbrian
editAlternative forms
edit- òich (plural you only)
Etymology
edit(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronoun
editach
- (Sette Comuni) accusative of iart: you (plural; polite singular)
See also
editnominative | accusative | dative | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
1st person singular | ich | mich | miar | |
2nd person singular | familiar | du | dich | diar |
polite | iart | ach | òich | |
3rd person singular | m | èar, ar | in, en | iime |
f | zi, ze | iar | ||
n | es, is | es, 's | iime | |
1st person plural | bar, bandare |
zich | izàndarn | |
2nd person plural | iart, iartàndare, artàndare |
òich, ach | ogàndarn | |
3rd person plural | ze, zòi, zandare |
zich | innàndarn |
References
edit- “ach” in Martalar, Umberto Martello, Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo
Dutch
editPronunciation
editInterjection
editach
- oh, expresses compassion, surprise and dismay
Descendants
editEsperanto
editInterjection
editach
- H-system spelling of aĉ
German
editEtymology
editFrom Middle High German ach, from Old High German ah.
Pronunciation
editInterjection
editach
- oh, alas (expressing surprise, sorrow, or understanding)
- 1808, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, “Vor dem Thor”, in Faust: Der Tragödie erster Teil [Faust, Part One][1]; republished as Bayard Taylor, transl., 1870:
- Zwey Seelen wohnen, ach! in meiner Brust, / Die eine will sich von der andern trennen;
- Two souls, alas! reside within my breast, / And each withdraws from, and repels, its brother.
- oh (preceding an offhand or annoyed remark)
- oh (preceding an invocation or address, but rarely a solemn one)
Derived terms
editDescendants
editFurther reading
edit- “ach” in Duden online
- Friedrich Kluge (1883) “ach”, in John Francis Davis, transl., Etymological Dictionary of the German Language, published 1891
- “ach” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
Irish
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editFrom Old Irish acht (“but, except”), from Proto-Celtic *extos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs.
Alternative forms
editConjunction
editach
Preposition
editach (plus nominative, triggers no mutation)
Derived terms
edit- ach oiread (“as well”) (after a negative)
Adverb
editach
Etymology 2
editAlternative forms
editInterjection
editach!
Further reading
edit- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “ach”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “acht”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “ach”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
- “ach”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2024
Kashubian
editEtymology
editInherited from Proto-Slavic *axъ.
Pronunciation
editInterjection
editach
- ah! expresses surprise, fear, pleasure, sadness, sudden understanding
Further reading
edit- Stefan Ramułt (1893) “aχ!”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego (in Kashubian), page 2
- Sychta, Bernard (1967) “aχ!”, in Słownik gwar kaszubskich [Dictionary of Kashubian dialects] (in Polish), volumes 1 (A – Ǵ), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 3
- Jan Trepczyk (1994) “ach!”, in Słownik polsko-kaszubski (in Kashubian), volumes 1–2
- Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “ach!”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi[2]
- “ach!”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022
Lithuanian
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Old Polish ach.
Interjection
editach (archaic)
- o (used to address someone or a group)
Further reading
edit- Wojciech Smoczyński (2018) “ach”, in Lithuanian Etymological Dictionary, Berlin, Germany: Peter Lang, , →ISBN, page 4
Masurian
editEtymology
editInherited from Old Polish ach.
Pronunciation
editInterjection
editach
- ah! expresses surprise, fear, pleasure, sadness, sudden understanding
Further reading
editMiddle Low German
editPronunciation
editInterjection
editach
- oh (an expression of grievance or displeasure)
North Frisian
editEtymology
editFrom Old Frisian achta. Compare West Frisian acht.
Numeral
editach
Old Polish
editEtymology
editInherited from Proto-Slavic *axъ. First attested in the 14th century.
Pronunciation
editInterjection
editach
- (attested in Silesia) ah! expresses surprise
- 1915 [End of the 15th century], Jan Łoś, editor, Przegląd językowych zabytków staropolskich do r. 1543[3], page 315:
- Ach boze moy, pomozy my
- [Ach Boże moj, pomoży mi]
- 1915 [Middle of the 15th century], Jan Łoś, editor, Przegląd językowych zabytków staropolskich do r. 1543[4], page 514:
- Ach nyestocze proch dolor
- [Ach niestocie proch dolor]
- 1885-2024 [End of the 15th century], Jan Baudouina de Courtenay, Jan Karłowicz, Antoni Adam Kryńskiego, Malinowski Lucjan, editors, Prace Filologiczne[5], volume III, Wrocław, page 289:
- Ach gelacze heu
- [Ach jełacie heu]
- Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa[6], page 56:
- Takoż płakał rzekąc: Ach mnie nędznemu
- [Takoż płakał rzekąc: Ach mnie nędznemu]
Descendants
editReferences
edit- Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “ach”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
- Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965) “ach”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “ach”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Peranakan Indonesian
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Dutch ach (“oh”).
Interjection
editach
- oh, expresses compassion, surprise and dismay
- Ach, ia laen tida minta doeit.[1] ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
References
edit- ^ Kwee Hing Tjiat (1921) Doea Kapala Batoe [Two Hardheaded (Persons)] (in Peranakan Indonesian), Nauer & Dimmick, page 10
Polish
editEtymology
editInherited from Old Polish ach.
Pronunciation
edit- IPA(key): /ax/
- (Middle Polish) IPA(key): /ax/, /ɒx/
Audio 1: (file) Audio 2: (file) - Rhymes: -ax
- Syllabification: ach
Interjection
editach
Derived terms
editFurther reading
edit- ach in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- ach in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “ach, ah”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- Krystyna Siekierska (08.06.2022) “ACH”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “ach”, in Słownik języka polskiego, volume 1, pages 3-4
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “ach”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “ach”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 6
Scots
editEtymology
editIn imitation of a cry.
Pronunciation
editInterjection
editach
- An exclamation of impatience, disappointment, contempt, remonstrance.
- expression of satisfaction or pleasure.
References
edit- “ach, int.” in the Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries.
Scottish Gaelic
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editFrom Old Irish acht (“but, except”), from Proto-Celtic *extos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs-tos.
Conjunction
editach
- but
- Thèid mise ach cha tèid thusa. ― I'll go but you won't [go].
- except, only
- Cha robh ann ach trì daoine. ― There were only three people (literally "there was not there but/except for three people").
Etymology 2
editShortened form of feuch.
Conjunction
editach
- so that
- Dh'aontaich e ach am biodh adhartas air choireigin ann. ― He agreed so that there would be some progress.
References
edit- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “acht”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Silesian
editEtymology
editInherited from Old Polish ach.
Pronunciation
editInterjection
editach
- ah! expresses surprise, fear, pleasure, sadness, sudden understanding
Further reading
edit- ach in silling.org
- Henryk Jaroszewicz (2022) “ach”, in Zasady pisowni języka śląskiego (in Polish), Siedlce: Wydawnictwo Naukowe IKR[i]BL, page 61
- Aleksandra Wencel (2023) “ach!”, in Dykcjůnôrz ślų̊sko-polski, page 7
Slovincian
editEtymology
editInherited from Proto-Slavic *axъ.
Pronunciation
editInterjection
editach
- ah! expresses surprise, fear, pleasure, sadness, sudden understanding
Further reading
edit- Lorentz, Friedrich (1908) “ãχ!”, in Slovinzisches Wörterbuch[7] (in German), volume 1, Saint Petersburg: ОРЯС ИАН, page 2
Temascaltepec Nahuatl
editAdverb
editach
Welsh
editEtymology 1
editFrom Proto-Celtic *akkā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ekkeh₂ (compare Latin Acca (Larentia), a Roman goddess, Ancient Greek Ἀκκώ (Akkṓ, “nurse of Demeter”), Sanskrit अक्का (akkā, “mother”)).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editach f (plural achau or achoedd)
Derived terms
edit- achres (“genealogical table”)
- achydd (“genealogist”)
- achyddiaeth (“genealogy”)
- achyddol (“genealogical”)
- ers achau (“for ages”)
Etymology 2
editAlternative forms
editPronunciation
editInterjection
editach
Derived terms
editMutation
editWelsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
ach | unchanged | unchanged | hach |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References
edit- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “ach”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- ISO 639-2
- ISO 639-3
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms derived from Old French
- English terms derived from Latin
- English 1-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- English terms with obsolete senses
- English interjections
- English terms with quotations
- English terms with /x/
- English three-letter words
- en:Celery family plants
- Central Franconian terms inherited from Middle High German
- Central Franconian terms derived from Middle High German
- Central Franconian terms inherited from Old High German
- Central Franconian terms derived from Old High German
- Central Franconian terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Central Franconian terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Central Franconian terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Central Franconian terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Central Franconian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Central Franconian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Central Franconian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Central Franconian lemmas
- Central Franconian numerals
- Limburgan-Ripuarian transitional dialects
- Chuukese lemmas
- Chuukese determiners
- Cimbrian non-lemma forms
- Cimbrian pronoun forms
- Sette Comuni Cimbrian
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Dutch terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɑx
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɑx/1 syllable
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch interjections
- Esperanto lemmas
- Esperanto interjections
- Esperanto H-system forms
- German terms inherited from Middle High German
- German terms derived from Middle High German
- German terms inherited from Old High German
- German terms derived from Old High German
- German 1-syllable words
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German terms with audio links
- Rhymes:German/ax
- Rhymes:German/ax/1 syllable
- German lemmas
- German interjections
- German terms with quotations
- Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Irish terms inherited from Old Irish
- Irish terms derived from Old Irish
- Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Irish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Irish lemmas
- Irish conjunctions
- Irish prepositions
- Irish prepositions governing the nominative
- Irish adverbs
- Irish onomatopoeias
- Irish interjections
- Kashubian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Kashubian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Kashubian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Kashubian/ax
- Rhymes:Kashubian/ax/1 syllable
- Kashubian lemmas
- Kashubian interjections
- Lithuanian terms borrowed from Old Polish
- Lithuanian terms derived from Old Polish
- Lithuanian lemmas
- Lithuanian interjections
- Lithuanian terms with archaic senses
- Masurian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Masurian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Masurian terms inherited from Old Polish
- Masurian terms derived from Old Polish
- Masurian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Masurian/ax
- Rhymes:Masurian/ax/1 syllable
- Masurian lemmas
- Masurian interjections
- Middle Low German terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle Low German lemmas
- Middle Low German interjections
- North Frisian terms inherited from Old Frisian
- North Frisian terms derived from Old Frisian
- North Frisian lemmas
- North Frisian numerals
- North Frisian cardinal numbers
- Heligolandic North Frisian
- Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Polish lemmas
- Old Polish interjections
- Silesia Old Polish
- Old Polish terms with quotations
- Peranakan Indonesian terms borrowed from Dutch
- Peranakan Indonesian terms derived from Dutch
- Peranakan Indonesian lemmas
- Peranakan Indonesian interjections
- Peranakan Indonesian terms with usage examples
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Polish terms inherited from Old Polish
- Polish terms derived from Old Polish
- Polish 1-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Polish/ax
- Rhymes:Polish/ax/1 syllable
- Polish lemmas
- Polish interjections
- Scots terms with IPA pronunciation
- Scots lemmas
- Scots interjections
- Scottish Gaelic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Scottish Gaelic terms inherited from Old Irish
- Scottish Gaelic terms derived from Old Irish
- Scottish Gaelic terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Scottish Gaelic terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Scottish Gaelic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Scottish Gaelic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Scottish Gaelic lemmas
- Scottish Gaelic conjunctions
- Scottish Gaelic terms with usage examples
- Silesian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Silesian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Silesian terms inherited from Old Polish
- Silesian terms derived from Old Polish
- Silesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Silesian/ax
- Rhymes:Silesian/ax/1 syllable
- Silesian lemmas
- Silesian interjections
- Slovincian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Slovincian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Slovincian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Slovincian/ax
- Rhymes:Slovincian/ax/1 syllable
- Slovincian lemmas
- Slovincian interjections
- Temascaltepec Nahuatl lemmas
- Temascaltepec Nahuatl adverbs
- Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Welsh terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Welsh terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Welsh/aːχ
- Welsh lemmas
- Welsh nouns
- Welsh countable nouns
- Welsh feminine nouns
- Welsh interjections