baron
English
editEtymology
editFrom Middle English baroun, from Old French baron, from Latin barōnem, from Proto-West Germanic *barō, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to bear”). Cognate with Old High German baro (“human being, man, freeman”), Old English bora (“a man who bears responsibility, one who is in charge, a ruler”), and perhaps to Old English beorn (“man, warrior”). Used in early Germanic law in the sense of "man, human being".
A Celtic origin has also been suggested; see the quote under sense 3 of Latin barō. However, the OED takes the hypothetical Proto-Celtic *bar- (“hero”) to be a figment.
Pronunciation
edit- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈbæɹən/
Audio (Southern England): (file) - (General American) enPR: bă'rən
- (without the Mary–marry–merry merger) IPA(key): /ˈbæɹən/
- (Mary–marry–merry merger) IPA(key): /ˈbɛəɹən/
- Rhymes: -æɹən
- Homophone: barren
Noun
editbaron (plural barons, feminine baroness)
- The male ruler of a barony.
- A male member of the lowest rank of English nobility (the equivalent rank in Scotland is lord).
- (by extension) A person of great power in society, especially in business and politics.
- Synonyms: magnate, tycoon; see also Thesaurus:important person
- c. 1948, George Orwell, Such, Such Were the Joys:
- There were a few exotics among them — some South American boys, sons of Argentine beef barons, one or two Russians, and even a Siamese prince, or someone who was described as a prince.
- 2013 August 10, Lexington, “Keeping the mighty honest”, in The Economist[1], volume 408, number 8848:
- British journalists shun complete respectability, feeling a duty to be ready to savage the mighty, or rummage through their bins. Elsewhere in Europe, government contracts and subsidies ensure that press barons will only defy the mighty so far.
- (UK, prison slang) A prisoner who gains power and influence by lending or selling goods such as tobacco.
- 1960, Hugh J. Klare, Anatomy of Prison, page 33:
- The first thing a baron does is to accumulate a supply of tobacco. He spends every penny he can earn on laying it in […]
- 1961, Peter Baker, Time out of life, page 51:
- Nevertheless, from my own agonies of the first few months, after which I did not miss smoking at all, I could appreciate the need of others. It was in this atmosphere of craving that the 'barons' thrived. Barons are prisoners who lend tobacco.
- 1980, Leonard Michaels, Christopher Ricks, The State of the Language, page 525:
- In British prisons tobacco still remains the gold standard which is made to back every transaction and promise. The official allowance is barely sufficient for individual smoking needs, but tobacco may expensively be borrowed or bought from a baron, possibly through his runner.
- A baron of beef, a cut made up of a double sirloin.
- 1851 November 14, Herman Melville, “chapter 34”, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC:
- Such portentous appetites had Queequeg and Tashtego, that to fill out the vacancies made by the previous repast, often the pale Dough-Boy was fain to bring on a great baron of salt-junk, seemingly quarried out of the solid ox.
- Any of various nymphalid butterflies of the genus Euthalia.
- (law, obsolete) A husband.
- Coordinate term: wife
- baron and femme ― husband and wife
Derived terms
editRelated terms
editTranslations
edit
|
References
edit- "baron n.", Oxford English Dictionary, Second edition, 1989; first published in New English Dictionary, 1885.
Anagrams
editAzerbaijani
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Russian барон (baron).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editbaron (definite accusative baronu, plural baronlar)
Declension
editDeclension of baron | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
nominative | baron |
baronlar | ||||||
definite accusative | baronu |
baronları | ||||||
dative | barona |
baronlara | ||||||
locative | baronda |
baronlarda | ||||||
ablative | barondan |
baronlardan | ||||||
definite genitive | baronun |
baronların |
Further reading
edit- “baron” in Obastan.com.
Danish
editEtymology
editFrom Old Norse barún, from Old French baron.
Noun
editbaron c (singular definite baronen, plural indefinite baroner)
- baron (a nobleman, in Denmark since 1849 without privileges)
Inflection
editcommon gender |
Singular | Plural | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | baron | baronen | baroner | baronerne |
genitive | barons | baronens | baroners | baronernes |
Derived terms
editRelated terms
editReferences
edit- “baron” in Den Danske Ordbog
Dutch
editEtymology
editReadjustment from earlier baroen through modern French influence, from Middle Dutch baroen, from Old French baron.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editbaron m (plural baronnen, diminutive baronnetje n, feminine barones)
- baron, a specific aristocratic title
- a magnate, especially a wealthy and influential (industrial) entrepreneur
Derived terms
editRelated terms
editDescendants
editEsperanto
editPronunciation
editNoun
editbaron
- accusative singular of baro
French
editEtymology
editInherited from Middle French baron, from Old French baron, from Latin barōnem.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editbaron m (plural barons, feminine baronne)
Descendants
edit- Haitian Creole: baron
- → Arabic: بارون (bārōn)
- → Hungarian: báró
- → Polish: baron
- → Ottoman Turkish: بارون (baron)
- Turkish: baron
- → Persian: بارون (bâron)
- → Romanian: baron
- → Russian: баро́н (barón)
Further reading
edit- “baron”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
editIndonesian
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editNoun
editbaron (first-person possessive baronku, second-person possessive baronmu, third-person possessive baronnya)
- baron: the male ruler of a barony; a title for European noblemen.
Further reading
edit- “baron” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Javanese
editRomanization
editbaron
- Romanization of ꦧꦫꦺꦴꦤ꧀
Middle English
editEtymology 1
editAdjective
editbaron
- Alternative form of bareyne
Etymology 2
editNoun
editbaron
- Alternative form of baroun
Middle French
editEtymology
editInherited from Old French baron.
Noun
editbaron m (plural barons)
- baron (nobleman)
Descendants
edit- French: baron
Norman
editNoun
editbaron m (plural barons)
- Alternative form of bâron
Norwegian Bokmål
editEtymology
editFrom Old Norse barún, from Old French baron.
Noun
editbaron m (definite singular baronen, indefinite plural baroner, definite plural baronene)
- a baron
Related terms
editReferences
edit- “baron” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
editEtymology
editFrom Old Norse barún, from Old French baron.
Noun
editbaron m (definite singular baronen, indefinite plural baronar, definite plural baronane)
- a baron
Related terms
editReferences
edit- “baron” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old Dutch
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Germanic *bazōną.
Verb
editbaron
Inflection
editinfinitive | baron | |
---|---|---|
indicative | present | past |
1st person singular | baro, baron | baroda |
2nd person singular | baros, barost | barodos |
3rd person singular | barot | baroda |
1st person plural | baron | barodun |
2nd person plural | barot | barodut |
3rd person plural | baront | barodun |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st person singular | baro | barodi |
2nd person singular | baros, barost | barodis |
3rd person singular | baro | barodi |
1st person plural | baron | barodin |
2nd person plural | barot | barodit |
3rd person plural | baron | barodin |
imperative | present | |
singular | baro | |
plural | barot | |
participle | present | past |
barondi | barot, gibarot |
Descendants
editFurther reading
edit- “baron”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012
Old French
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editThe nominative singular ber is a regular outcome of the Latin nominative barō.
Noun
editbaron oblique singular, m (oblique plural barons, nominative singular ber, nominative plural baron)
Descendants
edit- Middle French: baron (see there for further descendants)
- Norman: bâron
- Picard: barôn
- Walloon: baron
- → Italian: barone
- → Middle Armenian: պարոն (paron)
- Armenian: պարոն (paron)
- → Middle Dutch: baroen
- Dutch: baron (readjusted per French)
- → Middle English: baroun, baron, barone, baroon, barown, barowne, barun, beron
- → Middle Irish: barún
- Irish: barún
- → Middle Low German: barōn
- → Middle High German: barūn, barōne
- German: Baron (see there for further descendants)
- →? Old Galician-Portuguese:
- → Old Norse: barún
- → Old Spanish: baron (partially)
- Spanish: barón
- → Sicilian: baruni
Old Galician-Portuguese
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editNoun
editbaron m (plural barões)
- man (adult male human)
- Synonym: home
- 13th c, A. López Ferreiro, editor, Fueros Municipales de Santiago y de su tierra, page 699:
- aquel pecado escumungado que fazen os barones unos con outros
- that excommunicated sin that men do with one another
- c. 1295, Ramón Lorenzo, editor, La traducción gallega de la Crónica General y de la Crónica de Castilla, Ourense: I.E.O.P.F, page 814:
- ca esta (he) muy boa et nobre rreyna dona Berĩguela co[m] tamana aguça gardou sempre este fillo et llj meteu no curaçõ feyto de obras de piedade de ome barõ, mãçebo et nino, et todo linagẽ de omes -esto he barõ et moller-
- because this very noble and excellent queen, Lady Berenguela, with great care protected her son and put in his heart acts of piety of adult man, young man and boy, and of all the lineage of men - that is, man and woman -
Descendants
editFurther reading
edit- Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “baron”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “baron”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
Old Spanish
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editInherited from Latin barōnem. Sense 3 taken from the Old French cognate baron. Coromines considers the more general sense 2, which is attested earlier, to be indigenous.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editbaron m
- man
- c. 1200, La Fazienda de Ultramar, fol 6r
- Los de ysmael vendieron a ioseph a furtifar el egypcio de pharaon conestable. en essa ora, exio iuda asos ermanos e vna mugier, fija de un baron de Canaan
- The people of Ishmael sold Joseph to Potiphar the Egyptian Pharaoh's Constable. At that time, Juda departed to his brothers and a woman, the daughter of a man of Canaan.
- c. 1200, La Fazienda de Ultramar, fol 6r
- nobleman
- baron
Descendants
editReferences
edit- Joan Coromines, José A. Pascual (1984) “barón”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), volumes I (A–Ca), Madrid: Gredos, →ISBN, page 514
Polish
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editNoun
editbaron m pers (female equivalent baronessa, diminutive baronek)
- (historical) baron, lord (the male ruler of a barony)
Noun
editbaron m pers
- (figurative) baron, lord (a person of great power in society, especially in business and politics)
- Synonym: potentat
Declension
editDerived terms
editFurther reading
editRomanian
editEtymology
editNoun
editbaron m (plural baroni)
Declension
editSerbo-Croatian
editEtymology
editDerived from Old French baron.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editbàrōn m (Cyrillic spelling ба̀ро̄н)
- baron (title of nobility)
Swedish
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Old French baron.
Pronunciation
editAudio: (file)
Noun
editbaron c (feminine: baronessa)
Declension
editDeclension of baron | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | baron | baronen | baroner | baronerna |
Genitive | barons | baronens | baroners | baronernas |
Further reading
edit- baron in Svenska Akademiens ordböcker
- baron in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)
Anagrams
editTagalog
editEtymology
editPronunciation
edit- (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /baˈɾon/ [bɐˈɾon̪]
- Rhymes: -on
- Syllabification: ba‧ron
Noun
editbarón (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜇᜓᜈ᜔)
- baron (title of nobility)
Turkish
editEtymology
editInherited from Ottoman Turkish بارون (baron), from French baron.[1]
Pronunciation
editNoun
editbaron (definite accusative baronu, plural baronlar)
Declension
editInflection | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Singular | Plural | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nominative | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dative | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Locative | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ablative | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Derived terms
editRelated terms
editReferences
edit- ^ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “baron”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
Further reading
edit- “baron”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
- Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “baron”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 472
Uzbek
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Russian барон (baron).
Noun
editbaron (plural baronlar)
Declension
editsingular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | baron | baronlar |
genitive | baronning | baronlarning |
dative | baronga | baronlarga |
definite accusative | baronni | baronlarni |
locative | baronda | baronlarda |
ablative | barondan | baronlardan |
- English terms derived from Late Latin
- English terms derived from Medieval Latin
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms derived from Old French
- English terms derived from Latin
- English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English 2-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- Rhymes:English/æɹən
- Rhymes:English/æɹən/2 syllables
- English terms with homophones
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English terms with quotations
- British English
- English prison slang
- en:Law
- English terms with obsolete senses
- English terms with collocations
- en:Nobility
- en:Limenitidine butterflies
- en:People
- English male equivalent nouns
- Azerbaijani terms derived from French
- Azerbaijani terms borrowed from Russian
- Azerbaijani terms derived from Russian
- Azerbaijani terms with IPA pronunciation
- Azerbaijani lemmas
- Azerbaijani nouns
- az:Nobility
- Danish terms derived from Old Norse
- Danish terms derived from Old French
- Danish lemmas
- Danish nouns
- Danish common-gender nouns
- da:Nobility
- Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch
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- Rhymes:Dutch/ɔn
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- Dutch lemmas
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- nl:Nobility
- Esperanto terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Esperanto/aron
- Esperanto non-lemma forms
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- French terms derived from Late Latin
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- French terms derived from Germanic languages
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- French terms inherited from Middle French
- French terms derived from Middle French
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- Rhymes:French/ɔ̃
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- fr:Nobility
- Indonesian terms derived from Middle Dutch
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- Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Indonesian/rɔn
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- Rhymes:Indonesian/ɔn
- Rhymes:Indonesian/ɔn/2 syllables
- Rhymes:Indonesian/n
- Rhymes:Indonesian/n/2 syllables
- Indonesian lemmas
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- Javanese non-lemma forms
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- Middle French terms inherited from Old French
- Middle French terms derived from Old French
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- Middle French nouns
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- Norman lemmas
- Norman nouns
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- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Proto-Germanic
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- Norwegian Bokmål lemmas
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- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Old Norse
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Old French
- Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas
- Norwegian Nynorsk nouns
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- Old Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Dutch lemmas
- Old Dutch verbs
- Old Dutch basic verbs
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- Old French terms derived from Late Latin
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- fro:Occupations
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- Old Spanish terms derived from Proto-Germanic
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- Old Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
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- Polish terms derived from Middle French
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- Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
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- Rhymes:Polish/arɔn
- Rhymes:Polish/arɔn/2 syllables
- Polish lemmas
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- pl:Male people
- pl:Nobility
- Romanian terms borrowed from French
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- Romanian lemmas
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- Romanian countable nouns
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- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Old French
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- Swedish terms borrowed from Old French
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- sv:Nobility
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- tr:Nobility
- Uzbek terms derived from French
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- uz:Nobility