consul

From Middle English consul, from Old English consul, from Latin cōnsul.

• (UK) enPR: kŏnʹsəl, IPA^(key): /ˈkɒn.səl/
• (General American) enPR: kŏnʹsəl, IPA^(key): /ˈkɑn.səl/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Audio (US):

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• Rhymes: -ɒnsəl
• Hyphenation: con‧sul

consul (plural consuls)

1. (historical) Either of the two heads of government and state of the Roman Republic or the equivalent nominal post under the Roman and Byzantine Empires.
2. (historical) Any of the three heads of government and state of France between 1799 and 1804.
3. (obsolete) A count or earl.
4. (obsolete or historical) A councillor, particularly:
   1. (historical) A member of early modern city councils in southern France and Catalonia.
   2. (historical) An officer of the trading and merchant companies of early modern England.
   3. (historical) An official in various early modern port and trading towns, elected by resident foreign merchants to settle disputes among themselves and to represent them to the local authorities.
5. (by extension) An official residing in major foreign towns to represent and protect the interests of the merchants and citizens of their country.
6. (obsolete) A high government official, generally either a coruler himself or a counsellor directly under the ruler.
   • c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act I, scene ii:

     Both we will raigne as Conſuls of the earth,
     And mightie kings ſhall be our Senators.

   • c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Othello, the Moore of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii], page 312, column 1:

     And many of the Conſuls, rais'd and met,
     Are at the Dukes already.

   • 1609, The Holie Bible, […] (Douay–Rheims Bible), Doway: Lavrence Kellam, […], →OCLC, Iob 3:14, page 1065:

     With kinges and conſules of the earth, which build themſelves ſolitarie places:

• (count): See count
• (councillor): See councillor
• (early modern councilmen of southern France and Catalonia): capitoul (Toulouse)
• (counsellor): See counsellor

• ambassador

• UNCLOS, clonus, cluons

From Middle Dutch consul, from Latin cōnsul.

• IPA^(key): /ˈkɔnzʏl/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: con‧sul

consul m (plural consuls)

1. consul (official in foreign country)
2. (historical) consul (of the Roman Republic)

• consulaat

• → Papiamentu: kònsùl

Borrowed from Latin cōnsul.

• IPA^(key): /kɔ̃.syl/

• Audio:

  (file)

consul m (plural consuls, feminine consule)

1. consul, in its various senses

• (early modern councilmen of southern France and Catalonia): échevin; capitoul (Toulouse)

• consulaire
• consulat

• → Romanian: consul
• → Thai: กงสุล (gong-sǔn)
• → Turkish: konsül

• “consul”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

• culons

• cōnsul., cos, COS

From earlier consol. Root noun to cōnsulō.

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈkon.sul/, [ˈkõːs̠ʊɫ̪]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈkon.sul/, [ˈkɔnsul]

cōnsul m (genitive cōnsulis); third declension

1. consul: either of the two highest-ranking officials of the Roman republic, elected annually
   • 63 BCE, Cicero, Catiline Orations‎^[1]:

     O tempora, o mores! Senatus haec intellegit, consul videt; hic tamen vivit. Vivit?

     "Shame on the age and on its principles! The senate is aware of these things; the consul sees them; and yet this man lives. Lives? "

2. a proconsul
3. the highest magistrate in other states
4. an epithet of the god Jupiter
5. (Medieval Latin) a municipal official.

Third-declension noun.

• “consul”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “consul”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• consul in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• consul in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to be chosen consul at the elections: comitiis consulem creari
    
  • to elect a consul: consulem creare
    
  • to declare a person consul-elect: aliquem consulem declarare (Leg. Agr. 2. 2. 4)
    
  • to officially proclaim (by the praeco, herald) a man elected consul; to return a man consul: aliquem consulem renuntiare (De Or. 2. 64. 260)
    
  • twice consul: bis consul
    
  • consul for the second, third time: iterum, tertium consul
    
  • consul for the sixth, seventh time: sextum (Pis. 9. 20), septimum consul
    
  • (ambiguous) the augurs announce an unfavourable sign: augures obnuntiant (consuli) (Phil. 2. 33. 83)
    
  • (ambiguous) let the consuls take measures for the protection of the state: videant or dent operam consules, ne quid res publica detrimenti capiat (Catil. 1. 2. 4)
    
  • (ambiguous) to go to Cilicia as pro-consul: pro consule in Ciliciam proficisci
    
• consul in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎^[3], pre-publication website, 2005-2016
• “consul”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
• “console” in: Alberto Nocentini, Alessandro Parenti, “l'Etimologico — Vocabolario della lingua italiana”, Le Monnier, 2010, →ISBN
• De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “consulo”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 131

• consoul

From Old English consul, from Latin cōnsul.

consul (plural consules)

1. Roman consul
2. governor

• English: consul
• Scots: consul

• “consol, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 25 November 2022.

From Latin cōnsul (“consul”).

consul m (plural consuls)

1. (Jersey) consul

• consulat (“consulate”)

From Latin cōnsul.

• IPA^(key): /ˈkon.sul/, [ˈkon.zul]

consul m (nominative plural consulas)

1. Roman consul

• Middle English: consul, consoul
  • English: consul
  • Scots: consul

• Angus Cameron, Ashley Crandell Amos, Antonette diPaolo Healey, editors (2018), “consul”, in Dictionary of Old English: A to I  ⁠‎^[4], Toronto: University of Toronto, →OCLC.

Borrowed from French consul.

consul m (plural consuli)

1. consul

• consule, consol

From Middle English consul, from Old English consul, from Latin cōnsul.

consul (plural consules)

1. consul (official residing in major foreign towns to represent and protect the interests of the merchants and citizens of their country)
2. Roman consul

• “consul”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC.