ing
English
editPronunciation
edit- (Received Pronunciation) enPR: ĭng; IPA(key): /ɪŋ/
- (General American) enPR: ēng; IPA(key): /i(ː)ŋ/
- Rhymes: -ɪŋ, -iŋ
Etymology 1
editFrom Middle English ing, ynge, enge, from Old English ing, *eng (“a meadow; ing”), from Proto-Germanic *angijō (“meadow”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énkos (“a bend; curve; bowl; hollow; dell; glen”), from *h₂enk- (“to bend; curve; bow”). Cognate with Scots eng (“ing; meadow”), Dutch eng (“pasture; farmland”), Danish eng (“meadow”), Swedish äng (“meadow; field”), Norwegian eng (“meadow”), Faroese ong (“grassland; meadow; pasture”), Icelandic eng (“a meadow”), Icelandic engi (“a meadow; meadowland”).
Noun
editing (plural ings)
- (now only in dialects) A meadow, especially a low meadow near a river; water meadow.
- Ings, glens, and fens of the Highlands.
- 1773, Journals of the House of Commons:
- Bill for dividing and inclosing certain open common fields, ings, common pastures, and other commonable lands.
- 1804, Marshall (William), On the Landed Property of England, possibly quoting an earlier work:
- [There] lay an extent of meadow grounds, in ings, to afford a supply of hay.
References
edit- OED 2nd edition 1989
Etymology 2
editFrom Pitman em and en, which it is related to phonetically and graphically, and the sound it represents. The change in vowel probably reflects the familiar suffix -ing.
Noun
editing (plural ings)
- The letter for the ng sound /ŋ/ in Pitman shorthand.
Related terms
edit- eng, the name of the IPA letter for this sound
See also
editAnagrams
editCebuano
editAlternative forms
edit- 'y — contraction, appended to the preceding word
Etymology
editCompare with Kapampangan ing, Tausug in.
Article
editing
- (archaic) indefinite direct marker for nouns other than personal names.
- Synonym: 'y — sense narrowed down
See also
editDirect | Indirect | Oblique | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Definite | Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | |||
Common | Singular | ang | ing†, 'y | sa, sang† | og | sa |
Plural | ang mga | ing mga†, 'y mga |
sa mga, sang mga† |
og mga | sa mga | |
Personal | Singular | si | ni | kang* | ||
Plural | sila ni, silang sa† |
nila ni, nilang na† |
(kan)ila ni*, (kan)ilang* ka† | |||
†Archaic *Indirect personal forms used instead in colloquial speech. |
Further reading
editChinese
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editAdverb
editing
References
editHungarian
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editUncertain. Perhaps borrowed from an Iranian language.[1]
Alternative forms
editNoun
editing (plural ingek)
Declension
editInflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | ing | ingek |
accusative | inget | ingeket |
dative | ingnek | ingeknek |
instrumental | inggel | ingekkel |
causal-final | ingért | ingekért |
translative | inggé | ingekké |
terminative | ingig | ingekig |
essive-formal | ingként | ingekként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | ingben | ingekben |
superessive | ingen | ingeken |
adessive | ingnél | ingeknél |
illative | ingbe | ingekbe |
sublative | ingre | ingekre |
allative | inghez | ingekhez |
elative | ingből | ingekből |
delative | ingről | ingekről |
ablative | ingtől | ingektől |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
ingé | ingeké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
ingéi | ingekéi |
Possessive forms of ing | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | ingem | ingeim |
2nd person sing. | inged | ingeid |
3rd person sing. | inge | ingei |
1st person plural | ingünk | ingeink |
2nd person plural | ingetek | ingeitek |
3rd person plural | ingük | ingeik |
Derived terms
editEtymology 2
editAn earlier form of the verb inog (“to wobble”).
Verb
editing
- (intransitive) to wobble
- (intransitive) to swing
Conjugation
editClick for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | ingok | ingsz | ing | ingunk | ingtok | ingnak | |
Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indef. | ingtam | ingtál | ingott | ingtunk | ingtatok | ingtak | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. ingni fog. | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | ingék | ingál | inga | ingánk | ingátok | ingának | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. ing vala, ingott vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | ingandok | ingandasz | ingand | ingandunk | ingandotok | ingandanak | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | ingnék | ingnál | ingna | ingnánk | ingnátok | ingnának | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. ingott volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | ingjak | ingj or ingjál |
ingjon | ingjunk | ingjatok | ingjanak | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. ingott légyen | ||||||||
Infinitive | ingni | ingnom | ingnod | ingnia | ingnunk | ingnotok | ingniuk | ||
Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
ingás | ingó | ingott | ― | ingva (ingván) | |||||
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | inghatok | inghatsz | inghat | inghatunk | inghattok | inghatnak | |
Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indef. | inghattam | inghattál | inghatott | inghattunk | inghattatok | inghattak | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | inghaték | inghatál | inghata | inghatánk | inghatátok | inghatának | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. inghat vala, inghatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | inghatandok or ingandhatok |
inghatandasz or ingandhatsz |
inghatand or ingandhat |
inghatandunk or ingandhatunk |
inghatandotok or ingandhattok |
inghatandanak or ingandhatnak | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | inghatnék | inghatnál | inghatna | inghatnánk | inghatnátok | inghatnának | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. inghatott volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | inghassak | inghass or inghassál |
inghasson | inghassunk | inghassatok | inghassanak | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. inghatott légyen | ||||||||
Inf. | (inghatni) | (inghatnom) | (inghatnod) | (inghatnia) | (inghatnunk) | (inghatnotok) | (inghatniuk) | ||
Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (inghatva / inghatván) | ||||
or
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | ingok | ingasz | ing | ingunk | ingotok | inganak | |
Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indef. | ingottam | ingottál | ingott | ingottunk | ingottatok | ingottak | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. ingani fog. | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | ingék | ingál | inga | ingánk | ingátok | ingának | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. ing vala, ingott vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | ingandok | ingandasz | ingand | ingandunk | ingandotok | ingandanak | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | inganék | inganál | ingana | inganánk | inganátok | inganának | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. ingott volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | ingjak | ingj or ingjál |
ingjon | ingjunk | ingjatok | ingjanak | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. ingott légyen | ||||||||
Infinitive | ingani | inganom | inganod | ingania | inganunk | inganotok | inganiuk | ||
Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
ingás | ingó | ingott | ― | ingva (ingván) | |||||
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | inghatok | inghatsz | inghat | inghatunk | inghattok | inghatnak | |
Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indef. | inghattam | inghattál | inghatott | inghattunk | inghattatok | inghattak | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | inghaték | inghatál | inghata | inghatánk | inghatátok | inghatának | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. inghat vala, inghatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | inghatandok or ingandhatok |
inghatandasz or ingandhatsz |
inghatand or ingandhat |
inghatandunk or ingandhatunk |
inghatandotok or ingandhattok |
inghatandanak or ingandhatnak | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | inghatnék | inghatnál | inghatna | inghatnánk | inghatnátok | inghatnának | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. inghatott volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | inghassak | inghass or inghassál |
inghasson | inghassunk | inghassatok | inghassanak | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. inghatott légyen | ||||||||
Inf. | (inghatni) | (inghatnom) | (inghatnod) | (inghatnia) | (inghatnunk) | (inghatnotok) | (inghatniuk) | ||
Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (inghatva / inghatván) | ||||
Synonyms
edit- (wobble): inog
Derived terms
edit(With verbal prefixes):
References
edit- ^ ing in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading
edit- (shirt): ing in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- (to wobble): ing in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Javanese
editPreposition
editing
Jirajara
editNoun
editing
References
edit- Luis Oramas, Materiales para el estudio de los dialectos Ayamán, Gayón, Jirajara, Ajagua (1916)
Khumi Chin
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Kuki-Chin *ʔim, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kim (“house, womb”). Cognate to Burmese အိမ် (im) and S'gaw Karen ဟံၣ် (heè).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editing
Derived terms
editReferences
edit- R. Shafer (1944) “Khimi Grammar and Vocabulary”, in Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, volume 11, number 2, page 418
- K. E. Herr (2011) The phonological interpretation of minor syllables, applied to Lemi Chin[1], Payap University, page 46
Old English
editEtymology
editApparently borrowed from Old Norse eng or possibly inherited directly from Proto-Germanic *angijō.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editing f (nominative plural inga or inge)
Declension
editTernate
editEtymology
editFrom the older ingi, with word-final vowel deletion.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editing
- Alternative form of ingi
References
edit- Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh
Tok Pisin
editEtymology
editNoun
editing
Yola
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom Middle English ine, in, i, from Old English in, from Proto-Germanic *in.
Pronunciation
editPreposition
editing
- in
- 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 84:
- Yerstey w'had a baree, gist ing oor hoane,
- Yesterday we had a goal just in our hand.
- 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 7, page 86:
- Th' heiftem o' pley vell all ing to lug;
- The weight of the play fell into the hollow;
- 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 11, page 88:
- An broughet ee stell, ing a emothee knaghane.
- And broke the handle in a pismire-hill.
- 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 12, page 88:
- Licke a mope an a mile, he gazt ing a mize;
- Like a fool in a mill, he looked in amazement;
- 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 12, page 88:
- Oore joys all ee-smort ing a emothee knaghane.
- Our joys are all smothered in a pismire-hill.
- 1867, “DR. RUSSELL ON THE INHABITANTS AND DIALECT OF THE BARONY OF FORTH”, in APPENDIX, page 131:
- Wathere proceeds to tell that the game was “was jist ing our hone”
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
References
edit- Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 48
- English 1-syllable words
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- Rhymes:English/ɪŋ
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