ketchup
English
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editUncertain, but probably ultimately from Hokkien 膎汁 (kê-chiap, “fish sauce”) via Malay kicap, though the precise path is unclear – there are related words in various Chinese languages, and it may have entered English directly from Hokkien Chinese. Cognate to Indonesian kecap, ketjap (“soy sauce”). Various other theories exist – see Ketchup: Etymology for extended discussion.
First appeared in English in the late 17th century in reference to a Southeast Asian sauce encountered by British traders and sailors. The Oxford English Dictionary notes that it was commonly used in the 18th century to refer to a variety of similar sauces with varying ingredients—"anchovies, mushrooms, walnuts, and oysters being particularly popular"—but by the late 19th century the current tomato ketchup became the most popular form.[1]
Catsup (earlier catchup) is an alternative Anglicization, still in use in the U.S.
Pronunciation
edit- IPA(key): /ˈkɛt͡ʃ.əp/, /ˈkɛt͡ʃ.ʌp/
Audio (US): (file) Audio (Canada): (file) - Homophone: catch-up (one pronunciation)
Noun
editketchup (countable and uncountable, plural ketchups)
- (uncountable, chiefly US, Canada, UK) Ellipsis of tomato ketchup. A tomato-vinegar-based sauce, sometimes containing spices, onion or garlic, and (especially in the US) sweeteners.
- Synonym: tomato catsup
- Hypernyms: tomato sauce, red ketchup, red catsup
- tomato ketchup
- This diner serves ketchup in red bottles, and mustard in yellow ones.
- (countable, now rare) Such a sauce more generally (not necessarily based on tomatoes, but with mushrooms, fish, etc.). This is the older meaning.
- Hyponyms: tomato ketchup, tomato catsup, fruit ketchup, fruit catsup, corn ketchup, corn catsup, green ketchup, green catsup, yellow ketchup, yellow catsup
- 1883, Cassell's Dictionary of Cookery, page lxxxiii:
- The bottles, however, were port bottles, but contained mushroom ketchup; […]
- 2003, Inns and Bed and Breakfasts in Quebec 2003, Ulysses Travel Guides, page 46:
- To accompany meat, we prepare fruit ketchups and rhubarb chutney.
Usage notes
editThe spelling ketchup became significantly preferred in the United States due to the popularity of the Heinz brand, which shortly after its introduction in 1876 switched from catsup to this spelling to distinguish itself from competitors. Other major brands, such as Hunt, subsequently followed, with Del Monte only switching to ketchup in 1988.[2]
This condiment is more commonly and somewhat ambiguously called tomato sauce outside of North America and the United Kingdom. In South Africa, the word ketchup is not generally understood.
Hypernyms
editCoordinate terms
edit- black pepper
- chili sauce
- chowchow
- cucumber relish
- green relish
- ground black pepper
- ground pepper
- malt vinegar
- mayonnaise
- mustard
- mustard sauce
- pepper
- prepared mustard
- prepared mustard sauce
- prepared yellow mustard
- prepared yellow mustard sauce
- relish
- salt
- siracha
- sweet green relish
- sweet relish
- table salt
- vinegar
- white vinegar
- yellow mustard
- yellow mustard sauce
Derived terms
editDescendants
edit- → Arabic: كَتْشَب (katšab)
- → Belarusian: кетчуп (kjetčup)
- → Bulgarian: кетчуп (ketčup)
- → Cantonese: 茄汁 (ke4-2 zap1)
- → Catalan: quètxup
- → Czech: kečup
- → Danish: ketchup
- → Dutch: ketchup
- → Finnish: ketsuppi
- → French: ketchup
- → German: Ketchup, Catchup (obsolete); Ketschup (superseded)
- → Lower Sorbian: ketšup
- → Greek: κέτσαπ (kétsap)
- → Hebrew: קֶטְשׁוֹפּ (ketshop)
- → Hokkien: 茄汁 (kiô-chap) (Singapore)
- → Hungarian: ketchup
- → Irish: citseap
- → Japanese: ケチャップ (kechappu)
- → Korean: 케첩 (kecheop)
- → Marshallese: kōjjeb
- → Persian: کچاپ (kečâp)
- → Polish: keczup, ketchup
- → Portuguese: ketchup
- → Romanian: ketchup
- → Russian: кетчуп (ketčup)
- → Armenian: կետչուպ (ketčʻup)
- → Serbo-Croatian:
- → Spanish: ketchup, kétchup
- → Swedish: ketchup
- → Tagalog: ketsap
- → Thai: เค็ตชัป (két-chàp)
- → Turkish: ketçap
- → Ukrainian: кетчуп (ketčup)
- → Uzbek: ketchup
- → Welsh: cetsyp
- → Yiddish: קעטשאָפּ (ketshop)
Translations
edit
|
Verb
editketchup (third-person singular simple present ketchups, present participle ketchupping, simple past and past participle ketchupped)
- (transitive) To cover with ketchup.
- 1867, John Maddison Morton, Aunt Charlotte's maid: a farce in one act:
- It strikes me she's "ketchupped" the lot! I won't touch a morsel!
- 1973, Horizon, page 15:
- "Well," said Chuck, ketchupping his hamburger, "I'd rather do without King Lear than put up with the human agony it sprang out of. I'd rather not have the Eroica than have the big bloody conqueror it tries to immortalize."
- 2009, David Silverman, Twinkle, page 4:
- Their fellow diners, like their ketchupped grub, were appropriately dashed and splattered with paint and plaster, reading their Suns and Daily Mirror.
References
edit- ^ "Ketchup", Oxford English Dictionary (online edition, 2020).
- ^ “Is There a Difference Between Ketchup and Catsup?”, Slate, Aisha Harris, April 22, 2013
- Douglas Harper (2001–2024) “ketchup”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
Danish
editEtymology
editFrom English ketchup, from Malay kicap, from Hokkien 膎汁 (kê-chiap).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editketchup c (singular definite ketchuppen, plural indefinite ketchupper)
- (uncountable) ketchup (a tomate sauce with vinegar)
- (countable) ketchup (a particular brand or type of ketchup)
Declension
editcommon gender |
Singular | Plural | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | ketchup | ketchuppen | ketchupper | ketchupperne |
genitive | ketchups | ketchuppens | ketchuppers | ketchuppernes |
Dutch
editEtymology
editBorrowed from English ketchup, from Malay kicap, from Hokkien 膎汁 (kê-chiap). Doublet of ketjap.
Pronunciation
editAudio: (file)
Noun
editketchup m (plural ketchups, diminutive ketchupje n)
- ketchup
- Synonym: tomatenketchup
Derived terms
editFrench
editEtymology
editBorrowed from English ketchup, from Malay kicap, from Hokkien 膎汁 (kê-chiap).
Pronunciation
edit- (France) IPA(key): /kɛt.ʃœp/
Audio (France): (file) - (France, Quebec) IPA(key): /kɛt.ʃɔp/
Audio (Quebec): (file)
Noun
editketchup m (plural ketchups)
Further reading
edit- “ketchup”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Polish
editEtymology
editUnadapted borrowing from English ketchup, from Malay kicap, from Hokkien 膎汁 (kê-chiap, “fish sauce”).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editketchup m inan
- Alternative spelling of keczup
Declension
editsingular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | ketchup | ketchupy |
genitive | ketchupu | ketchupów |
dative | ketchupowi | ketchupom |
accusative | ketchup | ketchupy |
instrumental | ketchupem | ketchupami |
locative | ketchupie | ketchupach |
vocative | ketchupie | ketchupy |
Further reading
editPortuguese
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editUnadapted borrowing from English ketchup.
Pronunciation
edit
Noun
editketchup m (plural ketchups)
- (uncountable) ketchup (tomato-vinegar based sauce)
Quotations
editFor quotations using this term, see Citations:ketchup.
References
edit“ketchup”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2024
Romanian
editEtymology
editUnadapted borrowing from English ketchup.
Noun
editketchup n (uncountable)
Declension
editsingular | ||
---|---|---|
n gender | indefinite articulation | definite articulation |
nominative/accusative | (un) ketchup | ketchupul |
genitive/dative | (unui) ketchup | ketchupului |
vocative | ketchupule |
Serbo-Croatian
editNoun
editketchup m (Cyrillic spelling кетцхуп)
- Alternative form of kečap
Spanish
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editUnadapted borrowing from English ketchup, from Malay kicap, from Hokkien 膎汁 (kê-chiap).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editketchup m (plural ketchups)
Swedish
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editNoun
editketchup c
- ketchup
- senap och ketchup
- ketchup and mustard ["senap och ketchup" feels more idiomatic than "mustard and ketchup" does in English, for some reason]
Usage notes
editPopular and uncontroversial pasta condiment in Sweden.
Declension
editDeclension of ketchup | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Uncountable | ||||
Indefinite | Definite | |||
Nominative | ketchup | ketchupen | — | — |
Genitive | ketchups | ketchupens | — | — |
Derived terms
edit- ketchupflaska (“a bottle of ketchup”)
- tomatketchup (“tomato ketchup”)
See also
edit- makaroner
- köttfärssås
- senap (“mustard”)
- spaghetti
- tomat
References
editWest Frisian
editEtymology
editNoun
editketchup c (no plural)
- English terms with unknown etymologies
- English terms derived from Hokkien
- English terms borrowed from Malay
- English terms derived from Malay
- English 2-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- English terms with homophones
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English uncountable nouns
- English countable nouns
- American English
- Canadian English
- British English
- English ellipses
- English terms with usage examples
- English terms with rare senses
- English terms with quotations
- English verbs
- English transitive verbs
- en:Condiments
- en:Sauces
- Danish terms borrowed from English
- Danish terms derived from English
- Danish terms derived from Malay
- Danish terms derived from Hokkien
- Danish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Danish lemmas
- Danish nouns
- Danish terms spelled with C
- Danish common-gender nouns
- Danish uncountable nouns
- Danish countable nouns
- Dutch terms borrowed from English
- Dutch terms derived from English
- Dutch terms derived from Malay
- Dutch terms derived from Hokkien
- Dutch doublets
- Dutch terms with audio links
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch nouns
- Dutch nouns with plural in -s
- Dutch masculine nouns
- nl:Condiments
- nl:Sauces
- French terms borrowed from English
- French terms derived from English
- French terms derived from Malay
- French terms derived from Hokkien
- French 2-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio links
- French lemmas
- French nouns
- French countable nouns
- French terms spelled with K
- French masculine nouns
- fr:Condiments
- Polish terms borrowed from English
- Polish unadapted borrowings from English
- Polish terms derived from English
- Polish terms derived from Malay
- Polish terms derived from Hokkien
- Polish 2-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Polish/ɛt͡ʂup
- Rhymes:Polish/ɛt͡ʂup/2 syllables
- Polish lemmas
- Polish nouns
- Polish masculine nouns
- Polish inanimate nouns
- pl:Condiments
- pl:Sauces
- pl:Standards of identity
- Portuguese terms borrowed from English
- Portuguese unadapted borrowings from English
- Portuguese terms derived from English
- Portuguese 3-syllable words
- Portuguese 4-syllable words
- Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese nouns
- Portuguese countable nouns
- Portuguese terms spelled with K
- Portuguese masculine nouns
- Portuguese uncountable nouns
- Romanian terms borrowed from English
- Romanian unadapted borrowings from English
- Romanian terms derived from English
- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian nouns
- Romanian uncountable nouns
- Romanian terms spelled with K
- Romanian neuter nouns
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian nouns
- Serbo-Croatian masculine nouns
- sh:Condiments
- Spanish terms borrowed from English
- Spanish unadapted borrowings from English
- Spanish terms derived from English
- Spanish terms derived from Malay
- Spanish terms derived from Hokkien
- Spanish 2-syllable words
- Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Spanish/up
- Rhymes:Spanish/up/2 syllables
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish nouns
- Spanish countable nouns
- Spanish terms spelled with K
- Spanish masculine nouns
- es:Sauces
- Swedish terms borrowed from English
- Swedish terms derived from English
- Swedish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish nouns
- Swedish common-gender nouns
- Swedish terms with usage examples
- West Frisian terms borrowed from English
- West Frisian terms derived from English
- West Frisian lemmas
- West Frisian nouns
- West Frisian common-gender nouns
- fy:Condiments