rast
Albanian
editEtymology
editFrom Ottoman Turkish.
Noun
editrast m (plural raste, definite rasti, definite plural rastet)
Declension
editGerman
editEtymology 1
editPronunciation
editVerb
editrast
- inflection of rasen:
Etymology 2
editPronunciation
editVerb
editrast
Latvian
editEtymology
editThis word is the reflex of two different Proto-Indo-European forms: *wer-d-, *wr-ed- (“to bend, to sway”) and *werdʰ-, *wr-edʰ-, *h₃erdʰ- (“to grow; high”), both from the stem *wer- (“to bend, to turn”).[1] Both forms yielded Proto-Baltic *red-, *rad-, from which *rad-ti > *rasti > rast. The present tense form was derived with an extra n: *randuo > *ruodu > rodu; cf. dialectal variants ronu, romu. From the meaning “to bend, to sway” came “to raise, to obtain (by bending down to get it)” > “to obtain, to get, to find.” From the meaning “to grow” came not only the meanings of the Lithuanian reflexive form, but also those of Latvian related forms like raža (“harvest”), rasma (“fecundity”), radīt (“to create”), radi (“relatives”) and the 18th-century adjective rastīgs (“fertile, successful”). This semantic diversity also explains the divergent meanings of the derived prefixed verbs (atrast (“to find; to lose a habit, a skill”), ierast parast, pierast (“to get used to”), etc.). Cognates include Lithuanian ràsti (“to find, to obain by searching; to notice; to determine, to establish; to happen, to be”), reflexive ràstis (“to grow quickly, strongly; to give birth; to rise, to get up; to become; to happen; to come, to arrive; to get somewhere”); from *werd- (“to bend, to sway”), also Gothic 𐍅𐍂𐌰𐍄𐍉 (wratō, “to go, to travel”), Icelandic rata (“to travel, to find one's way”), Middle High German razzeln (“to turn”); from *werdʰ (“to grow”), Old Church Slavonic расти (rasti, “to grow”), Russian расти́ (rastí), Polish róść, Sanskrit वर्धति (várdhati), वृधति (vr̥dháti, “to grow, to increase”), Ancient Greek ὀρθός (orthós, “straight, upright”) (and perhaps also, from a possible variant form *Herdʰ, *Hredʰ-, Latin arduus (“lofty, high”), arbor (“tree”)).[2]
Pronunciation
editVerb
editrast (transitive, 1st conjugation, present rodu, rodi, rod, past radu)
- to find (to cause by searching that something (desirable, necessary) be present, in use, or in one's possession)
- rast jaunu dzimteni ― to find a new homeland
- nerast nekur mieru ― to not find peace anywhere
- rast kopīgu valodu ― to find a common language (= to communicate)
- mīļa, mīļa tēva sēta, kur mīļaku vietu rast! ― dear, dear father's (= home) ranch, where to find a favorite place!
- to find (to discover via research)
- institūta laboratorijās rastas jaunas sveķu izmantošanas iespējas ― in the laboratories of the institute new possibilities of use for resin (were) found
- to find (to choose, e.g., the right word, in one's thoughts)
- kā lai vārdus rod? ― how does one find the (right) words?
- to find, to receive (e.g., help, understanding, from others)
- kur rast atbalstu? draugos? ― where to find support? with (lit. in) friends?
- viņš rod ierosmi dabā ― he finds inspiration in nature
- viņa gribētu rast apstiprinājumu ― she would like to find approval
- to find, to start (e.g., a state, a situation, a relationship)
- rast draudzību ― to find friendship
- komponista sirsnība un vienkāršība palīdzēja rast ciešu kontaktu ar publiku ― the composer's sincerity and simplicity helped him find, achieve chose contact with the audience
- to find (to be such that a certain mental state is caused)
- rast spēkus, mierinājumu, prieku ― to find strength, comfort, joy
- rast prieku darbā ― to find joy in work
- cik sevi vēros, vairāk sāpes radu ― the more I observe myself, the more I find pain
- (in the past active participle form radis) accustomed, used to
- viņš nebija radis daudz domāt, tāpēc jutās noguris ― he wasn't used to thinking a lot, so he felt tired
- meitene pie grūta darba nav radusi ― the girl wasn't used to hard work
- (rare, in the past passive participle form rasts) usual, well-known
- uz ciemu īstenībā ved ne viens vien ceļš, bet tā ir rasts un iegājies, ka tos citus vairs neizmanto ― in fact more than one road leads to the village, but it is well known tradition that the others are no longer used
Conjugation
editINDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme) | IMPERATIVE (pavēles izteiksme) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Present (tagadne) |
Past (pagātne) |
Future (nākotne) | |||
1st pers. sg. | es | rodu | radu | radīšu | — |
2nd pers. sg. | tu | rodi | radi | radīsi | rodi |
3rd pers. sg. | viņš, viņa | rod | rada | radīs | lai rod |
1st pers. pl. | mēs | rodam | radām | radīsim | radīsim |
2nd pers. pl. | jūs | rodat | radāt | radīsiet, radīsit |
rodiet |
3rd pers. pl. | viņi, viņas | rod | rada | radīs | lai rod |
RENARRATIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme) | PARTICIPLES (divdabji) | ||||
Present | rodot | Present Active 1 (Adj.) | rodošs | ||
Past | esot radis | Present Active 2 (Adv.) | razdams | ||
Future | radīšot | Present Active 3 (Adv.) | rodot | ||
Imperative | lai rodot | Present Active 4 (Obj.) | rodam | ||
CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme) | Past Active | radis | |||
Present | rastu | Present Passive | rodams | ||
Past | būtu radis | Past Passive | rasts | ||
DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme) | NOMINAL FORMS | ||||
Indicative | (būt) jārod | Infinitive (nenoteiksme) | rast | ||
Conjunctive 1 | esot jārod | Negative Infinitive | nerast | ||
Conjunctive 2 | jārodot | Verbal noun | rašana |
Derived terms
edit- prefixed verbs:
- other derived terms:
Related terms
editReferences
edit- ^ There is some doubt about the correctness of this Proto-Indo-European form. The Lexikon der Indogermanischen Verben (ref.?) proposes *redh- (“to appear, to arise”) as the source for this verb.
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “rast”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
Northern Kurdish
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Iranian *Hraštáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hraštás, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵtós (“having moved in a straight line”), from *h₃reǵ- (“to straighten, direct”). Cognate with English right.
Pronunciation
editAdjective
editrast
Norwegian Bokmål
editVerb
editrast
- past participle of rase
Romanian
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Old Church Slavonic растъ (rastŭ).
Noun
editrast n (uncountable)
Declension
editSerbo-Croatian
editEtymology
editInherited from Proto-Slavic *orstъ.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editrȃst m (Cyrillic spelling ра̑ст)
Declension
editRelated terms
editReferences
edit- “rast” in Hrvatski jezični portal
Slovene
editEtymology
editInherited from Proto-Slavic *orstъ.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editrȃst f
Inflection
editFeminine, i-stem, long mixed accent | ||
---|---|---|
nominative | rást | |
genitive | rastí | |
singular | ||
nominative (imenovȃlnik) |
rást | |
genitive (rodȋlnik) |
rastí | |
dative (dajȃlnik) |
rásti | |
accusative (tožȋlnik) |
rást | |
locative (mẹ̑stnik) |
rásti | |
instrumental (orọ̑dnik) |
rastjó |
Related terms
editFurther reading
edit- “rast”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
Swedish
editEtymology
editFrom Old Norse rǫst, from Proto-Germanic *rastō, *rastijō (“rest”), from Proto-Indo-European *ros-, *res-, *erH- (“rest”).
Noun
editrast c
- (countable or uncountable) a break (rest or pause, usually from work)
- Nu tar vi rast
- Let's take a break
- (countable or uncountable) recess, break, breaktime (between classes in school)
- Hur lång är rasten?
- How long is recess?
Declension
editDeclension of rast | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | rast | rasten | raster | rasterna |
Genitive | rasts | rastens | rasters | rasternas |
Related terms
editSee also
edit- lov (longer break, like summer break)
References
edit- rast in Svensk ordbok (SO)
- rast in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
- rast in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
Anagrams
editTat
editEtymology
editCognate with Persian راست (rāst).
Adjective
editrast
- right (dexter)
Turkish
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editNoun
editrast (definite accusative rastı, plural rastlar)
Declension
editInflection | ||
---|---|---|
Nominative | rast | |
Definite accusative | rastı | |
Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | rast | rastlar |
Definite accusative | rastı | rastları |
Dative | rasta | rastlara |
Locative | rastta | rastlarda |
Ablative | rasttan | rastlardan |
Genitive | rastın | rastların |
See also
edit- Latvian etymologies from LEV
- Albanian lemmas
- Albanian nouns
- Albanian masculine nouns
- German 1-syllable words
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German non-lemma forms
- German verb forms
- German colloquialisms
- Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latvian terms derived from Proto-Baltic
- Latvian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latvian transitive verbs
- Latvian lemmas
- Latvian verbs
- Latvian terms with usage examples
- Latvian first conjugation verbs
- Latvian first conjugation verbs in -t
- Latvian a/o/a-s/d type first conjugation verbs
- Latvian first conjugation verbs in -zt or -st
- Northern Kurdish terms inherited from Proto-Iranian
- Northern Kurdish terms derived from Proto-Iranian
- Northern Kurdish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Northern Kurdish terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Northern Kurdish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Northern Kurdish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Northern Kurdish 1-syllable words
- Northern Kurdish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Northern Kurdish lemmas
- Northern Kurdish adjectives
- Norwegian Bokmål non-lemma forms
- Norwegian Bokmål verb forms
- Romanian terms borrowed from Old Church Slavonic
- Romanian terms derived from Old Church Slavonic
- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian nouns
- Romanian uncountable nouns
- Romanian neuter nouns
- Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian nouns
- Serbo-Croatian masculine nouns
- Serbo-Croatian uncountable nouns
- Slovene terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Slovene terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Slovene 1-syllable words
- Slovene terms with IPA pronunciation
- Slovene lemmas
- Slovene nouns
- Slovene feminine nouns
- Slovene feminine i-stem nouns
- Slovene feminine i-stem nouns with long mixed accent
- Swedish terms derived from Old Norse
- Swedish terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Swedish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish nouns
- Swedish common-gender nouns
- Swedish countable nouns
- Swedish uncountable nouns
- Swedish terms with usage examples
- Tat lemmas
- Tat adjectives
- Turkish terms derived from Persian
- Turkish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Turkish/ɑst
- Turkish lemmas
- Turkish nouns
- Turkish dated terms