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List of Cyrillic multigraphs

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The following multigraphs are used in the Cyrillic script. The palatalized consonants of Russian and other languages written as C-⟨ь⟩ are mostly predictable and therefore not included here unless they are irregular. Likewise, in the languages of the Caucasus, there are numerous other predictable multigraphs that are not included. These include doubled letters (or whole digraphs) that indicate 'tense' ('strong') consonants and long vowels; sequences with ⟨в⟩, ⟨у⟩, ⟨ә⟩ for labialized consonants; and sequences with ӏ or ⟨ъ⟩ for ejective consonants or pharyngealized consonants and vowels. Tatar also has discontinuous digraphs. See Cyrillic digraphs for examples.

А

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аа:

ааӏ:

ан:

аь:

аӏ:

В

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вь:

Г

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гв:

гг:

гу:

гў:

гъ:

гъв:

гъу:

гъь:

гъӏ:

гъӏв:

гь:

гә:

гӏ:

гӏв:

Ӷ

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ӷь:

ӷә:

Д

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дж

джв

джь

дз

дзу:

дч:

дь:

дә:

Е

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ее

ееӏ

еӏ

Ё

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ён:

ёь:

Ж

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жв

жд:

  • Russian: usually not a digraph, and pronounced [ʐd] (palatalized to [ʐdʲ] before ⟨ь⟩ and palatalizing vowels). However, in the word дождь ("rain") and its derivatives, the conservative Moscow pronunciation uses the sound [ʑː] (devoiced to [ɕː] in the nominative singular of дождь). The unpalatalized pronunciation [ʐː] in these words (unlike words with жж or зж) is uncommon and considered nonstandard.

жж:

  • Russian: usually not a digraph, and pronounced [ʐː]. However, the conservative Moscow pronunciation uses the sound [ʑː] (though this is becoming increasingly outdated).[1]

жч:

жъ:

жъу:

жь:

жә:

З

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зв :

зж

  • Russian: [ʐː] (regular) or [ʑː] (conservative Moscow pronunciation) (though this is a predictable effect of assimilation, and therefore not a true digraph)

зч:

Ӡ

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ӡә:

И

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ии :

ииӏ :

ий:

иӏ :

Й

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йх:

К

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кв:

кк:

ккв:

ккх:

ккъ:

ккъӏ:

ккъӏв:

ку:

кх:

Trigraph Кхъ

кхъ

кхъу

къ:

къв:

къу:

къь:

къӏ:

къӏв:

кь:

кьв:

кә:

кӏ:

кӏв:

кӏкӏ:

кӏу:

кӏь:

кʼ:

Қ

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қь:

қә:

Ҟ

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ҟь:

ҟә:

Ӄ

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ӄʼ:

Л

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ллъ:

ллъв:

лх:

лъ:

лъв:

лълъ:

ль:

лӏ :

лӏв :

Н

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нг: нг:

нъ:

нь:

Ң

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ңв:

О

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ов:

ое:

он:

оо :

ооӏ :

оь:

оӏ :

П

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пп

пъ:

пӏ :

пӏу :

пʼ:

Р

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рх:

рхӏ:

С

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св:

сж:

сс:

сщ:

Т

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тв :

тл :

тт:

тч:

тш:

тъ:

тә:

тӏ:

тӏв :

тӏу:

тʼ:

Ҭ

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ҭә:

У

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ув:

уо:

уу :

ууӏ :

уь:

уьй:

уӏ :

Ү

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үй:

Ф

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фф:

фӏ:

Х

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хв:

ху:

хх:

ххв:

ххьӏ:

ххьӏв:

хъ:

хъв:

хъу:

хъӏ:

хъӏв:

хь:

хьв:

хьхь:

хьӏ:

хьӏв:

хә:

хӏ:

хӏв:

Ҳ

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ҳә:

Ц

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цв :

цз:

цу:

цц:

ццӏ:

цъ:

цә:

цӏ:

цӏв :

цӏцӏ:

Ҵ

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ҵә:

Ч

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чв:

чж:

чч:

чъ:

чӏ:

чӏв:

чӏчӏ:

чʼ:

Џ

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џь:

Ш

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шв:

шч:

шъ:

шъу:

шь:

шә:

шӏ:

шӏу:

Щ

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щв:

щӏ:

Ы

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ыӏ:

Э

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эй:

эр:

ээ:

ээӏ:

эӏ:

Ю

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юй:

юь:

Я

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ян:

яь:

ӏ

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ӏу:

ӏь:

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Yanushevskaya, Irena; Bunčić, Daniel (2015), "Russian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 45 (2): 224, doi:10.1017/S0025100314000395