Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
Order of Merit of the Italian Republic Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana | |
---|---|
![]() Emblem of the order | |
Awarded by the Italian Republic | |
Type | Order of merit |
Established | 3 March 1951 |
Country | Italy |
Eligibility | Civilian and military divisions |
Criteria | Meritorious service or achievement |
Status | Currently constituted |
Founder | Luigi Einaudi |
Grand Master | President of the Republic |
Grades |
|
Post-nominals | OMRI |
Website | www |
Precedence | |
Next (higher) | None |
Next (lower) | Military Order of Italy |
![]() Ribbon of the order |
The Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (Italian: Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana) is the most senior Italian order of merit. It was established in 1951 by the second President of the Italian Republic, Luigi Einaudi.[1]
The highest-ranking honour of the Republic, it is awarded for "merit acquired by the nation" in the fields of literature, the arts, economy, public service, and social, philanthropic and humanitarian activities and for long and conspicuous service in civilian and military careers. The post-nominal letters for the order are OMRI.[2]
The order effectively replaced national orders such as the Civil Order of Savoy (1831), the Order of the Crown of Italy (1868), the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus (1572) and the Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation (1362).[note 1]
Grades
[edit]Investiture takes place twice a year – on 2 June, the anniversary of the foundation of the Republic, and on 27 December, the anniversary of the promulgation of the Italian Constitution. However, those awards on Presidential motu proprio, related to termination of service or granted to foreigners, may be made at any time.
The badge, modified in 2001, bears the inscription Al Merito della Repubblica encircling the national coat of arms on the obverse and the Latin Patriæ Unitati (for the union of the country) and Civium Libertati (for the liberty of the citizens) encircling the head of Italia turrita on the reverse.[4] The six degrees with corresponding ribbons are as follows (with numbers to 2 June 2020):
The order is bestowed by decree of the President of the Italian Republic, as head of the orders of knighthood, on the recommendation of the President of the Council of Ministers. Except in exceptional circumstances, no one can be awarded for the first time a rank higher than Knight. The minimum age requirement is normally 35.
The Knight Grand Cross with Collar is awarded only to heads of state.
Recipients
[edit]Grand Cross with Collar
[edit]- Presidency of Luigi Einaudi (12 May 1948 – 11 May 1955):[5]
Date | Recipient |
---|---|
28 December 1952 | ![]() |
11 March 1953 | ![]() |
30 May 1953 | ![]() |
16 July 1953 | ![]() |
6 October 1953 | ![]() |
16 November 1953 | ![]() |
31 December 1953 | ![]() |
13 February 1954 | ![]() |
31 July 1954 | ![]() |
6 September 1954 | ![]() |
17 November 1954 | ![]() |
6 December 1954 | ![]() |
12 February 1955 | ![]() |
- Presidency of Giovanni Gronchi (11 May 1955 – 11 May 1962):[5]
Date | Recipient |
---|---|
11 May 1955 | ![]() |
21 October 1955 | ![]() |
16 January 1956 | ![]() |
5 June 1956 | ![]() |
20 September 1956 | ![]() |
15 November 1956 | ![]() |
18 January 1957 | ![]() |
6 March 1957 | ![]() |
11 March 1957 | ![]() |
13 May 1957 | ![]() |
11 June 1957 | ![]() |
26 August 1957 | ![]() |
1 October 1957 | ![]() |
9 May 1958 | ![]() |
16 June 1959 | ![]() |
11 June 1960 | ![]() |
8 September 1960 | ![]() |
22 September 1960 | ![]() |
29 November 1960 | ![]() |
6 April 1961 | ![]() |
- Presidency of Antonio Segni (11 May 1962 – 6 December 1964):[5]
Date | Recipient |
---|---|
25 May 1962 | ![]() |
2 October 1962 | ![]() |
8 October 1962 | ![]() |
27 November 1962 | ![]() |
25 September 1963 | ![]() |
2 October 1963 | ![]() |
20 April 1964 | ![]() |
18 June 1964 | ![]() |
- Presidency of Giuseppe Saragat (29 December 1964 – 29 December 1971):[5]
Date | Recipient |
---|---|
16 June 1965 | ![]() |
20 June 1965 | ![]() |
21 June 1965 | ![]() |
2 July 1965 | ![]() |
8 August 1965 | ![]() |
8 September 1965 | ![]() |
![]() | |
![]() | |
21 October 1965 | ![]() |
11 June 1966 | ![]() |
14 June 1966 | ![]() |
28 November 1966 | ![]() |
8 August 1969 | ![]() |
2 October 1969 | ![]() |
- Presidency of Giovanni Leone (29 December 1971 – 15 June 1978):[5]
Date | Recipient |
---|---|
30 December 1971 | ![]() |
23 November 1972 | ![]() |
21 March 1973 | ![]() |
8 May 1973 | ![]() |
21 May 1973 | ![]() |
8 June 1973 | ![]() |
1 October 1973 | ![]() |
23 October 1973 | ![]() |
![]() | |
26 October 1973 | ![]() |
21 November 1973 | ![]() |
8 February 1974 | ![]() |
22 April 1974 | ![]() |
15 December 1974 | ![]() |
![]() | |
6 April 1976 | ![]() |
17 November 1976 | ![]() |
8 November 1977 | ![]() |
29 April 1978 | ![]() |
- Presidency of Sandro Pertini (9 July 1978 – 29 June 1985):[5]
Date | Recipient |
---|---|
18 September 1979 | ![]() |
14 May 1980 | ![]() |
26 May 1980 | ![]() |
18 November 1980 | ![]() |
17 December 1980 | ![]() |
30 March 1981 | ![]() |
![]() | |
1 April 1981 | ![]() |
14 October 1981 | ![]() |
30 January 1982 | ![]() |
9 March 1982 | ![]() |
5 July 1982 | ![]() |
26 November 1983 | ![]() |
20 June 1984 | ![]() |
11 March 1985 | ![]() |
27 March 1985 | ![]() |
![]() |
- Presidency of Francesco Cossiga (3 July 1985 – 28 April 1992):[5]
Date | Recipient |
---|---|
24 April 1986 | ![]() |
25 July 1986 | ![]() |
5 October 1987 | ![]() |
6 June 1988 | ![]() |
16 June 1988 | ![]() |
5 April 1989 | ![]() |
12 May 1989 | ![]() |
22 May 1990 | ![]() |
11 June 1990 | ![]() |
![]() | |
8 April 1991 | ![]() |
17 April 1991 | ![]() |
15 July 1991 | ![]() |
18 September 1991 | ![]() |
19 December 1991 | ![]() |
28 April 1992 | ![]() |
- Presidency of Oscar Luigi Scalfaro (25 May 1992 – 15 May 1999):[5]
Date | Recipient |
---|---|
5 October 1992 | ![]() |
27 January 1993 | ![]() |
14 September 1993 | ![]() |
3 May 1995 | ![]() |
24 June 1995 | ![]() |
29 June 1995 | ![]() |
19 July 1995 | ![]() |
21 July 1995 | ![]() |
16 November 1995 | ![]() |
26 March 1996 | ![]() |
23 April 1996 | ![]() |
28 May 1996 | ![]() |
7 October 1996 | ![]() |
28 January 1997 | ![]() |
20 April 1997 | ![]() |
2 May 1997 | ![]() |
4 May 1997 | ![]() |
20 May 1997 | ![]() |
21 May 1997 | ![]() |
22 May 1997 | ![]() |
19 July 1997 | ![]() |
5 November 1997 | ![]() |
13 November 1997 | ![]() |
3 March 1998 | ![]() |
![]() | |
12 April 1998 | ![]() |
12 May 1998 | ![]() |
19 January 1999 | ![]() |
19 February 1999 | ![]() |
23 February 1999 | ![]() |
- Presidency of Carlo Azeglio Ciampi (18 May 1999 – 15 May 2006):[5]
Date | Recipient |
---|---|
21 October 1999 | ![]() |
15 November 1999 | ![]() |
2 March 2000 | ![]() |
3 March 2000 | ![]() |
11 April 2000 | ![]() |
26 April 2000 | ![]() |
23 January 2001 | ![]() |
9 February 2001 | ![]() |
7 March 2001 | ![]() |
![]() | |
19 October 2001 | ![]() |
27 November 2001 | ![]() |
14 January 2002 | ![]() |
6 March 2002 | ![]() |
11 March 2002 | ![]() |
![]() | |
22 March 2002 | ![]() |
27 March 2002 | ![]() |
17 June 2002 | ![]() |
28 June 2002 | ![]() |
4 December 2002 | ![]() |
14 March 2003 | ![]() |
9 June 2003 | ![]() |
16 January 2004 | ![]() |
8 April 2004 | ![]() |
![]() | |
5 April 2005 | ![]() |
11 May 2005 | ![]() |
12 December 2005 | ![]() |
18 January 2006 | ![]() |
15 March 2006 | ![]() |
- Presidency of Giorgio Napolitano (15 May 2006 – 14 January 2015):[5]
Date | Recipient |
---|---|
11 October 2006 | ![]() |
20 February 2007 | ![]() |
8 June 2007 | ![]() |
9 October 2007 | ![]() |
30 October 2007 | ![]() |
1 September 2008 | ![]() |
14 October 2008 | ![]() |
27 October 2008 | ![]() |
2 September 2009 | ![]() |
30 October 2009 | ![]() |
11 March 2010 | ![]() Revoked by the President of the Republic on 28 September 2012 for "indignity"[17] |
25 April 2010 | ![]() |
26 April 2010 | ![]() |
11 January 2011 | ![]() |
6 July 2011 | ![]() |
7 September 2011 | ![]() |
10 June 2012 | ![]() |
15 November 2012 | ![]() |
20 February 2013 | ![]() |
4 March 2014 | ![]() |
5 May 2014 | ![]() |
4 June 2014 | ![]() |
![]() |
- Presidency of Sergio Mattarella (3 February 2015–incumbent):
Date | Recipient |
---|---|
23 November 2015 | ![]() |
11 March 2016 | ![]() |
30 May 2016 | ![]() |
21 June 2016 | ![]() |
4 August 2016 | ![]() |
23 January 2017 | ![]() |
2 May 2017 | ![]() |
19 June 2017 | ![]() |
7 September 2017 | ![]() |
18 September 2017 | ![]() |
29 November 2017 | ![]() |
5 June 2018 | ![]() |
22 June 2018 | ![]() |
26 June 2018 | ![]() |
12 July 2018 | ![]() |
25 July 2018 | ![]() |
27 June 2019 | ![]() |
17 September 2019 | ![]() |
6 October 2020 | ![]() |
16 June 2021 | ![]() |
![]() | |
1 July 2021 | ![]() |
25 October 2021 | ![]() |
![]() | |
3 November 2021 | ![]() |
1 June 2022 | ![]() |
12 January 2023 | ![]() |
13 April 2023 | ![]() |
19 May 2023 | ![]() |
5 June 2023 | ![]() |
7 October 2023 | ![]() |
21 November 2023 | ![]() |
6 December 2023 | ![]() |
![]() | |
26 February 2024 | ![]() |
18 March 2024 | ![]() |
17 April 2024 | ![]() |
Wearer's guide
[edit]-
Wearer's guide for each grade (1951–2001)
-
Wearer's guide for each grade (since 2001)
Gallery
[edit]-
Comparison of the pre-2001 (at left) and the post-2001 (at right) badges of the Order
-
All grades of the Order (pre-2001)
-
Five grades of the Order
-
The pre-2001 grades of the Order
-
Knight, Officer, Commander, Grand Officer and Grand Cross grades
-
Knights and Officer Classes of the Order
-
Knight 5th Class and Officer 4th Class grades
-
Sets of the Knight and Officer classes
-
Commander 3rd Class of the Order
-
Commander set in case
-
3rd Class set of the Order
-
Bestowal document of a Grand Officer grade with the insignia
-
Grand Officer set of insignia with the bestowal document
-
Grand Cross set of insignia
-
The Grand Cross grade of the Order in case of issue
-
Collar of the Order (pre-2001)
See also
[edit]- Orders, decorations, and medals of Italy
- Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
- Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation
Notes
[edit]- ^ Today, these continue merely as dynastic orders of the former Royal House of Savoy. Whilst their bestowal is suppressed by law in Italy, the continued use of those decorations conferred prior to 1951 is permitted, exclusive of any right of precedence in official ceremonies.[3]
References
[edit]- ^ Sainty, Guy Stair. World Orders of Knighthood and Merit (pp. 1233–4). Buckingham: Burke's Peerage and Gentry, 2006.
- ^ The linguist: Journal of the Institute of Linguists, Volumes 42–44 Institute of Linguists (Great Britain). Institute of Linguists, 2003, pg. 121
- ^ LEGGE 3 marzo 1951, n. 178 Istituzione dell'Ordine "Al Merito della Repubblica Italiana" e disciplina del conferimento e dell'uso delle onorificenze (Gazzetta Ufficiale 30 marzo 1951, n. 73)
- ^ By Decree of the President of the Republic No. 173 of 30 March 2001
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Le onorificenze della Repubblica Italiana". President of Italy.
- ^ Italian Presidency website, KUFUOR John Agyekum Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, GASPAROVIC Ivan Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, FISCHER Heinz Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, BACHELET JERIA Verónica Michelle decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, BIN ABDUL AZIZ AL SAUD Abdallah decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, HALONEN Tarja Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, SLEIMAN Michel Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, FESTING Matthew Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, LEE Myung-bak Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, S.E. Abdullah Gul – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, Al-Assad S.E. Bashar Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ ATTO CAMERA INTERROGAZIONE A RISPOSTA SCRITTA 4/17085 Banchedati.camera.it (in Italian)
- ^ Italian Presidency website, S.E. George Abela – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, AL-AHMAD AL-JABER AL-SABAH Sabah Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, S.E. Danilo Türk – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, S.E. Ivo Josipovic – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, S.E. Traian Basescu – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, S.E. Bronislaw Komorowski – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, S.E. François Hollande – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, Gauck S.E. Joachim – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, S.E. Bujar Nishani – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, Pahor S.E. Borut – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, Beccari S.E. Luca – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, Ciavatta S.E. Valeria – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ "Le onorificenze della Repubblica Italiana". quirinale.it.
- ^ Italian Presidency website, Biya S.E. Paul – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, Iohannis S.E. Klaus Werner – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, Peña Nieto S.E. Enrique – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, Plevneliev S.E. Rosen – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, Essebsi S.E. Sig. Béji Caïd – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, Macri S.E. Mauricio – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, S.M. Willem Alexander Claus George van Oranje-Nassau – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website,Coleiro Preca S.E. Marie-Louise – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website,Niinistö S.E. Sauli – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website,S.E. Marcelo Nuno Duarte – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website,Kalijulaid S.E. la Signora Kersti Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website,Grybauskaitè Sig.ra Dalia Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website,Vejonis S.E. Sig. Raimonds Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website,Aliyev S.E. Ilham Heydar Oglu Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website,Sarkissian S.E. Sig. Armen Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website,Van der Bellen S.E. Sig. Alexander Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website,Steinmeier S.E. Frank-Walter – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website,Sakellaropoulou S.E. Katerina – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, Nicolini S.E. Marco – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, Venturini S.E. Gian Carlo – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, Macron S.E.Emmanuel – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, S.M. Felipe VI Re di Spagna – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, S.M. Filippo Re dei Belgi – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, Tebboune S.E. Abdelmadjid – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, Zourabichvili S.E. Salome – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, Benítez S.E. Mario Abdo – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, Duda S.E. Andrzej – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, Lourenço S.E. João – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ Italian Presidency website, Rashid S.E. Abdul Latif – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ https://www.quirinale.it/elementi/102025#&gid=1&pid=11/ [bare URL]
- ^ Italian Presidency website, DUNLAP John Timothy Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ https://www.quirinale.it/elementi/103615#&gid=1&pid=7/ [bare URL]
- ^ https://www.pio.gov.cy/en/gallery.html?galAlbum=5674#gallery-28/ [bare URL]
- ^ Italian Presidency website,VELLA S.E. George William – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
- ^ https://www.quirinale.it/elementi/110838#&gid=1&pid=2/ [bare URL]
External links
[edit]![](http://178.128.105.246/cars-http-upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana – Presidenza della Repubblica (in Italian)
- Ordini dinastici della Real Casa di Savoia (in Italian)