Ambo University

Dem found Ambo University for 11 May 2011 by government proclamation (Council of Ministers 212/2011). Ebe non-profit public higher education institution. De Ministry of Education recognize de varsity as coeducational Ethiopian higher education institution. Originally de varsity ein foundation trace back insyd 1947, wey e cam turn de oldest higher educational institution wer basic education begin by few French engineers wey dey construct building. Languages dem teach for dat period limit to Amharic, Mathematics, French, etc, wey na there be four Ethiopian den four French teachers.^[2]

Ambo envisage make e surpass academics, research den community services qualification make e accede higher education standard. Ambo currently get 75 graduate, 71 undergraduate programs, 10 PhD programs den 4 speciality programs plus nine colleges/institutes/schools den academic departments. For addition, Ambo expand ein branch go Awaro, Guder den Waliso.^[2]

ArticlePDF Available The Climate Engineers

   January 2007
   The Wilson Quarterly (1976-) 31(2)

   31(2)

Authors: James Rodger Fleming at Colby College James Rodger Fleming

   Colby College

Download full-text PDFRead full-text Download citation Citations (62) Abstract Beyond the security checkpoint at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Ames Research Center at the southern end of San Francisco Bay, a small group gathered in November for a conference on the innocuous topic of "managing solar radiation." The real subject was much bigger: how to save the planet from the effects of global warming. There was little talk among the two dozen scientists and other specialists about carbon taxes, alternative energy sources, or the other usual remedies. Many of the scientists were impatient with such schemes. Some were simply contemptuous of calls for international cooperation and the policies and lifestyle changes needed to curb greenhouse-gas emissions; others had concluded that the world's politicians and bureaucrats are not up to the job of agreeing on such reforms or that global warming will come more rapidly, and with more catastrophic consequences, than many models predict. Now, they believe, it is time to consider radical measures: a technological quick fix for global warming. "Mitigation is not happening and is not going to happen," physicist Lowell Wood declared at the NASA conference. Wood, the star of the gathering, spent four decades at the University of California's Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, where he served as one of the Pentagon's chief weapon designers and threat analysts. (He reportedly enjoys the "Dr. Evil" nickname bestowed by his critics.) The time has come, he said, for "an intelligent elimination of undesired heat from the biosphere by technical ways and means," which, he asserted, could be achieved for a tiny fraction of the cost of "the bureaucratic suppression of CO 2 ." His engineering approach, he boasted, would provide "instant climatic gratification." Wood advanced several ideas to "fix" the earth's climate, including building up Arctic sea ice to make it function like a planetary air conditioner to "suck heat in from the midlatitude heat bath." A "surprisingly practical" way of achieving this, he said, would be to use large artillery pieces to shoot as much as a million tons of highly reflective sulfate aerosols or specially engineered nanoparticles into the Arctic stratosphere to deflect the sun's rays. Delivering up to a million tons of material via artillery would require a constant bombardment—basically declaring war on the stratosphere. Alternatively, a fleet of B-747 "crop dusters" could deliver the particles by flying continuously around the Arctic Circle. Or a 25-kilometer-long sky hose could be tethered to a military superblimp high above the planet's surface to pump reflective particles into the atmosphere. ResearchGate Logo

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Join for free Content uploaded by James Rodger Fleming Author content Content may be subject to copyright. ... But while the aims of Project Skywater became more modest, private and military efforts to control weather continued. Perhaps the most infamous attempt to weaponize weather was the US Military's Operation POPEYE (1967)(1968)(1969)(1970)(1971)(1972) that undertook extensive seeding of the tops of very cold clouds in Laos, Vietnam and Cambodia with lead and silver iodide to extend summer monsoon rains to influence the outcome of the Vietnam War (Fleming 2007;Harper 2008). The American Weather Service covertly undertook 2,600 cloud seeding sorties and deployed over 47,000 silver iodide flares into the atmosphere (ibid). ... ... Of course, it is difficult to target weather and so this intervention affected American camps as well. POPEYE was not the first time that the USA weaponized weather in SE Asia; the CIA were subsequently found responsible for trying to weaponize weather through cloud-seeding to suppress protests in south Vietnam by Buddhist monks in 1963 (Fleming 2007). Cloud seeding operations in SE Asia only ceased after being exposed by the New York Times in 1972 (Harper 2008 3 The Convention, however, also specified that these techniques could be used for peaceful purposes to benefit humanity, which is why weather modification techniques are still being tested and applied in many countries, especially as droughts intensify in many regions of the world. ... Airspace in the Anthropocene Article Full-text available

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   Anson W MackayAnson W Mackay

View ... Los primeros intentos de alterar los patrones meteorológicos comenzaron a finales del siglo XIX, pero no aparecieron en el escenario público hasta la década de 1950 en los EEUU, cuando el estado se interesó en llevarlos a cabo a través de programas vinculados a las tecnociencias atmosféricas de la Big Science, llegando a convertirse en una línea central en las agendas de investigación (Harper, 2017). Muchos de los proyectos estuvieron ligados a la producción de lluvia artificial, como el proyecto desarrollado durante la década de los 50 en la empresa estadounidense General Electric Research Laboratory (Fleming, 2007). Un grupo de trabajadores descubrió que la generación de nubes sobre-enfriadas con químicos presentaba una estructura cristalográfica similar al hielo que provoca las precipitaciones, lo que indujo la práctica de la "siembra de nubes". ... ... Por supuesto, estas maniobras estaban encaminadas a aumentar la producción del estado e incrementar su capacidad de acción militar (Zikeev y Doumani,1967;Shaw, 2015). Una estrategia que impulsaron tanto la Unión Soviética como los Estados Unidos y que desembocó en una "guerra climatológica" por el dominio del planeta (Fleming, 2007). ... Technoscientific Futures: New Challenges in Solar Geoengineering Article Full-text available

   Mar 2021

   José Luis Granados MateoJosé Luis Granados Mateo

View ... For example, sea level rise alone will cause anywhere between $1 trillion and $3.5 trillion in damages to coastal property by the end of the century. 28 In this new world, the United States must provide for its domestic base and respond to disasters in its heartland while also continuing to maintain a global system of free trade and delivery of resources like security guarantees, cheap goods, and international leadership. The United States may have the resources to deal with the former, but ignoring the latter means essentially ceding its role as a global leader. ... Rising Temperatures, Rising Tensions: Climate Change and Power Transition Theory Article

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   Anthony Rodin

View ... Political conflict can cascade to affect SAI deployment and its impacts. Previous studies have made a compelling case that the direct weaponisation of SAI is unlikely (Fleming, 2007;Olson, 2011;Horton and Reynolds, 2016;Lin, 2016;Halstead, 2018). High impact uncertainties, management difficulty, low precision, and preferable alternative weaponry make SAI an unappealing instrument in state arsenals. ... A Fate Worse Than Warming? Stratospheric Aerosol Injection and Global Catastrophic Risk Article Full-text available

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   Aaron TangAaron Tang
   Luke KempLuke Kemp

View ... Not any longer. When projects for control systems become reality, science fiction gives way to engineering (Fleming 2007). Among the harmful phenomena capable of producing catastrophic events, two particularly dangerous ones are deserving of mention: earthquakes and tsunamis. ... The Magic Ring in Action: Organizations Chapter

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View Open Scientific Letter to the World Health Organisation's Executive Board Article Full-text available

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View “In Deep Water: Confronting the Climate and Water Crises” (2015), in The Secure and the Dispossessed: How the Military and Corporations are Shaping a Climate-Changed World, edited by Nick Buxton and Ben Hayes, Pluto Press. Chapter

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View The Governance of Solar Geoengineering: Managing Climate Change in the Anthropocene Book

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View Bibliography Chapter

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1. ↑ "Ambo University Establishment Council of Ministers Regulation No. 212/2011". Federal Negarit Gazeta of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. 11 May 2011. Retrieved 30 July 2017.
2. ↑ ^{2.0 2.1} "SchChat - School | Ambo University". www.schchat.com. Retrieved 26 September 2022.