Miniatur Persia
Miniatur Persia adalah sebuah lukisan kecil di atas kertas, yang menjadi sebuah ilustrasi buku atau karya seni lepas yang disimpan dalam sebuah album yang berisi karya-karya semacam itu yang disebut muraqqa. Tekniknya sebanding dengan tradisi miniatur Barat dan Bizantium dalam naskah beriluminasi. Meskipun mirip dengan tradisi lukisan dinding Persia, penyajian miniatur tersebut memiliki kualitas yang lebih baik, dan miniatur merupakan bentuk lukisan Persia paling dikenal di dunia Barat, dan beberapa contoh paling berpengaruhnya disimpan di museum-museum Barat atau Turki. Lukisan miniatur menjadi genre Persia signifikan pada abad ke-13, mendapatkan pengaruh Tionghoa setelah penaklukan Mongol, dan tradisi tersebut mencapai puncaknya pada abad ke-15 dan ke-16. Tradisi tersebut berlanjut, di bawah beberapa pengaruhBarat, setelah masa tersebut, dan mendapatkan beberapa pengaruh modern. Miniatur Persia menjadi pengaruh dominan bagi tradisi miniatur Islam lainnya, terutama miniatur Utsmaniyah di Turki, dan miniatur Mughal di anak benua India.
![](http://178.128.105.246/cars-http-upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Behzad_advice_ascetic.jpg/300px-Behzad_advice_ascetic.jpg)
Seni rupa Persia di bawah pengaruh Islam tak pernah secara bulat melarang penggambaran manusia, dan dalam tradisi miniatur tersebut, penggambaran semacam itu sering kali berjumlah besar dan merupakan hal utama.
Referensi
sunting- Brend, Barbara. Islamic art, Harvard University Press, 1991, ISBN 0-674-46866-X, 9780674468665
- Canby, Sheila R. (ed) (2009). Shah Abbas; The Remaking of Iran, 2009, British Museum Press, ISBN 978-0-7141-2452-0
- Canby, Sheila R. (1993), Persian Painting, 1993, British Museum Press, ISBN 978-0-7141-1459-0
- Crill, Rosemary, and Jarilwala, Kapil. The Indian Portrait: 1560-1860, 2010, National Portrait Gallery Publications, ISBN 1-85514-409-3, 978 1855144095
- ("Gray 1930") Gray, Basil, Persian Painting, Ernest Benn, London, 1930
- ("Gray 1976") Gray, Basil, and others in Jones, Dalu & Michell, George, (eds); The Arts of Islam, Arts Council of Great Britain, 1976, ISBN 0-7287-0081-6
- Gruber, Christiane, Representations of the Prophet Muhammad in Islamic painting, in Gulru Necipoglu, Karen Leal eds., Muqarnas, Volume 26, 2009, BRILL, ISBN 90-04-17589-X, 9789004175891, google books
- Meri, Josef W. Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia, 2005, Psychology Press, ISBN 0-415-96690-6
- Rawson, Jessica, Chinese Ornament: The Lotus and the Dragon, 1984, British Museum Publications, ISBN 0-7141-1431-6
- "OAO", Sims, Eleanor, and others. Oxford Art Online (subscription required), Islamic art, §III, 4: Painted book illustration (v) c 1250–c 1500, and (vi) c 1500–c 1900, accessed Jan 21, 2011
- Roxburgh, David J. 2000. The Study of Painting and the Arts of the Book, in Muqarnas, XVII, BRILL.
- Thackston, Wheeler McIntosh. Album prefaces and other documents on the history of calligraphers and painters, Volume 10 of Studies and sources in Islamic art and architecture: Supplements to Muqarnas, BRILL, 2001, ISBN 90-04-11961-2, ISBN 978-90-04-11961-1
- Titley, Norah M. Persian Miniature Painting, and Its Influence on the Art of Turkey and India: the British Library collections, 1983, University of Texas Press, ISBN 0-292-76484-7
- Welch, Stuart Cary. Royal Persian Manuscripts, Thames & Hudson, 1976, ISBN 0-500-27074-0
Bacaan tambahan
sunting- Grabar, Oleg, Mostly Miniatures: An Introduction to Persian Painting, 2001, Princeton University Press, ISBN 0-691-04999-8, ISBN 978-0-691-04999-1
- Hillenbrand, Robert. Shahnama: the visual language of the Persian book of kings, Ashgate Publishing, 2004, ISBN 0-7546-3367-5, ISBN 978-0-7546-3367-9
- Robinson, B. W., Islamic painting and the arts of the book, London, Faber and Faber, 1976
- Robinson, B. W., Persian paintings in the India Office Library, a descriptive catalogue, London, Sotheby Parke Bernet, 1976
- Schmitz, Barbara, and Desai, Ziyaud-Din A. Mughal and Persian paintings and illustrated manuscripts in the Raza Library, Rampur, 2006, Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts, ISBN 81-7305-278-6
- "Iranica", Welch, Stuart Cary, and others, Art in Iran:vii. Islamic pre-Safavid, ix. Safavid to Qajar Periods, in Encyclopædia Iranica (online, accessed January 27, 2011)
- Swietochowski, Marie Lukens & Babaie, Sussan (1989). Persian drawings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. ISBN 0870995642.
- Welch, S.C. (1972). A king's book of kings: the Shah-nameh of Shah Tahmasp. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. ISBN 9780870990281.
- Swietochowski, Marie & Carboni, Stefano (1994). Illustrated poetry and epic images : Persian painting of the 1330s and 1340s. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Pranala luar
sunting- The Shahnameh Project Diarsipkan 2017-10-28 di Wayback Machine., Cambridge University - huge database of miniatures
- A brief history of Persian Miniature by Katy Kianush. Iran Chamber Society
- Chester Beatty Library Image Gallery mixed Islamic images
- Video on Behzad from the Asia Society, US
- Freer Gallery of Art, Smithsonian Diarsipkan 2007-08-10 di Wayback Machine.