Auto-organização
Auto-organização, também chamada de ordem espontânea nas ciências sociais, é um processo em que alguma forma de ordem geral surge de interações locais entre partes de um sistema inicialmente desordenado. O processo pode ser espontâneo quando há energia suficiente disponível, não necessitando de controle por nenhum agente externo. Muitas vezes é desencadeada por flutuações aparentemente aleatórias, amplificadas por feedback positivo. A organização resultante é totalmente descentralizada, distribuída por todos os componentes do sistema. Como tal, a organização é tipicamente robusta e capaz de sobreviver ou autorreparar perturbações substanciais.A teoria do caos discute a auto-organização em termos de ilhas de previsibilidade em um mar de imprevisibilidade caótica.
![](http://178.128.105.246/cars-http-upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Nb3O7%28OH%29_self-organization2.jpg/330px-Nb3O7%28OH%29_self-organization2.jpg)
A auto-organização ocorre em muitos sistemas físicos, químicos, biológicos, robóticos e cognitivos. Exemplos de auto-organização incluem cristalização, convecção térmica de fluidos, oscilação química, enxame de animais, circuitos neurais e mercados negros.
Referências
- ↑ Betzler, S. B.; Wisnet, A.; Breitbach, B.; Mitterbauer, C.; Weickert, J.; Schmidt-Mende, L.; Scheu, C. (2014). «Template-free synthesis of novel, highly-ordered 3D hierarchical Nb3O7(OH) superstructures with semiconductive and photoactive properties» (PDF). Journal of Materials Chemistry A. 2 (30): 12005. doi:10.1039/C4TA02202E
Bibliografia
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- Per Bak (1996), How Nature Works: The Science of Self-Organized Criticality, Copernicus Books.
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- Mark Buchanan (2002), Nexus: Small Worlds and the Groundbreaking Theory of Networks W. W. Norton & Company.
- Scott Camazine, Jean-Louis Deneubourg, Nigel R. Franks, James Sneyd, Guy Theraulaz, & Eric Bonabeau (2001) Self-Organization in Biological Systems, Princeton Univ Press.
- Falko Dressler (2007), Self-Organization in Sensor and Actor Networks, Wiley & Sons.
- Manfred Eigen and Peter Schuster (1979), The Hypercycle: A principle of natural self-organization, Springer.
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- Stuart Kauffman (1993), Origins of Order: Self-Organization and Selection in Evolution Oxford University Press.
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- Alex Kentsis (2004), Self-organization of biological systems: Protein folding and supramolecular assembly, Ph.D. Thesis, New York University.
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- Paul Krugman (1996), The Self-Organizing Economy, Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
- Elizabeth McMillan (2004) "Complexity, Organizations and Change".
- Marshall, A (2002) The Unity of Nature, Imperial College Press: London (esp. chapter 5)
- Müller, J.-A., Lemke, F. (2000), Self-Organizing Data Mining.
- Gregoire Nicolis and Ilya Prigogine (1977) Self-Organization in Non-Equilibrium Systems, Wiley.
- Heinz Pagels (1988), The Dreams of Reason: The Computer and the Rise of the Sciences of Complexity, Simon & Schuster.
- Gordon Pask (1961), The cybernetics of evolutionary processes and of self organizing systems, 3rd. International Congress on Cybernetics, Namur, Association Internationale de Cybernetique.
- Christian Prehofer ea. (2005), "Self-Organization in Communication Networks: Principles and Design Paradigms", in: IEEE Communications Magazine, July 2005.
- Mitchell Resnick (1994), Turtles, Termites and Traffic Jams: Explorations in Massively Parallel Microworlds, Complex Adaptive Systems series, MIT Press.}}ISBN?}}
- Lee Smolin (1997), The Life of the Cosmos Oxford University Press.
- Ricard V. Solé and Brian C. Goodwin (2001), Signs of Life: How Complexity Pervades Biology], Basic Books.
- Ricard V. Solé and Jordi Bascompte (2006), in Complex Ecosystems, Princeton U. Press
- Soodak, Harry; Iberall, Arthur (1978). «Homeokinetics: A Physical Science for Complex Systems». Science. 201 (4356): 579–582. Bibcode:1978Sci...201..579S. PMID 17794110. doi:10.1126/science.201.4356.579
- Steven Strogatz (2004), Sync: The Emerging Science of Spontaneous Order, Thesis.
- D'Arcy Thompson (1917), On Growth and Form, Cambridge University Press, 1992 Dover Publications edition.
- J. Tkac, J Kroc (2017), Cellular Automaton Simulation of Dynamic Recrystallization: Introduction into Self-Organization and Emergence "(open source software)" "Video – Simulation of DRX"
- Tom De Wolf, Tom Holvoet (2005), Emergence Versus Self-Organisation: Different Concepts but Promising When Combined, In Engineering Self Organising Systems: Methodologies and Applications, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, volume 3464, pp. 1–15.
- K. Yee (2003), "Ownership and Trade from Evolutionary Games", International Review of Law and Economics, 23.2, 183–197.
- Louise B. Young (2002), The Unfinished Universe[Falta ISBN]
Ligações externas
editar- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen
- PDF file on self-organized common law with references
- An entry on self-organization at the Principia Cybernetica site
- The Science of Self-organization and Adaptivity, a review paper by Francis Heylighen
- The Self-Organizing Systems (SOS) FAQby Chris Lucas, from the USENET newsgroup
comp.theory.self-org.sys
- David Griffeath, Primordial Soup Kitchen(graphics, papers)
- nlin.AO, nonlinear preprint archive, (electronic preprints in adaptation and self-organizing systems)
- «Structure and Dynamics of Organic Nanostructures». Arquivado em abril 21, 2016, no Wayback Machine
- «Metal organic coordination networks of oligopyridines and Cu on graphite». Arquivado em junho 11, 2016, no Wayback Machine
- Selforganization in complex networksThe Complex Systems Lab, Barcelona
- Computational Mechanics Groupat the Santa Fe Institute
- "Organisation must grow" (1939)W. Ross Ashby journal p. 759, from The W. Ross Ashby Digital Archive
- «Cosma Shalizi's notebook on self-organization from 2003-06-20». , used under the GFDL with permission from author.
- Connectivism:SelfOrganization
- UCLA Human Complex Systems Program
- "Interactions of Actors (IA), Theory and Some Applications" 1993Gordon Pask's theory of learning, evolution and self-organization (in draft).
- The Cybernetics Society
- Scott Camazine's webpage on self-organization in biological systems
- Mikhail Prokopenko's page on Information-driven Self-organisation (IDSO)
- Lakeside Labs Self-Organizing Networked SystemsA platform for science and technology, Klagenfurt, Austria.
- Watch 32 discordant metronomes synch up all by themselvestheatlantic.com