對流層頂
外观
(重定向自对流层顶)
定義
[编辑]![](http://178.128.105.246/cars-http-upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Earth_Atmosphere.svg/220px-Earth_Atmosphere.svg.png)
![](http://178.128.105.246/cars-http-upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Jetcrosssection.jpg/220px-Jetcrosssection.jpg)
对流层顶是指气温不再随高度而变冷,而且几乎不含水蒸汽。世界气象组织正式定义为:
上述定义指出,大气垂直温度梯度的不连续性。[2]
位置
[编辑]赤道的对流层平均高度17km,而极区的对流层平均高度9km。[3][4]对流层的气温垂直递减率平均为6.5°C每千米。[5]:112 在平流层,气温随高度增加而增加。
民航班机一般飞行在平流层的底层,以避免云的影响。[5]:21
参考文献
[编辑]- ^ International Meteorological Vocabulary 2nd. Geneva: Secretariat of the World Meteorological Organization. 1992: 636. ISBN 92-63-02182-1.
- ^ Panchev, Stoǐcho. Waves and instabilities in the atmosphere. Dynamic meteorology. D. Reidel Publishing Company. 1985: 129 [1981]. ISBN 90-277-1744-3.
- ^ Hoinka, K. P. Temperature, Humidity, and Wind at the Global Tropopause. Monthly Weather Review (American Meteorological Society). 1999, 127: 2248 – 2265. Bibcode:1999MWRv..127.2248H. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1999)127<2248:THAWAT>2.0.CO;2.
- ^ Gettelman, A.; Salby, M. L.; Sassi, F. Distribution and influence of convection in the tropical tropopause region. Journal of Geophysical Research (American Geophysical Union). 2002, 107. Bibcode:2002JGRD..107.4080G. doi:10.1029/2001JD001048.
- ^ 5.0 5.1 Petty, Grant W. A First Course in Atmospheric Thermodynamics. Madison, WI: Sundog Publishing. 2008. ISBN 978-0-9729033-2-5.
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