السنة
|
الاسم
|
المجال
|
سبب المنح[2]
|
1900 |
Alfred Newton |
علم الطيور |
"For his eminent contributions to the science of ornithology and the geographical distribution of animals."
|
Percy Alexander MacMahon |
الرياضيات |
"For the number and range of his contributions to mathematical science"
|
1901 |
وليام إدوارد ايرتون |
Electrical engineering |
"For his contributions to electrical science."
|
ويليام توماس بلانفورد |
الجيولوجيا |
"For his work in connection with the geographical distribution of animals"
|
1902 |
إدوارد ألبرت شاربي شافر |
Neurology |
"For his researches into the functions and minute structure of the Central Nervous System, especially with regard to the motor and sensory functions of the cortex of the brain."
|
هوراس لامب |
رياضيات تطبيقية |
"For his investigations in mathematical physics."
|
1903 |
ديفيد جيل |
Astronomy |
"For his researches in solar and stellar parallax, and his energetic direction of the Royal Observatory at the Cape of Good Hope."
|
هوراس تابيرير براون |
الكيمياء |
"For his work on the chemistry of the carbohydrates and on the assimilation of carbonic acid by green plants."
|
1904 |
ديفيد بروس |
علم الأحياء الدقيقة |
"For his valuable researches in the pathology of Malta fever, nagana, and sleeping sickness, and especially for his discoveries as regards the exact causes of these diseases."
|
ويليام برنسايد |
الرياضيات |
"For his researches in mathematics, particularly in the theory of groups."
|
1905 |
تشارلز شرينغتون |
Neurophysiology |
"For his researches on the Central Nervous System especially in relation to reflex action."
|
جون هنري بوينتنج |
الفيزياء |
" For his researches in physical science, especially in connection with the constant of gravitation and the theories of electrodynamics and radiation."
|
1906 |
ألفريد جورج غرينهيل |
الرياضيات |
"For his contributions to mathematics, especially the elliptic functions and their applications."
|
دوكينفيلد هنري سكوت |
علم النبات |
"For his investigations and discoveries in connection with the structure and relationship of fossil plants."
|
1907 |
Ernest William Hobson |
الرياضيات |
"On the ground of his investigations in mathematics."
|
Ramsay Heatley Traquair |
التاريخ الطبيعي |
"On the ground of his discoveries relating to fossil fishes."
|
1908 |
هنري هيد |
Neurology |
"On the ground of his researches on the relations between the visceral & somatic nerves and on the functions of the different nerves."
|
John Milne |
الجيولوجيا |
"On the ground of his work in seismology."
|
1909 |
أغوستوس إدوارد هوف لوف |
الرياضيات |
"On the ground of his researches in the theory of elasticity and cognate subjects."
|
رونالد روس |
الطب |
"On the ground of his researches in connection with malaria."
|
1910 |
فريدريك أوربن باور |
علم النبات |
"On the ground of his treatise on the origin of a land flora."
|
جون جولي |
الجيولوجيا |
"On the ground of researches in physics and geology."
|
1911 |
George Chrystal |
الرياضيات |
"On the ground of his work in mathematics and physics."
|
وليام بايليس |
علم وظائف الأعضاء |
"On the ground of his researches in physiology."
|
1912 |
غرافتون أليوت سميث |
Anatomy |
no rationale given
|
William Mitchinson Hicks |
الفيزياء |
"On the ground of his researches in mathematical physics."
|
1913 |
Ernest Henry Starling |
علم وظائف الأعضاء |
"On the ground of his contributions to the advancement of physiology."
|
Harold Baily Dixon |
الكيمياء |
"On the ground of his eminence in physical chemistry, especially in connexion with explosions in gases."
|
1914 |
إرنست ويليام براون |
Astronomy |
"For investigations in astronomy, chiefly in the lunar theory."
|
William Johnson Sollas |
الجيولوجيا |
"For researches in palaeontology."
|
1915 |
جوزيف لارمور |
الرياضيات |
"On the ground of his numerous and important contributions to mathematical and physical science."
|
ويليام هالس ريفيرس ريفيرس |
علم الأعراق |
"On the ground of his important contributions to ethnography and ethnology."
|
1916 |
Hector Munro Macdonald |
الرياضيات |
"For his contributions to mathematical physics."
|
جون سكوت هولدين |
علم وظائف الأعضاء |
"For his distinguished services to chemical physiology, more especially in reference to the chemical changes in respiration."
|
1917 |
Arthur Smith Woodward |
Palaeontology |
"On the ground of his researches in vertebrate palaeontology."
|
جون ايتكين |
علم الأرصاد الجوية |
"On the ground of his work on cloudy condensations."
|
1918 |
ألفريد فاولر |
Astronomy |
"For his distinguished researches in physical astronomy and spectroscopy."
|
فريدريك هوبكنس |
الكيمياء الحيوية |
"On the ground of his researches in chemical physiology."
|
1919 |
جيمس جينس |
الرياضيات |
"On the ground of his researches in applied mathematics."
|
جون فارمر |
علم النبات |
"On the ground of his notable work on plant and animal cytology."
|
1920 |
غودفري هارولد هاردي |
الرياضيات |
"On the ground of his researches in pure mathematics."
|
وليام باتسون |
علم الوراثة |
"On the ground of his contributions to biological science, and especially his studies in genetics."
|
1921 |
فرانك واتسون دايسون |
Astronomy |
"For his researches on the distribution and movement of the stars."
|
Frederick Blackman |
علم النبات |
"For his researches on the gaseous exchange in plants & on the operation of limiting factors."
|
1922 |
تشارلز ويلسون |
علم الأرصاد الجوية |
"For his researches on condensation nuclei and atmospheric electricity."
|
جوزيف باركروفت |
علم وظائف الأعضاء |
"For his researches in physiology and especially for his work in connection with respiration."
|
1923 |
تشارلز جيمس مارتن |
علم وظائف الأعضاء |
"For his researches on animal metabolism"
|
ويليام شو |
علم الأرصاد الجوية |
"For his researches in meteorological science"
|
1924 |
Dugald Clerk |
الهندسة |
"For his application of scientific principles to engineering problems."
|
هنري ديل |
علم الصيدلة |
"For his researches in pharmacology and physiology."
|
1925 |
ألبرت سيوارد |
علم النبات |
"For his researches on the palaeobotany of Gondwanaland."
|
William Henry Perkin, Jr. |
كيمياء عضوية |
"For his work on the constitution of the alkaloids carried out during the past few years."
|
1926 |
أرشيبالد هل |
علم وظائف الأعضاء |
"For his distinguished work on the physical and chemical aspects of muscular contraction."
|
William Bate Hardy |
الكيمياء الحيوية |
"For his pioneer work on colloidal chemistry and the theory of lubrication."
|
1927 |
جون كانينغهام ماكلينن |
الفيزياء |
" For his researches in spectroscopy and atomic physics."
|
توماس لويس (طبيب قلب) |
طب القلب |
"For his researches on the vascular system, following upon his earlier work on the mammalian heart-beat."
|
1928 |
آرثر ستانلي إدنغتون |
Astrophysics |
"For his contributions to astrophysics."
|
روبرت بروم |
Palaeontology |
"For his discoveries which have shed new light on the problem of the origin of mammals."
|
1929 |
جون إيدنسور ليتلوود |
الرياضيات |
"For his work on mathematical analysis and the theory of prime numbers."
|
Robert Muir [لغات أخرى] |
Pathology |
"For his contributions to the science of immunology."
|
1930 |
John Edward Marr |
الجيولوجيا |
"For his pioneer work in the accurate zoning of the palaeozoic rocks."
|
أوين ريتشاردسون |
الفيزياء |
"For his work on thermionics and spectroscopy."
|
1931 |
ريتشارد قلازبروك |
الفيزياء |
"For his distinguished work in experimental physics."
|
ويليام لانغ |
علم النبات |
"For his work on the anatomy and morphology of the fern-like fossils of the Old Red Sandstone."
|
1932 |
إدوارد ميلانبي |
علم الأدوية |
"For his important researches on dietary factors, particularly in connexion with rickets."
|
روبرت روبنسون |
الكيمياء |
"For his work in many branches of organic chemistry, especially on the structure of plant products and their phytochemical synthesis."
|
1933 |
جيفري إنغرام تايلور |
الفيزياء |
"For his mathematical work in physics, geophysics and aerodynamics."
|
Patrick Playfair Laidlaw |
علم الفيروسات |
"For his work on diseases due to viruses, including that on the cause and prevention of distemper in dogs."
|
1934 |
إدغار أدريان |
فيزيولوجيا كهربائية |
"For his work on the physiology of nerve and its application to the problems of sensation."
|
سيدني تشابمان (رياضياتي) |
Geophysics |
"For his researches in the kinetic theory of gases, in terrestrial magnetism and in the phenomena of the upper atmosphere."
|
1935 |
Alfred Harker [لغات أخرى] |
علم الصخور |
"In recognition of his distinguished work and influence as a petrologist."
|
Charles Galton Darwin |
الفيزياء |
"For his researches in mathematical physics, especially in the quantum mechanics of the electron and in optics."
|
1936 |
Edwin Stephen Goodrich |
علم الحيوان |
"For his work on the morphology of the excretory organs of the invertebrate and for his work on the comparative anatomy and embryology of the vertebrata."
|
رالف فاولر |
الفيزياء |
"For his work on statistical mechanics and allied departments of modern mathematical physics."
|
1937 |
آرثر هنري ريجنالد بولر |
علم الأحياء |
"In recognition of his researches on the general biology and sexuality of the fungi."
|
Nevil Vincent Sidgwick |
الكيمياء |
"In recognition of his distinguished work on valency and on molecular structure."
|
1938 |
فرانسيس أستون |
الفيزياء |
"For his discovery of the isotopes of non-radioactive elements."
|
رونالد فيشر |
إحصاء |
"For his important contributions to the theory and practice of statistical methods."
|
1939 |
ديفيد كيلين |
Entomology |
"For his contributions to biochemistry and entomology; in particular for his demonstration of the part played by cytochrome in the oxidation-reduction mechanisms of the living cell; and for his studies of the higher diptera."
|
بول ديراك |
الفيزياء |
"For the leading part he had taken in the development of the new quantum mechanics."
|
1940 |
Francis Hugh Adam Marshall |
علم وظائف الأعضاء |
"For his contributions to the physiology of animal reproduction."
|
باتريك بلاكيت |
الفيزياء |
"For his studies of cosmic rays and the showers of particles which they produce, for his share in the discovery of the positive electron, for his work on mesons and many other experimental achievements."
|
1941 |
Ernest Kennaway |
Pathology |
"For his discovery of the nature of the carcinogenic substances in coal tar and for his investigations on production of cancer by synthetic substances."
|
إدوارد آرثر ميلن |
فيزياء فلكية |
"For his researches on the atmospheres of the earth and the sun, on the internal constitution of the stars, and on the theory of relativity."
|
1942 |
William Whiteman Carlton Topley |
علم الأحياء الدقيقة |
"For his outstanding work on experimental epidemiology and immunology."
|
ولتر هاوارث |
الكيمياء |
"For his fundamental contributions to organic chemistry, particularly to the constitution of the sugars and the structure of complex polysaccharides."
|
1943 |
Edward Battersby Bailey |
الجيولوجيا |
"For his distinguished contributions to the knowledge of mountain structure and his studies on the tectonics of vulcanism."
|
هارولد جونز |
Astronomy |
"For his determination of the solar parallax and of other fundamental astronomical constants."
|
1944 |
Charles Robert Harington |
الكيمياء |
"For his work in the analysis and synthesis of thyroxine, and in immunological chemistry."
|
David Brunt |
علم الأرصاد الجوية |
"For his fundamental contributions to meteorology."
|
1945 |
Edward James Salisbury |
علم النبات |
"For his notable contributions to plant ecology and to the study of the British flora generally."
|
جون ديزموند برنال |
علم البلورات |
"For his work on the structure of proteins and other substances by X-ray methods and for the solution of many other problems requiring a physical approach."
|
1946 |
Cyril Dean Darlington |
علم الأحياء |
"For his distinguished researches in cytology and genetics."
|
وليام لورنس براغ |
الفيزياء |
"For his distinguished researches in the sciences of X-ray structure analysis and X-ray spectroscopy."
|
1947 |
فرانك ماكفارلين بورنيت |
Virology |
"For his distinguished work on bacteriophages, viruses and immunity; and for his contributions to the study of infectious disease as an ecological phenomenon."
|
سيريل هنشلوود |
الكيمياء |
"For his distinguished work on the mechanism of chemical reactions from the simplest gas phase processes to the complexities of cell division."
|
1948 |
جيمس غراي [لغات أخرى] |
علم الحيوان |
"For his distinguished researches in cytology, ciliary movement, and particularly his anatomical and experimental studies of animal posture and locomotion."
|
هارولد جيفريز |
Geophysics |
"For his distinguished work in geophysics and his important contributions to the astronomy of the solar system.
|
1949 |
رودولف بيترز [لغات أخرى] |
الكيمياء الحيوية |
"For his distinguished biochemical researches, in particular his investigations of (i) the biochemical role of vitamin B1 in tissue metabolism; and (ii) the mechanism of the toxic action of lewisite and other arsenical compounds."
|
جورج باغيت طومسون |
الفيزياء |
"For his distinguished contributions to many branches of atomic physics, and especially for his work in establishing the wave properties of the electron."
|
1950 |
Carl Frederick Abel Pantin |
علم الحيوان |
"For his contributions to the comparative physiology of the Invertebrata, particularly his work on nerve conduction in Crustacea and Actinozoa."
|
إدوارد فيكتور أبلتون |
الفيزياء |
"For his work on the ele [sic] transmission of electromagnetic waves round the earth and for his investigations of the ionic state of the upper atmosphere."
|
1951 |
هوارد فلوري |
علم الأدوية |
"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to pathology by his studies of the functions of mucin and by his work on penicillin and other antibiotics."
|
إيان هيلبرون |
كيميائي |
"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to organic chemistry, notably in the field of vitamin A and polyene synthesis."
|
1952 |
Frederic Bartlett |
علم النفس التجريبي |
"In recognition of his creation of an experimental school of psychology which has established under his leadership an outstanding position recognized internationally as without superior."
|
Christopher Kelk Ingold |
الكيمياء |
"In recognition of his extensive theoretical and practical studies of the mechanism of organic chemical reactions and the factors influencing them; and for his analysis of the structure of benzene."
|
1953 |
بول فيلدز |
Microbiology |
"In recognition of his classical researches on growth factors for bacteria and for laying the foundation of work leading to a rational approach to chemotherapy."
|
نيفيل موت |
الفيزياء |
"In recognition of his eminent work in the field of quantum theory and particularly in the theory of metals."
|
1954 |
هانس كريبس |
الكيمياء الحيوية |
"In recognition of his discovery of two key reactions in animal metabolism and for his distinguished contributions to the knowledge of cell energetics."
|
جون كوكروفت |
الفيزياء |
"In recognition of his distinguished work on nuclear and atomic physics."
|
1955 |
Vincent Wigglesworth |
Entomology |
"In recognition of his distinguished experimental contributions of outstanding value to many aspects of insect physiology."
|
ألكسندر تود |
الكيمياء الحيوية |
"In recognition of his distinguished work in organic chemistry."
|
1956 |
أوين جونز (جيولوجي) |
الجيولوجيا |
"In recognition of his distinguished studies in the Palaeozoic rocks, particularly in Wales, his work on sediments, his palaeontological researches and the application of geological knowledge to practical problems."
|
دوروثي هودجكن |
الكيمياء |
"In recognition of her distinguished work in the elucidation of structures of penicillin, vitamin B12 and other important compounds by the methods of X-ray crystallography."
|
1957 |
Frederick Gugenheim Gregory |
علم النبات |
"In recognition of his distinguished studies in plant physiology."
|
وليام فالانس دوغلاس هودج |
الرياضيات |
"In recognition of his distinguished work on algebraic geometry."
|
1958 |
آلن لويد هودجكين |
علم وظائف الأعضاء |
"In recognition of his distinguished work on the mechanism of excitation and conduction in nerve and muscle."
|
هاري ماسي |
الفيزياء |
"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to physics, and particularly for his experimental and theoretical studies of collision phenomena in gases."
|
1959 |
بيتر مدور |
علم وظائف الأعضاء |
"In recognition of his distinguished contributions in the field of tissue transplantation immunity and acquired tolerance."
|
رودولف بيرلز |
الفيزياء |
"In recognition of his distinguished work on the theoretical foundations of high energy and nuclear physics."
|
1960 |
روي كاميرون |
Pathology |
"In recognition of his distinguished contributions in the field of cellular pathology"
|
برنارد لوفيل |
الفيزياء |
"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to radio astronomy."
|
1961 |
ويلفريد كلارك |
علم وظائف الأعضاء |
"In recognition of his outstanding contributions to neuroanatomy and primate morphology, which he has combined to provide new knowledge of human evolution."
|
سيسل باول |
الفيزياء |
"In recognition of his pioneering work on the development of the photographic emulsion technique in the investigation of cosmic rays and the outstanding results derived therefrom on the elementary particles in cosmic radiation."
|
1962 |
جون إيكلس |
Neurophysiology |
"In recognition of his distinguished investigations of the function of the spinal cord, particularly of the mechanisms of excitation and inhibition."
|
سابرامانين تشاندراسخار |
Astrophysics |
"In recognition of his distinguished researches in mathematical physics, particularly those related to the stability of convective motions in fluids with and without magnetic fields."
|
1963 |
Herbert Harold Read |
الجيولوجيا |
"In recognition of his outstanding contributions to the understanding of the processes of rock metamorphism and the origins of granite."
|
روبن هيل (كيميائي حيوي) |
الكيمياء الحيوية |
"In recognition of his distinguished work in biochemistry of plants, especially for his contributions to knowledge of photosynthesis."
|
1964 |
Francis Brambell |
الطب |
"In recognition of his important contribution to our understanding of the passage of protein from maternal to foetal circulations."
|
جيمس لايتهيل |
Aeroacoustics |
"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to knowledge of the flow of compressible gases, and the mathematical theory of distributions."
|
1965 |
Henry Charles Husband |
الهندسة |
"In recognition of his distinguished work in many aspects of engineering, particularly for his design studies of large structures such as those exemplified in the radio telescopes at Jodrell Bank and Goonhilly Downs."
|
جون كندرو |
Crystallography |
"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to the complete structural analysis of a protein molecule (myoglobin), particularly the biological aspects of this study."
|
Raymond Arthur Lyttleton |
Astronomy |
"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to astronomy, particularly for his work on the dynamical stability of galaxies."
|
1966 |
كريستوفر كوكيريل |
الهندسة |
"In recognition of his pioneering invention, and major contributions to the subsequent development of hovercraft."
|
Frank Yates |
Statistical biology |
"In recognition of his profound and far-reaching contributions to the statistical methods of experimental biology."
|
John Ashworth Ratcliffe |
الفيزياء |
"In recognition of his distinguished studies in the ionosphere and on the propagation of radio waves."
|
1967 |
Joseph Hutchinson |
علم الأحياء |
"In recognition of his distinguished work on the genetics and evolution of crop-plants with particular reference to cotton."
|
John Zachary Young |
Neurophysiology |
"In recognition of his outstanding researches correlating neural structure with function."
|
سيسيل إدغار تيلي |
Petrology |
"In recognition of his many distinguished contributions in all branches of retrology."
|
1968 |
Gilbert Roberts |
الهندسة |
"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to civil engineering, and in particular to the design and construction of long-span suspension bridges."
|
Walter Thomas James Morgan |
الكيمياء الحيوية |
"In recognition of his outstanding contributions to knowledge of the chemistry of blood-group substances, with special reference to genetical as well as immunological considerations."
|
مايكل عطية |
الرياضيات |
"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to algebraic geometry and to the study of differential equations by the methods of algebraic topology."
|
1969 |
تشارلز أوتالي |
Electrical engineering |
"In recognition of his distinguished work in the wartime development of radar and latterly for the design and development of a highly successful scanning electron microscope."
|
فردريك سانغر |
الكيمياء الحيوية |
"In recognition of his pioneer work on the sequence of amino acids in proteins and of nucleotides of ribonucleic acids."
|
George Edward Raven Deacon |
Oceanography |
"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to physical oceanography and for his leadership as director of the National Institute of Oceanography."
|
1970 |
John Fleetwood Baker |
الهندسة |
"In recognition of his fundamental and applied work on the plastic behaviour and design of framed structures which is now being used throughout the world."
|
William Albert Hugh Rushton |
علم وظائف الأعضاء |
"In recognition of his distinguished work on the visual pigments in the living eye and on chemical and nervous adaptation in the retina."
|
Kingsley Charles Dunham |
الجيولوجيا |
"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to pure and applied geology, and especially in the field of metallic ore deposits."
|
1971 |
Percy Edward Kent |
الجيولوجيا |
"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to oil and gas exploration and the geology of oil and gas fields."
|
ماكس بيروتس |
علم الأحياء |
"In recognition of his pioneering work on the molecular biology and structure of proteins."
|
غيرهارد هيرتسبيرغ |
الفيزياء |
"In recognition of his distinguished experimental researches in atomic and molecular spectroscopy and its applications in chemistry, physics and astronomy."
|
1972 |
بينيت لويس |
فيزياء نووية |
"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to the science and technology of heavy water reactors for power generation."
|
فرنسيس كريك |
علم الأحياء |
"In recognition of his elucidation of the structure of DNA and his continuing contribution to molecular biology."
|
ديريك هارولد بارتون |
الكيمياء |
"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to organic chemistry, especially his theories on the conformation of organic molecules and his syntheses of natural products."
|
1973 |
إدوارد إبراهام [لغات أخرى] |
علم الأحياء |
"In recognition of his outstanding work on the isolation, characterization and development of the cephalosporin group of antibiotics."
|
رودني بورتر |
علم الأحياء |
"In recognition of his penetrating investigations on the structure of immunoglobulins."
|
مارتين رايل |
Astronomy |
"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to radioastronomy."
|
1974 |
سيدني برانر |
علم الأحياء |
"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to molecular biology concerning the nature of the genetic code and its expression during development."
|
George Edwards [لغات أخرى] |
الهندسة |
"In recognition of his many contributions to aeronautical engineering, particularly in the realization of supersonic aircraft."
|
فريد هويل |
الفيزياء |
"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to theoretical physics and cosmology."
|
1975 |
Barnes Wallis |
الهندسة |
"In recognition of the originality of his ideas and the determination with which he has pursued them."
|
ديفيد شيلتون فيليبس |
علم الأحياء |
"In recognition of his solution of the three-dimensional structure of an enzyme and his outstanding contributions to the techniques of x-ray crystallography."
|
إدوارد بولارد |
Geophysics |
"In recognition of his distinction as a world leader in geophysics, especially the generation of the earths magnetic field, the origin of the oceans and continental drift."
|
1976 |
آلان والش |
الفيزياء |
"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to emission and infra-red spectroscopy and his origination of the atomic absorption method of quantitative analysis."
|
جيمس ليرمونث جووانز |
الطب |
"In recognition of his distinguished research in the field of immunology, especially as regards the recirculation and immunological role of lymphocytes"
|
جون كورنفورث |
الكيمياء |
"In recognition of his fundamental contribution to the stereochemical unravelling of the biosynthesis of squalene and cholesterol from acetate and mevalonate."
|
1977 |
John Bertram Adams |
الفيزياء |
"In recognition of his outstanding contributions to the design and operation of high-energy particle accelerators."
|
هيو هكسلي |
علم الأحياء |
"In recognition of his distinguished research on the structure of muscle and on the molecular mechanisms of contraction."
|
Peter Hirsch |
علم المواد |
"In recognition of his distinguished studies of defects in crystals and especially of his elucidation of the process of work hardening."
|
1978 |
توم كلبرن [لغات أخرى] |
الهندسة |
"In recognition of his outstanding individual and continuing contribution to the development of computer hardware in the United Kingdom over the last thirty years."
|
Roderic Alfred Gregory |
علم الأحياء |
"In recognition of his distinguished studies of the biological activity of peptide hormones in relation to their structure."
|
محمد عبد السلام |
الفيزياء |
"In recognition of his outstanding contributions to the physics of elementary particles with special reference to the unification of the electromagnetic and weak interactions."
|
1979 |
Vernon Ellis Cosslett |
الفيزياء |
"In recognition of his outstanding contributions to the design and development of the X-ray microscope, the scanning electron microprobe analyser, the high voltage and ultrahigh resolution (2.5A) electron microscopes and their applications in many disciplines."
|
Hans Walter Kosterlitz |
علم الأحياء |
"In recognition of his distinguished work on narcotics leading to the discovery in 1975 of the enkephalins."
|
فريدريك تشارلز فرانك |
الفيزياء |
"In recognition of his outstanding original contributions to the theory of crystal growth, dislocations, phase transformations and polymers, with wide applications in physics, chemistry and geology."
|
1980 |
يوحنا بولس وايلد |
Astronomy |
"In recognition of his conception of the basic principles of the Interscan aircraft instrument landing system and the guidance of its development to a successful conclusion."
|
Henry Harris [لغات أخرى] |
الطب |
"In recognition of his development of cell fusion for the study of somatic-cell genetics and differentiation including the genetic control of malignancy."
|
دينيس ويلكينسون |
الفيزياء |
"In recognition of his highly original research in nuclear physics and of his outstanding contributions on giant resonances, radiative widths, second-class beta decay and the fundamental symmetries of nuclear interactions and also on instrumentation."
|
1981 |
رالف رايلي |
Genetics |
"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to understanding the genetics of wheat and the development of new methods of producing improved varieties."
|
مارثا فوجت |
العلوم العصبية |
"In recognition of her important contributions to synaptic biochemistry and pharmacology which are fundamental to modern neuropharmacology."
|
جوفري ولكنسون |
الكيمياء |
"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to preparative inorganic chemistry and in particular to the synthesis and application of organometallic compounds."
|
1982 |
سيزار ميلشتاين |
الكيمياء الحيوية |
"In recognition of his fundamental contribution to understanding the structure and genetic control of immunoglobulins; his hybridoma technique for producing monoclonal antibodies has revolutionized the potential practical applications of immunology."
|
William Hawthorne |
الهندسة |
"In recognition of his outstanding contributions to engineering thermodynamics and fluid mechanics, and particularly the internal aerodynamics of turbomachines."
|
ريتشارد داليتز |
الفيزياء |
"In recognition of his outstanding contributions to particle physics, particularly in relation to the properties of strange particles."
|
1983 |
دانيال جوزيف برادلي |
الفيزياء |
"In recognition of his development of the techniques of generating ultra-short light pulses from lasers, and of picosecond streak cameras."
|
Wilhelm Siegmund Feldberg |
علم الأحياء |
"In recognition of his contributions to elucidating the nature of chemical synaptic transmission in nervous systems and the regulating effects of hormones in peripheral systems."
|
John Kingman |
الرياضيات |
"In recognition of his distinguished researches on queuing theory, on regenerative phenomena, and on mathematical genetics."
|
1984 |
Alexander Lamb Cullen |
Electrical engineering |
"In recognition of his many distinguished contributions to microwave engineering, both theoretical and experimental, and in particular for research on microwave antennae."
|
ماري ليون |
Genetics |
"In recognition of her distinguished contributions to the discovery of X-chromosome inactivation as a mechanism of gene dosage compensation."
|
آلن باترسبي |
الكيمياء |
"In recognition of his distinguished contributions to the elucidation of the pathway for the biosynthesis of complex natural products."
|
1985 |
John Argyris |
الهندسة |
"For his great contribution to the development of finite element analysis and its application to the solution of engineering problems."
|
جون غوردون |
علم الأحياء |
"For his outstanding contributions to the techniques of nuclear transplantation and the use of the amphibian egg for investigations on replication, transcription and translation of genes."
|
روجر بنروز |
الفيزياء |
"For his fundamental contributions to the theory of gravitational collapse and to other geometric aspects of theoretical physics."
|
1986 |
Eric Ash |
Electrical engineering |
"In recognition of his outstanding researches on acoustic microscopy leading to wholly new techniques and substantial improvements in resolution of acoustic microscopes."
|
ريتشارد دول |
علم وظائف الأعضاء |
"In recognition of his pioneering use of statistical and epidemiological techniques to evaluate environmental factors in disease, notably that cigarette smoking causes lung cancer, heart disease and bronchitis."
|
ريكس ريتشاردز [لغات أخرى] |
الكيمياء |
"In recognition of his many contributions, both theoretical and instrumental, to nuclear magnetic resonance."
|
1987 |
غوستاف فيكتور رودولف بورن |
علم الأدوية |
"In recognition of his major contributions to the physiology, pathology and pharmacology of platelets and of his widely used methods for studying platelet function in haemostasis and thrombosis."
|
Eric James Denton |
Marine biology |
"In recognition of his outstanding contributions to the physiology of marine animals, to marine biology generally, and his leadership of U.K. marine science."
|
فرانسيس غراهام سميث |
Astronomy |
"In recognition of his outstanding contributions to radio- and optical-astronomy."
|
1988 |
هارولد بارلو |
الهندسة |
"In recognition of his distinguished research, particularly on microwaves and waveguides, and of his lasting influence as the founder of an unusually productive research school."
|
وينيفريد واتكينس |
الكيمياء الحيوية |
"In recognition of her fundamental contributions towards an understanding of the biochemical genetics of carbohydrate antigens on cell surfaces and in secreted glycoproteins."
|
جورج باتشيلور |
الرياضيات |
"In recognition of his distinguished work on the theory of turbulence and turbulent diffusion, and the theory of microhydrodynamics and colloidal suspensions."
|
1989 |
جون روبرت فين |
علم الأدوية |
"In recognition of his development of techniques to detect and monitor substances in the blood that regulate the circulation, and their application to the treatment of vascular and ischaemic conditions."
|
ديفيد ويثيرال |
الطب |
"In recognition of his pioneering work on the clinical and molecular basis of the thalassaemias, and fundamental contributions to the unravelling of their heterogeneity."
|
جون تشارلس بولانيي |
الكيمياء |
"In recognition of his pioneering work on the electromagnetic radiation emitted from chemical charges, leading to the basis of the chemical laser process."
|
1990 |
Olgierd Cecil Zienkiewicz |
الهندسة |
"In recognition of his pioneering development of the finite element method as a general procedure of solving problems of engineering physics and for demonstrating its success in applications to stress analysis, fluid mechanics, electromagnetics and many other situations."
|
آن مكلارين |
علم الأحياء النمائي |
"In recognition of her distinguished research on mammalian embryology, particularly for providing much of the scientific basis for in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer, and for analysing sex determination in mammals."
|
ميخائيل بيري (أستاذ جامعي) |
الفيزياء |
"In recognition of his deep and innovatory researches in classical and quantum physics, especially the discovery of the "Berry phase"."
|
1991 |
John Mason [لغات أخرى] |
الفيزياء |
"In recognition of his distinguished research on cloud physics and, as Director-General of the Meteorological Office, his broadening and strengthening of research in meteorology in the UK."
|
مايكل جون بيردج |
علم الأحياء |
"In recognition of his discovery that إينوزيتول ثلاثي الفسفات functions as a second messenger to mobilize calcium."
|
دان ماكينزي (جيوفيزيائي) |
Geophysics |
"In recognition of his seminal role in developing a quantitative understanding of a wide range of geophysical and geological processes, including نظرية الصفائح التكتونية, mantle convection, continental deformation and melt segregation."
|
1992 |
David Tabor |
Physics |
"for his seminal contributions to the basic study of friction and wear between solids, of considerable relevance to the design of machines."
|
Anthony Epstein |
Medicine |
"distinguished for the isolation of the فيروس إبشتاين-بار which is closely associated with Burkitts lymphoma."
|
سيمون دونالدسون |
الرياضيات |
"distinguished for his work which has revolutionized our understanding of four-dimensional geometry."
|
1993 |
رودني هيل |
Applied mathematics |
"for his outstanding contribution to the theoretical mechanics of solids, and especially the plasticity of solids."
|
Horace Barlow |
العلوم العصبية |
"for his outstanding and original contributions to electrophysiological, computational and psychophysical study of visual sensation and perception."
|
فولكر هاين |
الفيزياء |
"In recognition of his contributions to solid state theory, in particular the bonding and structure of solids."
|
1994 |
Salvador Moncada |
علم الأدوية |
"for his contributions to pharmacology and the discovery of basic mechanisms of signal transmission relevant to drug action."
|
Eric Mansfield [لغات أخرى] |
Aeronautics |
"for his many fundamental and analytical contributions to our knowledge of advanced aeronautical structures, and more recently to the biological sciences."
|
Sivaramakrishna Chandrasekhar |
الفيزياء |
"his many new discoveries in the understanding of liquid crystals, for a synthesis of the subject of his seminal book, "The invention of discotic liquid crystals", and for elucidating their remarkable properties."
|
1995 |
دونالد ميتكالف |
الطب |
"In recognition of his discovery of colony stimulating factors which regulate the growth and differentiation of normal hematopoietic and leukemic cells."
|
بول نرس |
الكيمياء الحيوية |
"In recognition of his work on the control of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells by his discovery of the identity and function of genes that regulate the key control points in the process of cell proliferation."
|
روبرت وليامز [لغات أخرى] |
الكيمياء |
"In recognition of his contributions in clearly presenting the role of inorganic elements in biological systems."
|
1996 |
روبرت هايند |
علم الحيوان |
"In recognition of his contributions to the field of animal behaviour and the dominant influence it achieved on the emerging field of علم سلوك الحيوان (الإيثولوجيا)."
|
جاك هيسلوب هاريسون |
علم النبات |
"In recognition of his pioneering work in plant reproductive biology, in particular the areas of taxonomy and ecology, whole plant physiology, development of sub-cellular systems in somatic and reproductive cells, pollen/stigma interactions and acto/myosin transport systems within the pollen tube."
|
أندرو وايلز |
Mathematics |
"In recognition of his achievements in number theory, in particular مبرهنة فيرما الأخيرة and his achievements in algebraic number theory particularly the celebrated main conjecture on cyclotomic fields."
|
1997 |
جيفري إيجلينتون |
الكيمياء |
"In recognition of his contribution to our understanding of the way in which chemicals move from the living biosphere to the fossil geosphere, in particular the origin, genesis, maturation and migration of oil which has had great repercussions on the petroleum industry."
|
جون ماينارد سميث |
علم الأحياء |
"In recognition of his theoretical contributions to evolutionary biology, combining mathematics and biology to develop a sound understanding in such fields as population dynamics, paleobiology, ethology, behavioural ecology, bacteriology and genetics."
|
دونالد هيل بيركنز |
الفيزياء |
"In recognition of his contributions to experimental particle physics, in particular the elucidation of the structure of the nucleon on the basis of observations of نيوترينو interactions, the quark substructure of the nucleon, and production of the first quantitative evidence for the validity of ديناميكا لونية كمية (QCD)."
|
1998 |
إدوين ساوثرن [لغات أخرى] |
الكيمياء الحيوية |
"In recognition of his development of the method of transferring spatial patterns of DNA fragments from the electrophoretic separation medium to membranes on which the hybridisation could occur known as southern blotting, now a fundamental technique in molecular biology."
|
ريكاردو ميليدي |
العلوم العصبية |
"In recognition of his many important discoveries in cellular and molecular physiology which have greatly advanced our knowledge of synaptic transmission in the nervous system and of long term effects of trophic interaction between neurones and effector cells."
|
Donald Charlton Bradley |
الكيمياء |
"In recognition of his pioneering work on the molecular chemistry of metal-alkoxides and metal-amides, their synthesis, structure and bonding, and for his studies of their conversions to metal-oxides and metal-nitrides, processes which now find common place applications in materials science, especially in the fields of microelectronics and chemical vapour deposition."
|
1999 |
جون فرانك ديفيدسون |
الكيمياء |
"In recognition of his distinguished work over many years in chemical engineering, including fluid flow, process dynamics, gas absorption and fluidization technology which has been concerned with real problems of industrial significance."
|
Patrick David Wall |
العلوم العصبية |
"In recognition of his fundamental contributions to our knowledge of the somatosensory system and, in particular, pain mechanisms, where his insights led to the therapeutic use of electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves, dorsal columns of the spinal cord, and brain stem for the control of pain, methods that are now in widespread use."
|
أرشيبالد هوى |
الفيزياء |
"In recognition of his outstanding contributions to the development and application of electron microscopy of materials, and to the underlying theories of electron scattering, in particular his extensive contributions to inelastic scattering theory, his systematic high resolution microscope studies of amorphous materials, his introduction of the concept of coherence volume for hollow cone dark field imaging and his pioneering use of a high angle annular dark field detector to image small catalyst particles."
|