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Years: 1641 1642 1643 - 1644 - 1645 1646 1647
Decades: 1610s 1620s 1630s - 1640s - 1650s 1660s 1670s
Centuries: 16th century - 17th century - 18th century 1644 in literature 1644 in science

Events

February to August - Dutch explorer Abel Tasman's second expedition for the Dutch East India Company maps the north coast of Australia.
April - A popular Chinese rebellion led by Li Zicheng sacks Beijing, prompting Chongzhen, the last emperor of the Ming Dynasty, to commit suicide.
June 6 - The invading Manchu army, with the help of Ming general Wu Sangui, capture Beijing, China. This marks the beginning of the Qing Dynasty (also known as the Manchu Dynasty), the last imperial dynasty of China.
July 2 - Battle of Marston Moor, a crushing victory for the Parliamentary side of the English Civil War, ends Charles I's hold on the north of England.
September 2 - Second Battle of Lostwithiel, the last major victory for Charles I and the Royalist side in the English Civil War.
September 15 - Pope Innocent X is elected to the Papacy, in Rome.
November 23 - Areopagitica by John Milton is published.
The opera Ormindo is first performed in Venice. Music by Francesco Cavalli and libretto by Giovanni Faustini.
Philosopher René Descartes publishes Principia Philosophiae (Principles of Philosophy), written in Latin.

Ongoing events

English Civil War (1642-1649)

Births

June 16 - Henrietta Anne Stuart, Princess of Scotland, England and Ireland and later Duchess of Orléans
August 12 - Heinrich Ignaz Biber, Bohemian composer and violinist.
September 25 - Ole Rømer, Danish astronomer who made the first quantitative measurements of the speed of light.
October 14 - William Penn, a Quaker and founder of the Province of Pennsylvania, an English colony that would later become a U.S. state.
Antonio Stradivari, renowned Italian luthier (maker of stringed instruments), best known for his Stradivarius violins.
Matsuo Basho, a Japanese poet, regarded as one of the great masters and pioneers of haiku.

Deaths

April - Chongzhen, last Chinese Emperor of the Ming Dynasty, committed suicide.
April 10 - Reverend William Brewster, a Pilgrim leader who came to the American colonies on the Mayflower.
July 29 - Pope Urban VIII, the last pope to expand papal territory.
September 7 - Guido Bentivoglio, Italian cardinal and candidate to succeed Pope Urban VIII.
September 8 - John Coke, English politician and ally of king Charles I.

@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 | align="center" | <small>'''[[Centuries]]:'''</small> <br> [[16th century]] - '''[[17th century]]''' - [[18th century]] <hr> [[1644 in literature]] <br> [[1644 in science]]
 |}
 ==Events==
-*[[July 2]] - [[Battle of Marston Moor]], a crushing victory for the Parliamentary side of the [[English Civil War]] ends [[Charles I of England|Charles I]]'s hold on the north of [[England]].
+*[[ ]] - [[   ]]   for the [[   ]]  the north of [[]].
+* [[April]] - A popular [[China|Chinese]] rebellion led by [[Li Zicheng]] sacks [[Beijing]], prompting [[Chongzhen Emperor of China|Chongzhen]], the last emperor of the [[Ming Dynasty]], to commit suicide.
+* [[June 6]] - The invading [[Manchu]] army, with the help of [[Ming Dynasty|Ming]] general [[Wu Sangui]], capture [[Beijing]], China. This marks the beginning of the [[Qing Dynasty]] (also known as the Manchu Dynasty), the last [[Dynasties in Chinese history|imperial dynasty of China]].
+*[[July 2]] - [[Battle of Marston Moor]], a crushing victory for the [[Parliamentarian|Parliamentary]] side of the [[English Civil War]], ends [[Charles I of England|Charles I]]'s hold on the north of [[England]].
 *[[September 2]] - Second [[Battle of Lostwithiel]], the last major victory for Charles I and the [[Royalist]] side in the English Civil War.
 *[[Pope Innocent X]] is elected to the [[Papacy]], in [[Rome]].
 * [[November 23]] - ''[[Areopagitica]]'' by [[John Milton]] is published.
-* A peasant revolt, combined with open military rebellion led by General [[Wu Sangui]] and subsequent [[Manchu]] military intervention in [[Beijing]], brings an end to the [[Ming Dynasty]] in [[China]]. They are succeeded by the [[Qing Dynasty]], sometimes known as the Manchu Emperors.
 * The [[opera]] ''[[Ormindo]]'' is first performed in Venice.  Music by [[Francesco Cavalli]] and libretto by [[Giovanni Faustini]].
+* [[Philosopher]] [[René Descartes]] publishes ''[[Principia Philosophiae]]'' (Principles of Philosophy), written in [[Latin]].
 ===Ongoing events===
@@ Line 21: / Line 23: @@
 ==Births==
 *[[June 16]] - [[Henrietta Anne Stuart]], [[Princess]] of [[Scotland]], [[England]] and [[Ireland]] and later Duchess of [[Orléans]]
-*[[September 25]] - [[Ole Rømer]], Danish astronomer (d. [[1710]])
+*[[ ]] - [[ ]],    [[]]
+*[[September 25]] - [[Ole Rømer]], [[Danish]] [[astronomer]] who made the first quantitative measurements of the [[speed of light]].
+* [[October 14]] - [[William Penn]], a [[Quaker]] and founder of the [[Province of Pennsylvania]], an [[English]] colony that would later become a [[United States|U.S.]] state.
+* [[Antonio Stradivari]], renowned [[Italian]] ''[[luthier]]'' (maker of [[stringed instrument]]s), best known for his [[Stradivarius]] violins.
+* [[Matsuo Basho]], a [[Japan|Japanese]] [[poet]], regarded as one of the great masters and pioneers of [[haiku]].
 ==Deaths==
+* [[April]] - [[Chongzhen Emperor of China|Chongzhen]], last [[Chinese Emperor]] of the [[Ming Dynasty]], committed suicide.
-*[[July 29]] - [[Pope Urban VIII]]
+* [[April 10]] - Reverend [[William Brewster]], a [[Pilgrims|Pilgrim]] leader who came to the [[13 colonies|American colonies]] on the ''[[Mayflower]]''.
+* [[July 29]] - [[Pope Urban VIII]], the last [[pope]] to expand [[papal territory]].
+* [[September 7]] - [[Guido Bentivoglio]], [[Italy|Italian]] [[cardinal]] and candidate to succeed [[Pope Urban VIII]].
+* [[September 8]] - [[John Coke]], [[English]] [[politician]] and ally of king [[Charles I of England|Charles I]].
 [[ca:1644]]