Diet and longevity: Difference between revisions
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== Background == |
== Background == |
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| ⚫ | The use of fasting dates back to at least the 5th century BCE, as documented in the recommendation of Greek physician [[Hippocrates]] who suggested that people displaying certain symptoms of illness should abstain from food or drink as a form of treatment.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fasting {{!}} Definition, Description, Types, Benefits, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/fasting |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> Although the maintenance of health can be influenced by diet, including the type of foods consumed, the amount of calories ingested, and the duration and frequency of fasting periods,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Longo |first=Valter D. |last2=Anderson |first2=Rozalyn M. |date=2022 |title=Nutrition, longevity and disease: From molecular mechanisms to interventions |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0092867422003981 |journal=Cell |language=en |volume=185 |issue=9 |pages=1455–1470 |doi=10.1016/j.cell.2022.04.002}}</ref> there is no [[evidence-based medicine|good clinical evidence]] that fasting can promote longevity in humans, as of 2021.<ref name=lee/><ref name=":1" /> |
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For thousands of years, mankind has been fascinated by the aspiration of prolonging human lifespan. In recent years, significant advancements in the study of aging biology have led to increased investment in comprehending the molecular mechanisms involved in aging.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lee |first=Mitchell B. |last2=Kaeberlein |first2=Matt |date=2018-01-01 |title=Translational geroscience: From invertebrate models to companion animal and human interventions |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468501118300051 |journal=Translational Medicine of Aging |language=en |volume=2 |pages=15–29 |doi=10.1016/j.tma.2018.08.002 |issn=2468-5011}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | The use of fasting dates back to at least the 5th century BCE, as documented in the recommendation of Greek physician [[Hippocrates]] who suggested that people displaying certain symptoms of illness should abstain from food or drink as a form of treatment.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fasting {{!}} Definition, Description, Types, Benefits, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/fasting |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> Although the maintenance of health can be influenced by diet, including the type of foods consumed, the amount of calories ingested, and the duration and frequency of fasting periods,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Longo |first=Valter D. |last2=Anderson |first2=Rozalyn M. |date=2022 |title=Nutrition, longevity and disease: From molecular mechanisms to interventions |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0092867422003981 |journal=Cell |language=en |volume=185 |issue=9 |pages=1455–1470 |doi=10.1016/j.cell.2022.04.002}}</ref> there is no [[evidence-based medicine|good clinical evidence]] that fasting can promote longevity in humans, as of 2021.<ref name= |
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Caloric restriction is a widely researched intervention to assess effects on aging, defined as a sustained reduction in dietary energy intake compared to the energy required for weight maintenance.<ref name=":1" /> To ensure metabolic [[homeostasis]], the diet during calorie restriction must provide sufficient energy, micronutrients, and fiber.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Flanagan |first1=Emily W. |last2=Most |first2=Jasper |last3=Mey |first3=Jacob T. |last4=Redman |first4=Leanne M. |date=2020-09-23 |title=Calorie Restriction and Aging in Humans |journal=Annual Review of Nutrition |language=en |volume=40 |issue=1 |pages=105–133 |doi=10.1146/annurev-nutr-122319-034601 |pmid=32559388 |pmc=9042193 |issn=0199-9885}}</ref> According to preliminary research in humans, there is little evidence that calorie restriction affects lifespan.<ref name=lee/><ref name=":1" /> |
Caloric restriction is a widely researched intervention to assess effects on aging, defined as a sustained reduction in dietary energy intake compared to the energy required for weight maintenance.<ref name=":1" /> To ensure metabolic [[homeostasis]], the diet during calorie restriction must provide sufficient energy, micronutrients, and fiber.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Flanagan |first1=Emily W. |last2=Most |first2=Jasper |last3=Mey |first3=Jacob T. |last4=Redman |first4=Leanne M. |date=2020-09-23 |title=Calorie Restriction and Aging in Humans |journal=Annual Review of Nutrition |language=en |volume=40 |issue=1 |pages=105–133 |doi=10.1146/annurev-nutr-122319-034601 |pmid=32559388 |pmc=9042193 |issn=0199-9885}}</ref> According to preliminary research in humans, there is little evidence that calorie restriction affects lifespan.<ref name=lee/><ref name=":1" /> |
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Revision as of 17:25, 23 March 2023
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Fasting and longevity is a concept of abstaining from food or practicing calorie restriction to reduce the burden of diseases and increase lifespan, although the relative risks associated with long-term fasting remain undetermined, as of 2021.[1] Making dietary modifications, such as calorie restriction, dietary restriction, intermittent fasting, and time-restricted feeding, is under research for the potential to influence longevity.[1]
Background
The use of fasting dates back to at least the 5th century BCE, as documented in the recommendation of Greek physician Hippocrates who suggested that people displaying certain symptoms of illness should abstain from food or drink as a form of treatment.[2] Although the maintenance of health can be influenced by diet, including the type of foods consumed, the amount of calories ingested, and the duration and frequency of fasting periods,[3] there is no good clinical evidence that fasting can promote longevity in humans, as of 2021.[1][4]
Caloric restriction is a widely researched intervention to assess effects on aging, defined as a sustained reduction in dietary energy intake compared to the energy required for weight maintenance.[4] To ensure metabolic homeostasis, the diet during calorie restriction must provide sufficient energy, micronutrients, and fiber.[4] According to preliminary research in humans, there is little evidence that calorie restriction affects lifespan.[1][4]
Complications
Observations have shown that refeeding after prolonged fasting in humans can be challenging and may result in the development of a condition called refeeding syndrome. This phenomenon has been documented in various cases, such as refed prisoners of war, hunger strikers, as well as severely malnourished people with anorexia nervosa and other critically ill people.[5]
References
- ^ a b c d Lee MB, Hill CM, Bitto A, Kaeberlein M (November 2021). "Antiaging diets: Separating fact from fiction". Science. 374 (6570): eabe7365. doi:10.1126/science.abe7365. PMC 8841109. PMID 34793210.
- ^ "Fasting | Definition, Description, Types, Benefits, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2023-03-22.
- ^ Longo, Valter D.; Anderson, Rozalyn M. (2022). "Nutrition, longevity and disease: From molecular mechanisms to interventions". Cell. 185 (9): 1455–1470. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2022.04.002.
- ^ a b c d Flanagan, Emily W.; Most, Jasper; Mey, Jacob T.; Redman, Leanne M. (2020-09-23). "Calorie Restriction and Aging in Humans". Annual Review of Nutrition. 40 (1): 105–133. doi:10.1146/annurev-nutr-122319-034601. ISSN 0199-9885. PMC 9042193. PMID 32559388.
- ^ McCue, Marshall D. (2012-05-17). Comparative Physiology of Fasting, Starvation, and Food Limitation. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 15. ISBN 978-3-642-29056-5.
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