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{{Short description|German lawyer, scientist, and poet}}
{{Short description|German lawyer, scientist, and poet}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
'''Salomon''' (also '''Salomo''') '''Franck''', 6 March 1659 &nbsp;–&nbsp;11 July 1725), was a German lawyer, scientist, and poet. Franck was working at Weimar at the same time as the composer [[Johann Sebastian Bach]] and he was the librettist of some of the best-known [[Bach cantata]]s.<ref name="Day">{{cite journal |first=J. C. J. |last=Day |title=The texts of Bach's Church cantatas: some observations |journal=[[German Life and Letters]] |volume=13 |year=1960 |issue=2 |pages=137–144 |doi=10.1111/j.1468-0483.1960.tb01320.x }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |editor-first=Christoph |editor-last=Wolff |title=Die Welt der Bach-Kantaten |publisher=Metzler/Bärenreiter |location=Stuttgart und Kassel |edition=3 Bände Sonderausgabe |year=2006 |isbn=3-476-02127-0 |language=de}}</ref>
'''Salomon''' (also '''Salomo''') '''Franck''', 6 March 1659 &nbsp;–&nbsp;11 July 1725), was a German lawyer, scientist, and poet. Franck was working at Weimar at the same time as the composer [[Johann Sebastian Bach]] and he was the librettist of some of the best-known [[Bach cantata]]s.<ref name="Day">{{cite journal |first=J. C. J. |last=Day |title=The texts of Bach's Church cantatas: some observations |journal=German Life and Letters|volume=13 |year=1960 |issue=2 |pages=137–144 |doi=10.1111/j.1468-0483.1960.tb01320.x }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |editor-first=Christoph |editor-last=Wolff |title=Die Welt der Bach-Kantaten |publisher=MetzlerBärenreiter |location=Stuttgart Kassel |edition=3 |year=2006 |isbn=3-476-02127-0 |language=de}}</ref>


==Biography==
==Biography==
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He wrote the text for Bach's earliest secular cantata (1713), ''[[Was mir behagt, ist nur die muntre Jagd]]'' ([[BWV 208]]) in which, following the custom of the day, he drew upon mythological characters.<ref name="Day" /> The cantata was composed for the 31st birthday celebration of Duke [[Christian, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels|Christian of Sachsen-Weissenfels]].
He wrote the text for Bach's earliest secular cantata (1713), ''[[Was mir behagt, ist nur die muntre Jagd]]'' ([[BWV 208]]) in which, following the custom of the day, he drew upon mythological characters.<ref name="Day" /> The cantata was composed for the 31st birthday celebration of Duke [[Christian, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels|Christian of Sachsen-Weissenfels]].


It is not known for sure when he began collaborating with Bach on sacred cantatas, as the author of some texts used by Bach is unknown. However, the collaboration between Franck and Bach was particularly active from 1714, when the composer was promoted to the post of Konzertmeister at Weimar, and embarked on the composition of cantatas for the Schlosskirche (court chapel) on a regular monthly basis. Bach adopted the new form of cantata, composing [[recitative]]s and [[da capo aria]]s. In 1717 the composer left Weimar, but he continued to set Franck's words years later when based at [[Leipzig]].
It is not known for sure when he began collaborating with Bach on sacred cantatas, as the author of some texts used by Bach is unknown. However, the collaboration between Franck and Bach was particularly active from 1714, when the composer was promoted to the post of Konzertmeister at Weimar, and embarked on the composition of cantatas for the Schlosskirche (court chapel) on a regular monthly basis. Bach adopted the new form of cantata, composing [[recitative]]s and [[da capo aria]]s. In 1717 the composer left Weimar, but he continued to set Franck's words years later when based at [[Leipzig]].


Texts set by Bach include those of the cantatas [[BWV 31]], [[BWV 70a]], [[BWV 72]], [[BWV 80]], [[BWV 132]], [[BWV 147]], [[BWV 152]], [[BWV 155]], [[BWV 161]], [[BWV 163]], [[BWV 164]], [[BWV 165]], [[BWV 168]], [[BWV 182]], [[BWV 185]], and [[BWV 186a]].<ref>Luigi Ferdinando Tagliavini. ''Studi sui testi delle Cantate sacre di J. S. Bach''. Università di Padova, pubblicazioni della Facoltà di Lettere e Filosofia, vol. XXXI, Padova & Kassel, 1956, xv-291</ref> He also most likely wrote the text for [[BWV 12]], [[BWV 172]] and [[BWV 21]].
Texts set by Bach include those of the cantatas [[BWV 31]], [[BWV 70a]], [[BWV 72]], [[BWV 80]], [[BWV 132]], [[BWV 147]], [[BWV 152]], [[BWV 155]], [[BWV 161]], [[BWV 163]], [[BWV 164]], [[BWV 165]], [[BWV 168]], [[BWV 182]], [[BWV 185]], and [[BWV 186a]].<ref>Luigi Ferdinando Tagliavini. ''Studi sui testi delle Cantate sacre di J. S. Bach''. Università di Padova, pubblicazioni della Facoltà di Lettere e Filosofia, vol. XXXI, & Kassel, 1956, xv-291</ref> He also most likely wrote the text for [[BWV 12]], [[BWV 172]] and [[BWV 21]].


==Works==
==Works==
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* [[Ich hatte viel Bekümmernis, BWV 21]], 17 June 1714
* [[Ich hatte viel Bekümmernis, BWV 21]], 17 June 1714


From '''''Evangelisches Andachts-Opffer''''' (1715)
From ''Evangelisches Andachts-Opffer'' (1715)
* [[Bereitet die Wege, bereitet die Bahn, BWV 132]]
* [[Bereitet die Wege, bereitet die Bahn, BWV 132]]
* [[Tritt auf die Glaubensbahn, BWV 152]]
* [[Tritt auf die Glaubensbahn, BWV 152]]
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* [[Alles nur nach Gottes Willen, BWV 72]]
* [[Alles nur nach Gottes Willen, BWV 72]]


From '''''Evangelische Sonn- und Fest-Tages-Andachten''''' (1717)
From ''Evangelische Sonn- und Fest-Tages-Andachten'' (1717)
* [[Wachet! betet! betet! wachet! BWV 70a]]
* [[Wachet! betet! betet! wachet! BWV 70a]]
* [[Ärgre dich, o Seele, nicht, BWV 186]]a
* [[Ärgre dich, o Seele, nicht, BWV 186]]a
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{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


==Sources==
====
⚫
* [[Alfred Dürr]]: Die Kantaten Johann Sebastian Bachs, dtv/Bärenreiter, München Kassel, 6. , 1995
* {{cite journal |first=Ian F. |last=Finlay |title=Bach's Secular Cantata Texts |journal=Music & Letters |volume=31 |issue=3 |year=1950 |pages=189–195 |doi=10.1093/ml/XXXI.3.189 |jstor=729786 }}
* {{cite journal |first=Ian F. |last=Finlay |title=Bach's Secular Cantata Texts |journal=Music & Letters|volume=31 |issue=3 |year=1950 |pages=189–195 |doi=10.1093/ml/XXXI.3.189 |jstor=729786}}
⚫
* [[Alfred Dürr]]: Die Kantaten Johann Sebastian Bachs, dtv/Bärenreiter, München und Kassel, 6. Auflage, 1995
⚫
* {{cite |first=Harald |last=Streck |title=Die Verskunst in den poetischen Texten zu den Kantaten J. S. Bachs|= Hamburg|year=1971}}
* {{cite book |editor-first=Christoph |editor-last=Wolff |title=Die Welt der Bach-Kantaten |publisher=Metzler/Bärenreiter |location=Stuttgart und Kassel |edition=3 Bände Sonderausgabe |year=2006 |isbn=3-476-02127-0 |language=de}}
* Luigi Ferdinando Tagliavini. ''Studi sui testi delle Cantate sacre di J. S. Bach''. Università di Padova, pubblicazioni della Facoltà di Lettere e Filosofia, vol. XXXI, Padova & Kassel, 1956, xv-291.
* {{cite journal |first=Geoffrey |last=Turner |title=Singing The Word: The Cantatas of J S Bach |journal=New Blackfriars |year=2006 |volume=87 |issue=1008 |pages=144–154 |doi=10.1111/j.0028-4289.2006.00135.x }}
* {{cite journal |first=J. C. J. |last=Day |title=The texts of Bach's Church cantatas: some observations |journal=[[German Life and Letters]] |volume=13 |year=1960 |issue=2 |pages=137–144 |doi=10.1111/j.1468-0483.1960.tb01320.x }}
⚫
* {{cite book |first=Harald |last=Streck |title=Die Verskunst in den poetischen Texten zu den Kantaten J. S. Bachs |work=Dissertation: Universität Hamburg |year=1971 }}


{{Lutheran hymnody}}
{{Lutheran hymnody}}
{{Portal bar|Biography|Classical music}}

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{{Authority control}}


Latest revision as of 14:04, 16 January 2024

Salomon (also Salomo) Franck, 6 March 1659  – 11 July 1725), was a German lawyer, scientist, and poet. Franck was working at Weimar at the same time as the composer Johann Sebastian Bach and he was the librettist of some of the best-known Bach cantatas.[1][2]

Biography[edit]

Franck was born in Weimar. After studying law and theology at Jena he held government posts at Zwickau, Arnstadt, Jena and Weimar, where he died.[1] Records show that, as of 1702, Franck was secretary of the high Consistory, managing the numismatic collection and the library records for the court of Duke of Saxe-Weimar, William Ernest.

Franck had already written several secular cantata texts prior to his association with Johann Sebastian Bach, e.g. Himmelsflammende Wunschopfer, which was performed at Weimar castle in 1697. Franck also wrote many sacred texts. His earliest church-cantata texts were written in the older form, consisting of verses from the Bible and strophic songs. In 1711 he used for the first time the new form introduced by Erdmann Neumeister.[3]

In 1717, Franck published a collection of sacred texts titled Evangelische Sonn- und Festtages Andachten auf Hochfürstliche Gnädigste Verordnung zur Fürstlich Sächsischen Weimarischen Hof-Capell-Music in Geistlichen Arien erwecket von Salomon Francken, Fürstlich Sächsischen Gesamten Ober-Consistorial-Secretario in Weimar. Weimar und Jena bey Johann Felix Bielcken. 1717.

Collaboration with Bach[edit]

He wrote the text for Bach's earliest secular cantata (1713), Was mir behagt, ist nur die muntre Jagd (BWV 208) in which, following the custom of the day, he drew upon mythological characters.[1] The cantata was composed for the 31st birthday celebration of Duke Christian of Sachsen-Weissenfels.

It is not known for sure when he began collaborating with Bach on sacred cantatas, as the author of some texts used by Bach is unknown. However, the collaboration between Franck and Bach was particularly active from 1714, when the composer was promoted to the post of Konzertmeister at Weimar, and embarked on the composition of cantatas for the Schlosskirche (court chapel) on a regular monthly basis. Bach adopted the new form of cantata, composing recitatives and da capo arias. In 1717 the composer left Weimar, but he continued to set Franck's words years later when based at Leipzig.

Texts set by Bach include those of the cantatas BWV 31, BWV 70a, BWV 72, BWV 80, BWV 132, BWV 147, BWV 152, BWV 155, BWV 161, BWV 163, BWV 164, BWV 165, BWV 168, BWV 182, BWV 185, and BWV 186a.[4] He also most likely wrote the text for BWV 12, BWV 172 and BWV 21.

Works[edit]

  • Madrigalische Seelen-Lust über das heilige Leiden unsers Erlösers (1697)
  • Cycle of cantatas for the Liturgical year 1714/1715: Evangelisches Andachts-Opffer
  • Cycle of cantatas for the Liturgical year 1715/1716: Evangelische Seelen-Lust
  • Cycle of cantatas for the Liturgical year 1716/1717: Evangelische Sonn- und Fest-Tages-Andachten
  • Heliconische Ehren-, Liebes- und Trauer-Fackeln, Weimar, Jena (1718)

Texts set to music by Johann Sebastian Bach[edit]

probably by Salomon Franck (1714)

From Evangelisches Andachts-Opffer (1715)

From Evangelische Sonn- und Fest-Tages-Andachten (1717)

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c Day, J. C. J. (1960). "The texts of Bach's Church cantatas: some observations". German Life and Letters. 13 (2): 137–144. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0483.1960.tb01320.x.
  2. ^ Wolff, Christoph, ed. (2006). Die Welt der Bach-Kantaten (in German) (3 vols special ed.). Stuttgart, Kassel: Metzler, Bärenreiter. ISBN 3-476-02127-0.
  3. ^ Turner, Geoffrey (2006). "Singing The Word: The Cantatas of J S Bach". New Blackfriars. 87 (1008): 144–154. doi:10.1111/j.0028-4289.2006.00135.x.
  4. ^ Luigi Ferdinando Tagliavini. Studi sui testi delle Cantate sacre di J. S. Bach. Università di Padova, pubblicazioni della Facoltà di Lettere e Filosofia, vol. XXXI, Padua & Kassel, 1956, xv-291

Further reading[edit]

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