1530

Year 1530 (MDXXX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

• February 24 – Charles V is crowned in Bologna by Pope Clement VII.
• June 25 – The Augsburg Confession is presented to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor.

• August 3 – Battle of Gavinana: Florence is captured by Spanish troops under Prince Philibert. The Piagnon (followers of the memory of Girolamo Savonarola) are overthrown, ending the Siege of Florence, and the Medici are restored, in the person of the Pope's nephew Alessandro de' Medici.
• October 8 – A flood engulfs Rome.
• October 26 – The Knights of Malta are formed when the Knights Hospitaller are given Malta by Charles V.
• November 5 – St. Felix's Flood destroys the city of Reimerswaal in the Netherlands.

• The ducal palace of Celle is constructed in Germany.
• Martim Afonso de Souza's expedition patrols the Brazilian coast, banishes the French, and creates the first colonial towns: São Vicente and São Paulo.
• Austrian forces capture Esztergom, Hungary, and raid as far as Buda.
• Humayun starts to rule.
• Paracelsus leaves Nürnberg.
• Erasmus publishes A handbook on manners for children (De Civilitate Morum Puerilium Libellus), which becomes popular and widely translated.

• The stage "Skull and Crossbones" in the 1992 video game Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Turtles in Time is set in this year.

• January 1 – Thomas Bromley, English lord chancellor (d. 1587)
• January 5 – Gaspar de Bono, monk of the Order of the Minims (d. 1571)
• February 17 – Louis III, Count of Löwenstein (d. 1611)
• February 18 – Uesugi Kenshin, Japanese samurai and warlord (d. 1578)
• February 26 – David Chytraeus, German historian and theologian (d. 1600)
• March 11 – Johann Wilhelm, Duke of Saxe-Weimar (d. 1573)
• May 5 – Gabriel, comte de Montgomery, French nobleman (d. 1574)
• May 7 – Louis I de Bourbon, Prince de Condé, French Protestant general (d. 1569)
• June 17 – François de Montmorency (d. 1579)
• June 20 – Johannes Schenck von Grafenberg, German physician (d. 1598)
• July 3 – Claude Fauchet, French historian (d. 1601)
• August 1 – Daniel, Count of Waldeck (d. 1577)
• August 2 – Girolamo Mercuriale, Italian philologist (d. 1606)
• August 11 – Ranuccio Farnese, Italian prelate (d. 1565)
• August 14 – Giambattista Benedetti, Italian mathematician and physicist (d. 1590)
• August 25 – Ivan IV of Russia (d. 1584)
• September 30 – Geronimo Mercuriali, Italian philologist and physician (d. 1606)
• October 1 – Walter Aston, English politician (d. 1589)
• October 21 – Jacques Jonghelinck, Flemish sculptor (d. 1606)
• October 30 – Charles d'Angennes de Rambouillet, Roman Catholic cardinal (d. 1587)
• November 1 – Étienne de La Boétie, French judge and writer (d. 1563)
• November 6 – Josias Simler, Swiss scholar (d. 1576)
• December 1 – Bernardino Realino, Italian Jesuit (d. 1616)
• December 5 – Nikolaus Selnecker, German musician (d. 1592)
• date unknown
  • Julius Caesar Aranzi, Italian anatomist (d. 1589)
  • Christopher Báthory, Prince of Transylvania (d. 1581)
  • Jean Bodin, French jurist (d. 1596)
  • Pey de Garros, Provençal poet (d. 1585)
  • Wawrzyniec Grzymała Goślicki, Polish bishop, political thinker and philosopher (d. 1607)
  • Thomas Hoby, English diplomat and translator (d. 1566)
  • Shibata Katsuie, Japanese military commander during the Sengoku Period (d. 1583)
  • Koriki Kiyonaga, daimyo in Azuchi-Momoyama period and Edo period (d. 1608)
  • Jan Kochanowski, Polish writer (d. 1584)
  • Ralph Lane, English explorer (d. 1603)
  • Jean Nicot, French diplomat and scholar (d. 1606)
  • Otomo Sorin, Japanese Christian daimyo (d. 1587)
  • Richard Tarlton, English actor (d. 1588)
  • Mordecai Yoffe, author of Levush Malkhut (d. 1612)
• probable
  • Moses Isserles, rabbi and Talmudist (d. 1572)
  • Claude Le Jeune, French composer (d. 1600)
  • Gabriel, comte de Montgomery, captain of the Scottish Guard of Henry II of France (d. 1574)
  • Gráinne O'Malley, Irish noblewoman (d. 1603)
  • Shane O'Neill, Irish chieftain and rebel (d. 1567)
  • Turlough Luineach O'Neill, Irish chieftain of Tyrone (d. 1595)
  • Jöran Persson, Swedish politician (d. 1568)
  • Nicholas Sanders, English Catholic propagandist (d. 1581)

• February 7 – Enrique de Cardona y Enríquez, Spanish Roman Catholic cardinal and bishop (b. 1485)
• April 5 – Joanna La Beltraneja, Princess of Castile (b. 1462)
• May 3 – Stephen VII Báthory, Hungarian nobleman and military commander
• June 4 – Maximilian Sforza, Duke of Milan (b. 1493)
• June 5 – Mercurino Gattinara, Italian statesman and jurist (b. 1465)
• August 2 – Kano Masanobu, chief painter of the Ashikaga shogunate (b. 1434)
• August 3 – Francesco Ferruccio, Florentine captain (b. 1489)
• August 6 – Jacopo Sannazaro, Italian poet (b. 1458)
• August 10 – Konstanty Ostrogski, Grand Hetman of Lithuania (b. 1460)
• August 29 – Moise of Wallachia
• September 15 – Maria Paleologa, Italian noblewoman (b. 1508)
• November 29 – Cardinal Thomas Wolsey, British statesman (b. c. 1473)
• December 1 – Margaret of Austria, Regent of the Netherlands (b. 1480)
• December 22 – Willibald Pirckheimer, humanist (b. 1470)
• December 26 – Babur, founder of the Mughal Empire (b. 1483)
• date unknown
  • Quentin Matsys, Flemish painter (b. 1466)
  • Estienne de La Roche, mathematician (b. 1470)
  • Søren Norby, Danish naval commander