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Gayo language

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Gayo
Basa Gayo
Native toIndonesia
RegionSumatra
Ethnicity335,000 Gayo (2010 census)[1]
Native speakers
280,000 (2010 census)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-2gay
ISO 639-3gay
Glottologgayo1244
The map of Gayo language in Northern Sumatra.

Gayo (alternatively rendered as Gajo) is an endangered Austronesian language spoken by some 275,000 people in the mountainous region of the Indonesian province Aceh on the Northern tip of the island of Sumatra, specifically around the Central Aceh, Bener Meriah and Gayo Lues regencies. It is classified as belonging to the Western Malayo-Polynesian branch of the Austronesian languages, but is not closely related to other languages. Ethnologue lists Bukit, Dëret, Lues, Lut, and Serbejadi-Lukup as dialects.

Gayo is distinct from other languages in Aceh. The art and culture of the Gayo people is also significantly different compared with other ethnic groups in Aceh.

In 1907, G.A.J. Hazeu wrote a first Gayo–Dutch dictionary for the colonial authorities of the Dutch East Indies.[2]

Phonology

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Consonants[3]
Bilabial Alveolar Postalveolar Palatal Velar Glottal Labial-velar
Nasal /m/ ⟨m⟩ n ⟨n⟩ ɲ ⟨ny⟩ ŋ ⟨ng⟩
Plosive voiceless /p/ ⟨p⟩ /t/ ⟨t⟩ /k/ ⟨k⟩ /ʔ/ ⟨'⟩
voiced /b/ ⟨b⟩ /d/ ⟨d⟩ /ɡ/ ⟨g⟩
Fricative /s/ ⟨s⟩ /h/ ⟨h⟩
Affricate voiceless /t͡ʃ/ ⟨c⟩
voiced /d͡ʒ/ ⟨j⟩
Trill /r/ ⟨r⟩
Approximant /l/ ⟨l⟩ /j/ ⟨y⟩ /w/ ⟨w⟩
Vowels[3]
Front Central Back
Close /i/ ⟨i⟩ /u/ ⟨u⟩
Near-Close (ɪ) (ʊ)
Close-Mid /e/ ⟨é⟩ /ə/ ⟨e⟩ /o/ ⟨ô⟩
Open-Mid /ɛ/ ⟨è⟩ /ɔ/ ⟨o⟩
Open /a/ ⟨a⟩/⟨ë⟩

References

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  1. ^ a b Gayo at Ethnologue (26th ed., 2023) Closed access icon
  2. ^ Gajosch-Nederlandsch Woordenboek, by G.A.J. Hazeu, Landsdrukkerij Batavia 1907. It is available online as a Google scan.
  3. ^ a b Eades, Domenyk; Hajek, John (2006), "Gayo", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 36 (1): 107–115, doi:10.1017/S0025100306002416

Further reading

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