θεός
See also: Θεός
Ancient Greek
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- θέος (théos) — Lesbian
- θεύς (theús) — Doric
- θιός (thiós) — Boeotian, Arcadocypriot
- θιός (thiós), σιός (siós) — Laconian
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Hellenic *tʰehós (whence also Mycenaean Greek 𐀳𐀃 (te-o)), a thematicization of amphikinetic Proto-Indo-European *dʰéh₁-s-(s) ~ *dʰh₁-s-és, from *dʰeh₁- (“to do, to put, to place”) + *-s (s-stem forming suffix). Cognate with Phrygian δεως (deōs, “to the gods”), Old Armenian դիք (dikʻ, “gods”) and Latin fēriae (“festival days”), fānum (“temple”) and fēstus (“festive”).
Despite its similarity in form and meaning, the word is not related to Latin deus; the two come from different roots. A true cognate of deus is Ζεύς (Zeús).[1][2]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /tʰe.ós/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /tʰeˈos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /θeˈos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /θeˈos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /θeˈos/
Adjective
[edit]θεός • (theós)
Noun
[edit]θεός • (theós) m or f (genitive θεοῦ); second declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Doric, Koine)
Declension
[edit]Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ θεός ho theós |
τὼ θεώ tṑ theṓ |
οἱ θεοί hoi theoí | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ θεοῦ toû theoû |
τοῖν θεοῖν toîn theoîn |
τῶν θεῶν tôn theôn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ θεῷ tôi theôi |
τοῖν θεοῖν toîn theoîn |
τοῖς θεοῖς toîs theoîs | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν θεόν tòn theón |
τὼ θεώ tṑ theṓ |
τοὺς θεούς toùs theoús | ||||||||||
Vocative | θεέ theé |
θεώ theṓ |
θεοί theoí | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | θεός theós |
θεώ theṓ |
θεοί theoí | ||||||||||
Genitive | θεοῦ / θεοῖο / θεόο / θεόφῐ / θεόφῐν theoû / theoîo / theóo / theóphi(n) |
θεοῖῐν theoîin |
θεῶν / θεόφῐ / θεόφῐν theôn / theóphi(n) | ||||||||||
Dative | θεῷ / θεόφῐ / θεόφῐν theôi / theóphi(n) |
θεοῖῐν theoîin |
θεοῖσῐ / θεοῖσῐν / θεοῖς / θεόφῐ / θεόφῐν theoîsi(n) / theoîs / theóphi(n) | ||||||||||
Accusative | θεόν theón |
θεώ theṓ |
θεούς theoús | ||||||||||
Vocative | θεέ theé |
θεώ theṓ |
θεοί theoí | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ θιός ho thiós |
τὼ θιώ tṑ thiṓ |
τοὶ θιοί toì thioí | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ θιῶ toû thiô |
τοῖν θιοῖν toîn thioîn |
τῶν θιῶν tôn thiôn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ θιῷ tôi thiôi |
τοῖν θιοῖν toîn thioîn |
τοῖς θιοῖς toîs thioîs | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν θιόν tòn thión |
τὼ θιώ tṑ thiṓ |
τὼς θιώς tṑs thiṓs | ||||||||||
Vocative | θιέ thié |
θιώ thiṓ |
θιοί thioí | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Derived terms
[edit]- ἄθεος (átheos)
- ἀθεότης (atheótēs)
- ἀντίθεος (antítheos)
- ἀποθεόω (apotheóō)
- δύσθεος (dústheos)
- Δωροθέᾱ (Dōrothéā)
- Δωρόθεος (Dōrótheos)
- ἐκθεόω (ektheóō)
- ἐνθεόομαι (entheóomai)
- ἔνθεος (éntheos)
- ζάθεος (zátheos)
- ἠγάθεος (ēgátheos)
- ἡμίθεος (hēmítheos)
- θεᾱ́ (theā́)
- Θεαίτητος (Theaítētos)
- θεοβλάβειᾰ (theoblábeia)
- θεοβλαβέω (theoblabéō)
- θεοβλαβής (theoblabḗs)
- θεογεννής (theogennḗs)
- θεογνωσίᾱ (theognōsíā)
- θεογονίᾱ (theogoníā)
- θεόγονος (theógonos)
- θεοδέγμων (theodégmōn)
- θεοδίδᾰκτος (theodídaktos)
- θεόδμητος (theódmētos)
- θεοδοσίᾱ (theodosíā)
- Θεόδοτος (Theódotos)
- θεόδοτος (theódotos)
- Θεόδουλος (Theódoulos)
- Θεοδώρα (Theodṓra)
- Θεόδωρος (Theódōros)
- θεοειδής (theoeidḗs)
- θεοείκελος (theoeíkelos)
- θεοεχθρίᾱ (theoekhthríā)
- θεοίνιᾰ (theoínia)
- θεοισεχθρίᾱ (theoisekhthríā)
- θεοκλυτέω (theoklutéō)
- θεοκλύτησις (theoklútēsis)
- θεόκλυτος (theóklutos)
- θεόκρᾰντος (theókrantos)
- θεοκρᾰτίᾱ (theokratíā)
- θεόκριτος (theókritos)
- θεόκτιτος (theóktitos)
- θεόληπτος (theólēptos)
- θεολογέω (theologéō)
- θεολόγιᾰ (theológia)
- θεολογικός (theologikós)
- θεόλογος (theólogos)
- θεομᾰνέω (theomanéō)
- θεομᾰνής (theomanḗs)
- θεόμᾰντις (theómantis)
- θεομᾰχέω (theomakhéō)
- θεομᾰχίᾱ (theomakhíā)
- θεόμᾰχος (theómakhos)
- Θεόμβροτος (Theómbrotos)
- θεομήστωρ (theomḗstōr)
- θεομῑσής (theomīsḗs)
- θεόμορος (theómoros)
- θεόπεμπτος (theópemptos)
- θεόπνευστος (theópneustos)
- θεοποιέω (theopoiéō)
- Θεόπομπος (Theópompos)
- θεοπρεπής (theoprepḗs)
- θεοπροπέω (theopropéō)
- θεοπροπίᾱ (theopropíā)
- θεοπρόπιον (theoprópion)
- θεοπρόπος (theoprópos)
- θεοσέβειᾰ (theosébeia)
- θεοσεβέω (theosebéō)
- θεοσεβής (theosebḗs)
- θεοστυγής (theostugḗs)
- θεότης (theótēs)
- Θεοτόκος (Theotókos)
- θεουδής (theoudḗs)
- θεοφάνειᾰ (theopháneia)
- θεοφάνιᾰ (theophánia)
- θεόφᾰντος (theóphantos)
- θεοφιλής (theophilḗs)
- Θεόφιλος (Theóphilos)
- θεοφορέω (theophoréō)
- θεοφόρησις (theophórēsis)
- θεοφόρητος (theophórētos)
- θεοφορίᾱ (theophoríā)
- θεόφορος (theóphoros)
- Θεόφρᾰστος (Theóphrastos)
- θεόφρων (theóphrōn)
- θεοφῠ́λᾰξ (theophúlax)
- θεόω (theóō)
- Θουκυδίδης (Thoukudídēs)
- Ἱερόθεος (Hierótheos)
- ἰσόθεος (isótheos)
- ἰσοθεόω (isotheóō)
- κατάθεος (katátheos)
- μῑσόθεος (mīsótheos)
- Μνησίθεος (Mnēsítheos)
- Τῑμόθεος (Tīmótheos)
- Φιλόθεος (Philótheos)
Descendants
[edit]- Boeotian: θῐός (thiós)
- Cypriot, Cretan: θιός (thiós)
- Doric: θεύς (theús)
- → English: theo-
- → French: théo-
- Greek: θεός (theós)
- → Italian: teo-
- Laconic: σῐός (siós)
- → Spanish: teo-
- → Portuguese: teo-
- Mariupol Greek: тъео́с (θjeós), тъего́с (θjehós)
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Fortson, Benjamin W. (2010) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, second edition, Oxford: Blackwell, page 1,104
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2011) Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction, 2nd edition, revised and corrected by Michiel de Vaan, Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, page 14
Further reading
[edit]- “θεός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “θεός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “θεός”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- θεός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- θεός in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “θεός”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G2316 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 540f
Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Ancient Greek θεός (theós).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]θεός • (theós) m (plural θεοί, feminine θεά)
- (religion) god (supreme being or a supernatural, typically immortal, being with superior powers)
- Ο θεός των Αράβων είναι ο Αλλάχ.
- O theós ton Arávon eínai o Allách.
- The god of the Arabs is Allah.
- Στην αρχαία Ελλάδα, ο Διόνυσος ήταν ο θεός του κρασιού.
- Stin archaía Elláda, o Diónysos ítan o theós tou krasioú.
- In Ancient Greece, Dionysus was the god of wine.
- Alternative letter-case form of Θεός (Theós).
- (figuratively) god, idol (something or someone particularly revered, worshipped, idealized, admired and/or followed)
- Όσον αφορά μουσική, ο Μότσαρτ ήταν ο θεός του.
- Óson aforá mousikí, o Mótsart ítan o theós tou.
- With regard to music, Mozart was his god.
- Σε αυτόν τον κόσμο, δυστυχώς, τα λεφτά είναι ο θεός τους.
- Se aftón ton kósmo, dystychós, ta leftá eínai o theós tous.
- In this world, unfortunately, money is their god.
- (figuratively, colloquial) god, Greek god (exceedingly handsome man)
- Στην παραλία ήταν διάφοροι θεοί.
- Stin paralía ítan diáforoi theoí.
- There were several Greek gods on the beach.
Declension
[edit]Declension of θεός
Synonyms
[edit]- (idol): ίνδαλμα n (índalma), πρότυπο n (prótypo)
- (Greek god, good-looking): πανέμορφος m (panémorfos)
Related terms
[edit]Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰeh₁-
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek 2-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek adjectives
- Ancient Greek nouns
- Ancient Greek oxytone terms
- Ancient Greek masculine nouns
- Ancient Greek feminine nouns
- Ancient Greek second-declension nouns
- Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension
- Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the second declension
- Ancient Greek nouns with multiple genders
- Epic Greek
- Attic Greek
- Ionic Greek
- Doric Greek
- Koine Greek
- grc:Gods
- Greek terms inherited from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Greek lemmas
- Greek nouns
- Greek masculine nouns
- el:Religion
- Greek terms with usage examples
- Greek colloquialisms
- Greek nouns declining like 'αδελφός'
- el:Gods