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See also:
U+7CDE, 糞
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7CDE

[U+7CDD]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+7CDF]

Translingual

Han character

(Kangxi radical 119, +11, 17 strokes, cangjie input 火木田廿金 (FDWTC), four-corner 90801, composition )

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 912, character 26
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27102
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1339, character 20
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3158, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+7CDE

Chinese

trad.
simp.
alternative forms

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Oracle bone: pictogram (象形) : 3 dots + 𠀠 + + optional (zhǒu).

Small seal: pictogram (象形) : + 𠦒 + .

The current glyph is from the small seal script.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *brun (excrement) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan བྲུན (brun, dung).

Pronunciation


Note:
  • pùn - vernacular;
  • hùn - literary.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (1)
Final () (59)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter pjunH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/pɨunH/
Pan
Wuyun
/piunH/
Shao
Rongfen
/piuənH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/punH/
Li
Rong
/piuənH/
Wang
Li
/pĭuənH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/pi̯uənH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
fèn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
fan3
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
fèn
Middle
Chinese
‹ pjunH ›
Old
Chinese
/*p[u]r-s/
English manure, dirt

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 3197
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*pɯns/

Definitions

  1. excrement; faeces; dung
  2. manure
  3. (literary, or in compounds) to apply manure to
  4. (literary, or in compounds) to clear away

Synonyms

  • (excrement):
  • (to apply manure to):

See also

Compounds

Descendants

  • Vietnamese: phân

References

Japanese

Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)

Readings

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
くそ
Hyōgai
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling

From Old Japanese,[1] in turn from Proto-Japonic *kuso.

Cognate with 臭い (kusai, stinky, smelly), 腐る (kusaru, to rot, to become stinky).[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

(くそ) (kuso

  1. (colloquial) feces, excrement
  2. (by extension) shit, crap, garbage, trash
Derived terms
Idioms

Interjection

(くそ) (kuso

  1. (often vulgar) shit, crap
Usage notes
  • This is not considered as profane as the English glosses. For instance, a child of five using the Japanese interjection kuso would be unremarkable, whereas it would be very socially inappropriate for a child of five to use the English interjection shit.

Prefix

(くそ) (kuso-

  1. (derogatory) pejorative prefix
    (くそ)(じじ)
    kusojijī
    damn geezer

Suffix

(くそ) (-kuso

  1. crappy, for shit: a derogatory emphasizing suffix.
    下手(へた)(くそ)
    hetakuso
    crappy (bad at something), to be shit at doing something
    襤褸(ぼろ)(くそ)
    borokuso
    broken down for shit, raggedy-ass

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
ふん
Hyōgai
on'yomi

/pun//fun/

From Middle Chinese (MC pjunH).

Pronunciation

Noun

(ふん) or (フン) (fun

  1. droppings, dung
    ふれあい(どう)(ぶつ)(えん)モルモット()けるストレス(ふん)(ちゅう)コルチコステロンによって(すい)(てい)する(こころ)
    fureai dōbutsuen no morumotto ga ukeru sutoresu o funchū koruchikosuteron ni yotte suitei suru kokoromi
    Non-invasive monitoring of stress via fecal corticosterone levels in guinea pigs on public display
Usage notes
  • This noun specifically refers to the excrement of non-human animals; for human excrement, the term 大便 (daiben) is used.
  • This term may be spelled as フン due to the complexity of the kanji .

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
ばば
Hyōgai
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling

Appears to derive from baby talk.[1][2] Compare English poopoo and Mandarin 㞎㞎 (bǎba).

Pronunciation

Noun

(ばば) (baba

  1. (childish) poopoo, poop, dookie
  2. (childish) something unclean
Derived terms

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. 3.0 3.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

(eumhun (ttong bun))

  1. hanja form? of (dung)

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Nôm readings: phẩn, phân

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.