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ଅଙ୍ଗାରକ

ଉଇକିପିଡ଼ିଆ‌ରୁ
(Carbonରୁ ଲେଉଟି ଆସିଛି)
Carbon,  6C
Spectral lines of Carbon
ସାଧାରଣ ଗୁଣ
ନାମ, ପ୍ରତୀକcarbon, C
Appearanceclear (diamond) & black (graphite)
ଉଚ୍ଚାରଣ/ˈkɑːrbən/
Carbon in the periodic table
Hydrogen (other non-metal)
Helium (noble gas)
Lithium (alkali metal)
Beryllium (alkaline earth metal)
Boron (metalloid)
Carbon (other non-metal)
Nitrogen (other non-metal)
Oxygen (other non-metal)
Fluorine (halogen)
Neon (noble gas)
Sodium (alkali metal)
Magnesium (alkaline earth metal)
Aluminium (post-transition metal)
Silicon (metalloid)
Phosphorus (other non-metal)
Sulfur (other non-metal)
Chlorine (halogen)
Argon (noble gas)
Potassium (alkali metal)
Calcium (alkaline earth metal)
Scandium (transition metal)
Titanium (transition metal)
Vanadium (transition metal)
Chromium (transition metal)
Manganese (transition metal)
Iron (transition metal)
Cobalt (transition metal)
Nickel (transition metal)
Copper (transition metal)
Zinc (transition metal)
Gallium (post-transition metal)
Germanium (metalloid)
Arsenic (metalloid)
Selenium (other non-metal)
Bromine (halogen)
Krypton (noble gas)
Rubidium (alkali metal)
Strontium (alkaline earth metal)
Yttrium (transition metal)
Zirconium (transition metal)
Niobium (transition metal)
Molybdenum (transition metal)
Technetium (transition metal)
Ruthenium (transition metal)
Rhodium (transition metal)
Palladium (transition metal)
Silver (transition metal)
Cadmium (transition metal)
Indium (post-transition metal)
Tin (post-transition metal)
Antimony (metalloid)
Tellurium (metalloid)
Iodine (halogen)
Xenon (noble gas)
Caesium (alkali metal)
Barium (alkaline earth metal)
Lanthanum (lanthanoid)
Cerium (lanthanoid)
Praseodymium (lanthanoid)
Neodymium (lanthanoid)
Promethium (lanthanoid)
Samarium (lanthanoid)
Europium (lanthanoid)
Gadolinium (lanthanoid)
Terbium (lanthanoid)
Dysprosium (lanthanoid)
Holmium (lanthanoid)
Erbium (lanthanoid)
Thulium (lanthanoid)
Ytterbium (lanthanoid)
Lutetium (lanthanoid)
Hafnium (transition metal)
Tantalum (transition metal)
Tungsten (transition metal)
Rhenium (transition metal)
Osmium (transition metal)
Iridium (transition metal)
Platinum (transition metal)
Gold (transition metal)
Mercury (transition metal)
Thallium (post-transition metal)
Lead (post-transition metal)
Bismuth (post-transition metal)
Polonium (post-transition metal)
Astatine (halogen)
Radon (noble gas)
Francium (alkali metal)
Radium (alkaline earth metal)
Actinium (actinoid)
Thorium (actinoid)
Protactinium (actinoid)
Uranium (actinoid)
Neptunium (actinoid)
Plutonium (actinoid)
Americium (actinoid)
Curium (actinoid)
Berkelium (actinoid)
Californium (actinoid)
Einsteinium (actinoid)
Fermium (actinoid)
Mendelevium (actinoid)
Nobelium (actinoid)
Lawrencium (actinoid)
Rutherfordium (transition metal)
Dubnium (transition metal)
Seaborgium (transition metal)
Bohrium (transition metal)
Hassium (transition metal)
Meitnerium (unknown chemical properties)
Darmstadtium (unknown chemical properties)
Roentgenium (unknown chemical properties)
Copernicium (transition metal)
Ununtrium (unknown chemical properties)
Flerovium (unknown chemical properties)
Ununpentium (unknown chemical properties)
Livermorium (unknown chemical properties)
Ununseptium (unknown chemical properties)
Ununoctium (unknown chemical properties)
-

C

Si
boroncarbonnitrogen
ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ (Z)6
ଶ୍ରେଣୀ, ବ୍ଳକgroup 14 (carbon group), p-block
ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟperiod 2
ମୌଳିକ ପ୍ରକାର  nonmetal
ମାନକ ପରମାଣବିକ ଓଜନ (±) (Ar)12.011(1)
ଇଲେକ୍‌ଟ୍ରୋନ୍ ବିନ୍ୟାସ[He] 2s2 2p2
per shell
2, 4
ଭୌତିକ ଗୁଣ
ଅବସ୍ଥାsolid
Sublimation point3915 K ​(3642 °C, ​6588 °F)
Density near r.t.amorphous:[] 1.8–2.1 g/cm3
diamond: 3.515 g/cm3
graphite: 2.267 g/cm3
Triple point4600 K, ​10800[][] kPa
Heat of fusion117 (graphite) kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity6.155 (diamond)
8.517 (graphite) J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states4, 3[], 2, 1[], 0, −1, −2, −3, −4[]
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 2.55
energies
(more)
Covalent radius77(sp³), 73(sp²), 69(sp) pm
Van der Waals radius170 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structureface-centered diamond-cubic
Diamond crystal structure for carbon

(diamond, clear)
Speed of sound thin rod18350 (diamond) m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion0.8 (diamond)[] µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity900-2300 (diamond)
119-165 (graphite) W/(m·K)
Magnetic orderingdiamagnetic[]
Young's modulus1050 (diamond)[] GPa
Shear modulus478 (diamond)[] GPa
Bulk modulus442 (diamond)[] GPa
Poisson ratio0.1 (diamond)[]
Mohs hardness10 (diamond)
1-2 (graphite)
CAS Number7440-44-0
ଇତିହାସ
ଆବିଷ୍କାରEgyptians and Sumerians[] (3750 BC)
Recognized as an element byAntoine Lavoisier[୧୦] (1789)
Most stable isotopes of carbon
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP

15

11C syn 20 min β+ 0.96 11B
12C 98.9% 12C is stable with 6 neutrons
13C 1.1% 13C is stable with 7 neutrons
14C trace 5730 y β 0.15 14N
| references

ଅଙ୍ଗାରକ (English: Carbon;କାର୍ବନ) ହେଉଛି ଏକ ରାସାୟନିକ ମୌଳିକ, ଏହାର ପ୍ରତୀକ C, ଓ ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ ୬ । ଏହା ଏକ ଅଧାତୁ । ଅଙ୍ଗାରକର ତିନୋଟି ସମସ୍ଥାନିକ ଅଛନ୍ତି, ତାହା ଭିତରୁ ଦୁଇଟି ସ୍ଥିର ଓ ଅନ୍ୟଟି ତେଜସ୍କ୍ରିୟ ।

ସମସ୍ଥାନିକ

[ସମ୍ପାଦନା]

ଅଙ୍ଗାରକ ଚକ୍ର

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ଯୌଗିକ

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ଜୈବିକ ଯୌଗିକ

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ଅଜୈବିକ ଯୌଗିକ

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ଇତିହାସ ଓ ନାମକରଣ

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ଉତ୍ପାଦ

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ଗ୍ରାଫାଇଟ୍

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ଆହୁରି ଦେଖନ୍ତୁ

[ସମ୍ପାଦନା]
  1. Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
  2. Haaland, D (1976). "Graphite-liquid-vapor triple point pressure and the density of liquid carbon". Carbon. 14 (6): 357. doi:10.1016/0008-6223(76)90010-5.
  3. Savvatimskiy, A (2005). "Measurements of the melting point of graphite and the properties of liquid carbon (a review for 1963–2003)". Carbon. 43 (6): 1115. doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2004.12.027.
  4. "Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the System of CP" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-12-06.
  5. "Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the Electronic Transition of the Jet-Cooled CCI Free Radical" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-12-06.
  6. "Carbon: Binary compounds". Retrieved 2007-12-06.
  7. ୭.୦ ୭.୧ ୭.୨ ୭.୩ ୭.୪ Properties of diamond, Ioffe Institute Database
  8. Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press.
  9. "History of Carbon and Carbon Materials - Center for Applied Energy Research - University of Kentucky". Caer.uky.edu. Retrieved 2008-09-12.
  10. Senese, Fred. "Who discovered carbon?". Frostburg State University. Retrieved 2007-11-24.

ବାହାର ଲିଙ୍କ

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