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Origem: Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre.
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Medalha Nacional de Ciências
Ciência do Comportamento e Social
Década de 1960
1964:
Neal Elgar Miller
Década de 1980
1986:
Herbert Simon
·
1987:
Anne Anastasi
e
George Joseph Stigler
·
1988:
Milton Friedman
Década de 1990
1990:
Leonid Hurwicz
e
Patrick Suppes
·
1991:
George A. Miller
·
1992:
Eleanor J. Gibson
·
1994:
Robert Merton
·
1995:
Roger Shepard
·
1996:
Paul Samuelson
·
1997:
William Estes
·
1998:
William Julius Wilson
·
1999:
Robert Solow
Década de 2000
2000:
Gary Becker
·
2003:
R. Duncan Luce
·
2004:
Kenneth Arrow
·
2005:
Gordon Bower
·
2008:
Michael Posner
·
2009
:
Mortimer Mishkin
Década de 2010
2011:
Anne Treisman
·
2012:
Robert Axelrod
·
2014:
Albert Bandura
Ciências Biológicas
Década de 1960
1963:
Cornelis Bernardus van Niel
·
1964:
Theodosius Dobzhansky
e
Marshall Nirenberg
·
1965:
Francis Rous
,
George Gaylord Simpson
e
Donald Van Slyke
·
1966:
Edward Fred Knipling
,
Fritz Albert Lipmann
,
William Cumming Rose
e
Sewall Wright
·
1967:
Kenneth Cole
,
Harry Harlow
,
Michael Heidelberger
e
Alfred Sturtevant
·
1968:
Horace Barker
,
Bernard Brodie
,
Detlev Bronk
,
Jay Laurence Lush
e
B. F. Skinner
·
1969:
Robert Hübner
,
Ernst Mayr
Década de 1970
1970:
Barbara McClintock
e
Albert Sabin
·
1973:
Daniel Arnon
e
Earl Sutherland
·
1974:
Britton Chance
,
Erwin Chargaff
,
James Neel
e
James Hannon
·
1975:
Hallowell Davis
,
Paul Gyorgy
,
Sterling Hendricks
e
Orville Vogel
·
1976:
Roger Guillemin
,
Keith Roberts Porter
,
Efraim Racker
e
Edward Osborne Wilson
·
1979:
Robert H. Burris
,
Elizabeth C. Crosby
,
Arthur Kornberg
,
Severo Ochoa
,
Earl Stadtman
,
George Ledyard Stebbins
e
Paul Weiss
Década de 1980
1981:
Philip Handler
·
1982:
Seymour Benzer
,
Glenn Burton
e
Mildred Cohn
·
1983:
Howard Bachrach
,
Paul Berg
,
Wendell Lee Roelofs
e
Berta Scharrer
·
1986:
Stanley Cohen
,
Donald Henderson
,
Vernon Mountcastle
,
George Palade
e
Joan A. Steitz
·
1987:
Michael DeBakey
,
Theodor Otto Diener
,
Harry Eagle
,
Har Khorana
e
Rita Levi-Montalcini
·
1988:
Michael Stuart Brown
,
Stanley Norman Cohen
,
Joseph Goldstein
,
Maurice Hilleman
,
Eric Kandel
e
Rosalyn Yalow
·
1989:
Katherine Esau
,
Viktor Hamburger
,
Philip Leder
,
Joshua Lederberg
,
Roger Sperry
e
Harland Goff Wood
Década de 1990
1990:
Baruj Benacerraf
,
Herbert Boyer
,
Daniel Koshland
,
Edward Lewis
,
David Nathan
e
Edward Donnall Thomas
·
1991:
Mary Ellen Avery
,
George Evelyn Hutchinson
,
Elvin Kabat
,
Robert Kates
,
Salvador Luria
,
Paul Marks
,
Folke Skoog
e
Paul Zamecnik
·
1992:
Maxine Singer
e
Howard Martin Temin
·
1993:
Daniel Nathans
e
Salome G. Waelsch
·
1994:
Thomas Eisner
e
Elizabeth Neufeld
·
1995:
Alexander Rich
·
1996:
Ruth Patrick
·
1997:
James Watson
e
Robert Allan Weinberg
·
1998:
Bruce Ames
e
Janet Rowley
·
1999:
David Baltimore
,
Jared Diamond
e
Lynn Margulis
Década de 2000
2000:
Nancy Coover Andreasen
,
Peter H. Raven
e
Carl Woese
·
2001:
Francisco José Ayala
,
George Bass
,
Mario Capecchi
,
Ann Graybiel
,
Gene Likens
,
Victor A. McKusick
e
Harold Varmus
·
2002:
James E. Darnell
e
Evelyn M. Witkin
·
2003:
John Michael Bishop
,
Solomon Halbert Snyder
e
Charles Yanofsky
·
2004:
Norman Borlaug
,
Phillip Allen Sharp
e
Thomas Starzl
·
2005:
Anthony Fauci
e
Torsten Wiesel
·
2006:
Rita Colwell
,
Nina Fedoroff
e
Lubert Stryer
·
2007:
Robert Lefkowitz
e
Bert William O’Malley
·
2008:
Francis Collins
,
Elaine Fuchs
,
Craig Venter
·
2009:
Susan Lindquist
,
Stanley Prusiner
Década de 2010
2010:
Ralph Lawrence Brinster
,
Rudolf Jaenisch
·
2011:
Lucy Shapiro
,
Leroy Hood
,
Sallie Chisholm
·
2012:
May Berenbaum
,
Bruce Alberts
·
2013:
Rakesh Jain
·
2014:
Stanley Falkow
,
Mary-Claire King
,
Simon Levin
Química
Década de 1960
1964:
Roger Adams
Década de 1980
1982:
Frank Albert Cotton
e
Gilbert Stork
·
1983:
Roald Hoffmann
,
George Claude Pimentel
e
Richard Zare
·
1986:
Harry Barkus Gray
,
Yuan Lee
,
Carl Shipp Marvel
e
Frank Westheimer
·
1987:
William Summer Johnson
,
Walter Hugo Stockmayer
e
Max Tishler
·
1988:
William Oliver Baker
,
Konrad Bloch
e
Elias James Corey
·
1989:
Richard Barry Bernstein
,
Melvin Calvin
,
Rudolph Arthur Marcus
e
Harden McConnell
Década de 1990
1990:
Elkan Blout
,
Karl August Folkers
e
John Dombrowski Roberts
·
1991:
Ronald Breslow
,
Gertrude Elion
,
Dudley Robert Herschbach
e
Glenn Theodore Seaborg
·
1992:
Howard Ensign Simmons
·
1993:
Donald James Cram
e
Norman Hackerman
·
1994:
George Simms Hammond
·
1995:
Thomas Cech
e
Isabella Karle
·
1996:
Norman Davidson
·
1997:
Darleane Hoffman
e
Harold S. Johnston
·
1998:
John Werner Cahn
e
George Whitesides
·
1999:
Stuart Alan Rice
,
John Ross
e
Susan Solomon
Década de 2000
2000:
John Baldeschwieler
e
Ralph Hirschmann
·
2001:
Ernest Roy Davidson
e
Gábor Somorjai
·
2002:
John Brauman
·
2004:
Stephen Lippard
·
2006:
Marvin Harry Caruthers
e
Peter Dervan
·
2007:
Mostafa El-Sayed
·
2008:
Joanna Fowler
e
JoAnne Stubbe
·
2009:
Stephen James Benkovic
e
Marye Anne Fox
Década de 2010
2010:
Jacqueline Barton
e
Peter John Stang
·
2011:
Allen Joseph Bard
e
Frederick Hawthorne
·
2012:
Judith Klinman
,
Jerrold Meinwald
·
2013:
Geraldine Richmond
·
2014:
Paul Alivisatos
Ciências da Engenharia
Década de 1960
1962:
Theodore von Kármán
·
1963:
Vannevar Bush
e
John Robinson Pierce
·
1964:
Charles Stark Draper
·
1965:
Hugh Latimer Dryden
,
Clarence Johnson
e
Warren Lewis
·
1966:
Claude Shannon
·
1967:
Edwin Land
e
Igor Sikorsky
·
1968:
John Presper Eckert
e
Nathan M. Newmark
·
1969:
Jack Kilby
Década de 1970
1970:
George Mueller
·
1973:
Harold Eugene Edgerton
e
Richard Whitcomb
·
1974:
Rudolf Kompfner
,
Ralph Brazelton Peck
e
Abel Wolman
·
1975:
Manson Benedict
,
William Hayward Pickering
,
Frederick Terman
e
Wernher von Braun
·
1976:
Morris Cohen
,
Peter Carl Goldmark
e
Erwin Wilhelm Müller
·
1979:
Emmett Leith
,
Raymond Mindlin
,
Robert Noyce
,
Earl Randall Parker
e
Simon Ramo
Década de 1980
1982:
Edward Heinemann
e
Donald Katz
·
1983:
Bill Hewlett
,
George Low
e
John George Trump
·
1986:
Hans Wolfgang Liepmann
,
Tung-Yen Lin
e
Bernard Oliver
·
1987:
Robert Byron Bird
,
Harry Bolton Seed
e
Ernst Weber
·
1988:
Daniel Drucker
,
Willis Hawkins
e
George W. Housner
·
1989:
Harry George Drickamer
e
Herbert Earl Grier
Década de 1990
1990:
Mildred Dresselhaus
e
Nick Holonyak
·
1991:
George Heilmeier
,
Luna Leopold
e
Guyford Stever
·
1992:
Calvin Quate
e
John Roy Whinnery
·
1993:
Alfred Yi Cho
·
1994:
Ray Clough
·
1995:
Hermann Anton Haus
·
1996:
James Flanagan
e
Chandra Kumar Patel
·
1998:
Eli Ruckenstein
·
1999:
Kenneth N. Stevens
Década de 2000
2000:
Yuan-Cheng Fung
·
2001:
Andreas Acrivos
·
2002:
Leo Beranek
·
2003:
John Prausnitz
·
2004:
Edwin Lightfoot
·
2005:
Jan Achenbach
e
Tobin Marks
·
2006:
Robert Langer
·
2007:
David Wineland
·
2008:
Rudolf Kalman
·
2009:
Amnon Yariv
Década de 2010
2010:
Shu Chien
·
2011:
John Bannister Goodenough
·
2014:
Thomas Kailath
Ciências Matemáticas, Estatísticas e Computacionais
Década de 1960
1963:
Norbert Wiener
·
1964:
Solomon Lefschetz
e
Marston Morse
·
1965:
Oscar Zariski
·
1966:
John Milnor
·
1967:
Paul Cohen
·
1968:
Jerzy Neyman
·
1969:
William Feller
Década de 1970
1970:
Richard Brauer
·
1973:
John Tukey
·
1974:
Kurt Gödel
·
1975:
John Backus
,
Shiing-Shen Chern
e
George Dantzig
·
1976:
Kurt Otto Friedrichs
e
Hassler Whitney
·
1979:
Joseph Leo Doob
e
Donald Knuth
Década de 1980
1982:
Marshall Harvey Stone
·
1983:
Herman Goldstine
e
Isadore Singer
·
1986:
Peter Lax
e
Antoni Zygmund
·
1987:
Raoul Bott
e
Michael Freedman
·
1988:
Ralph Gomory
e
Joseph Keller
·
1989:
Samuel Karlin
,
Saunders Mac Lane
e
Donald Spencer
Década de 1990
1990:
George Carrier
,
Stephen Kleene
e
John McCarthy
·
1991:
Alberto Calderón
·
1992:
Allen Newell
·
1993:
Martin Kruskal
·
1994:
John Cocke
·
1995:
Louis Nirenberg
·
1996:
Richard Karp
e
Stephen Smale
·
1997:
Shing-Tung Yau
·
1998:
Cathleen Synge Morawetz
·
1999:
Felix Browder
e
Ronald Coifman
Década de 2000
2000:
John Griggs Thompson
e
Karen Uhlenbeck
·
2001:
Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao
e
Elias Stein
·
2002:
James Glimm
·
2003:
Carl de Boor
·
2004:
Dennis Sullivan
·
2005:
Bradley Efron
·
2006:
Hyman Bass
·
2007:
Leonard Kleinrock
e
Andrew Viterbi
·
2009:
David Mumford
Década de 2010
2010:
Richard Alfred Tapia
e
S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan
·
2011:
Solomon Wolf Golomb
e
Barry Mazur
·
2014:
Alexandre Chorin
,
David Blackwell
(póstuma)
·
2015:
Michael Artin
Ciências Físicas
Década de 1960
1963:
Luis Walter Alvarez
·
1964:
Julian Schwinger
,
Harold Clayton Urey
e
Robert Burns Woodward
·
1965:
John Bardeen
,
Peter Debye
,
Leon Max Lederman
e
William Walden Rubey
·
1966:
Jacob Bjerknes
,
Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
,
Henry Eyring
,
John Hasbrouck Van Vleck
e
Vladimir Zworykin
·
1967:
Jesse Beams
,
Francis Birch
,
Gregory Breit
·
Louis Plack Hammett
e
George Kistiakowsky
·
1968:
Paul Doughty Bartlett
,
Herbert Friedman
,
Lars Onsager
e
Eugene Paul Wigner
·
1969:
Herbert Charles Brown
e
Wolfgang Panofsky
Década de 1970
1970:
Robert Henry Dicke
,
Allan Rex Sandage
,
John Clarke Slater
,
John Archibald Wheeler
e
Saul Winstein
·
1973:
Carl Djerassi
,
William Maurice Ewing
,
Arie Jan Haagen-Smit
,
Vladimir Haensel
,
Frederick Seitz
e
Robert Rathbun Wilson
·
1974:
Nicolaas Bloembergen
,
Paul John Flory
,
William Alfred Fowler
,
Linus Pauling
e
Kenneth Sanborn Pitzer
·
1975:
Hans Bethe
,
Joseph Hirschfelder
,
Lewis Hastings Sarett
,
Edgar Bright Wilson
e
Chien-Shiung Wu
·
1976:
Samuel Abraham Goudsmit
,
Herbert S. Gutowsky
,
Frederick Rossini
,
Verner Suomi
,
Henry Taube
e
George Eugene Uhlenbeck
·
1979:
Richard Feynman
,
Hermann Mark
,
Edward Mills Purcell
,
John Sinfelt
,
Lyman Spitzer
e
Victor Weisskopf
Década de 1980
1982:
Philip Warren Anderson
,
Yoichiro Nambu
,
Edward Teller
e
Charles Hard Townes
·
1983:
Margaret Burbidge
,
Maurice Goldhaber
,
Helmut Landsberg
,
Walter Munk
,
Frederick Reines
,
Bruno Rossi
e
John Robert Schrieffer
·
1986:
Solomon Buchsbaum
,
Horace Crane
,
Herman Feshbach
,
Robert Hofstadter
e
Chen Ning Yang
·
1987:
Philip Abelson
,
Walter Elsasser
,
Paul Christian Lauterbur
,
George Pake
e
James Van Allen
·
1988:
David Allan Bromley
,
Chu Ching-wu
,
Walter Kohn
,
Norman Foster Ramsey
,
Jack Steinberger
·
1989:
Arnold Orville Beckman
,
Eugene Parker
,
Robert Sharp
e
Henry Stommel
Década de 1990
1990:
Allan Cormack
,
Edwin Mattison McMillan
,
Robert Pound
e
Roger Revelle
·
1991:
Arthur Schawlow
,
Ed Stone
e
Steven Weinberg
·
1992:
Eugene Shoemaker
·
1993:
Val Logsdon Fitch
e
Vera Rubin
·
1994:
Albert Overhauser
e
Frank Press
·
1995:
Hans Georg Dehmelt
e
Peter Goldreich
·
1996:
Wallace Smith Broecker
·
1997:
Marshall Rosenbluth
,
Martin Schwarzschild
e
George Wetherill
·
1998:
Don Lorraine Anderson
e
John Norris Bahcall
·
1999:
James Watson Cronin
e
Leo Kadanoff
Década de 2000
2000:
Willis Eugene Lamb
,
Jeremiah Paul Ostriker
e
Gilbert Fowler White
·
2001:
Marvin Cohen
,
Raymond Davis Jr.
e
Charles Keeling
·
2002:
Richard Garwin
,
William Jason Morgan
e
Edward Witten
·
2003:
Brent Dalrymple
,
Riccardo Giacconi
·
2004:
Robert N. Clayton
·
2005:
Ralph Alpher
e
Lonnie Thompson
·
2006:
Daniel Kleppner
·
2007:
Fay Ajzenberg-Selove
e
Charles Pence Slichter
·
2008:
Berni Alder
e
James Gunn
·
2009:
Yakir Aharonov
,
Esther Marley Conwell
e
Warren Washington
Década de 2010
2011:
Sidney Drell
,
Sandra Faber
,
Sylvester James Gates
·
2012:
Burton Richter
,
Sean Solomon
·
2014:
Shirley Ann Jackson
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