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NLRP12

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

NLRP12
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
AliasesNLRP12, CLR19.3, FCAS2, NALP12, PAN6, PYPAF7, RNO, RNO2, NLR family, pyrin domain containing 12, NLR family pyrin domain containing 12
External IDsOMIM: 609648; MGI: 2676630; HomoloGene: 16972; GeneCards: NLRP12; OMA:NLRP12 - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001277126
NM_001277129
NM_033297
NM_144687

NM_001033431

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001264055
NP_001264058
NP_653288

NP_001028603

Location (UCSC)Chr 19: 53.79 – 53.82 MbChr 7: 3.27 – 3.3 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor (NLR) pyrin domain (PYD)-containing protein 12 (NLRP12; also known as NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 12 or NALP12) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NLRP12 gene.[5][6][7]

NLRP Structure

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NLRPs, or NALPs, are cytoplasmic innate immune sensors that form a subfamily within the larger CATERPILLER protein family. Most short NLRP proteins, including NLRP12, have an N-terminal pyrin (MEFV; MIM 608107) domain (PYD), followed by a NACHT domain, a NACHT-associated domain (NAD), and a C-terminal leucine-rich repeat (LRR) region. The long NALP, NALP1 (MIM 606636), also has a C-terminal extension containing a function to find domain (FIIND) and a caspase recruitment domain (CARD). Some NLRPs, including NLRP12, are implicated in the activation of proinflammatory caspases (e.g., CASP1; MIM 147678) via their involvement in multiprotein complexes called inflammasomes in context-dependent manners [8] [supplied by OMIM].[7]

NLRP12 Function and Pathology

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NLRP12 is an innate immune cytosolic sensor and signaling molecule linked to several infections and inflammatory disorders.[9] It can form multimeric protein cell death complexes known as inflammasomes and PANoptosomes in response to specific stimuli.[10][11][12][13] NLRP12 has been reported as both a positive and negative regulator of immune signaling in context-dependent manners.[14][15][16] Infection with certain pathogens, such as Yersinia pestis or Plasmodium chabaudi, activates the NLRP12 inflammasome to release the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, which may help protect against severe infection.[9][11][12][13] However, NLRP12 acts as a negative regulator of the NF-kB and MAPK signaling pathways following infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, vesicular stomatitis virus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, or Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and in certain malignancies.[9][17] NLRP12 also inhibits signaling in T cells, which is linked to reduced atypical neuroinflammation and atopic dermatitis in mouse models.[18] NLRP12 has also been identified as an innate immune sensor that triggers inflammatory cell death, PANoptosis. PANoptosis is a prominent innate immune, inflammatory, and lytic cell death pathway initiated by innate immune sensors and driven by caspases and receptor-interacting protein kinases (RIPKs) through PANoptosomes. PANoptosomes are multi-protein complexes assembled by germline-encoded pattern-recognition receptor(s) (PRRs) (innate immune sensor(s)) in response to pathogens, including bacterial, viral, and fungal infections, as well as pathogen-associated molecular patterns, damage-associated molecular patterns, cytokines, and homeostatic changes during infections, inflammatory conditions, and cancer.[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] Through its activation of PANoptosis, NLRP12 has been implicated in pathology when heme is combined with specific components of cellular injury or infection.[12][13] This combination enables NLRP12 to assemble the NLRP12-PANoptosome and trigger cell death via caspase-8 and RIPK3. NLRP12 can also form a PANoptosome complex with other NLRs, including NLRC5  and NLRP3, in response to NAD+ depletion, driving PANoptosis.[19][34] NLRP12 expression is also elevated in patients with hemolytic diseases such as sickle cell disease and malaria, as well as infections such as SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and bacterial pneumonia.[35][36] Deletion of Nlrp12 protects against pathology in animal models of hemolytic disease.[12][13]

References

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  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000142405Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000078817Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
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  6. ^ Wang L, Manji GA, Grenier JM, Al-Garawi A, Merriam S, Lora JM, Geddes BJ, Briskin M, DiStefano PS, Bertin J (Aug 2002). "PYPAF7, a novel PYRIN-containing Apaf1-like protein that regulates activation of NF-kappa B and caspase-1-dependent cytokine processing". J Biol Chem. 277 (33): 29874–80. doi:10.1074/jbc.M203915200. PMID 12019269.
  7. ^ a b "Entrez Gene: NLRP12 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 12".
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Further reading

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