Austrian pharmacy in the 18 and 19th century
- PMID: 21179353
- PMCID: PMC3002810
- DOI: 10.3797/scipharm.1004-06
Austrian pharmacy in the 18 and 19th century
Abstract
This overview reflects the extensive changes in the health care system which had significant effects on the apothecaryâs profession and education. In the 18(th) century Maria Theresia assigned Gerard van Swieten to modernize the medical curriculum and to work out reforms for health care. The resulting sanitary bill released in 1770 and amended in 1773 became effective for the whole empire and influenced greatly the apothecaryâs profession. The Viennese Medical Faculty continued to be the supervisory body for the apothecaries, a situation which prolonged the conflicts between the faculty and the apothecaries. The financial and social distress prevalent in the 19(th) century also affected the apothecary business and led to a crisis of the profession. Furthermore, the apothecariesâ missing influence over the sanitary authorities delayed the release of a badly needed new apothecary bill until 1906. The introduction of a specific pharmaceutical curriculum at the university in 1853 was a great step forward to improve the pharmaceutical education. Nevertheless, the secondary school exam was not compulsory for the studies until 1920 and, therefore, the graduates were not on a par with other university graduates before that date. Women, except nuns, were not allowed to work as pharmacists until 1900.
Keywords: Apothecary; Austria; History of Pharmacy; Pharmaceutical education.
Similar articles
-
Gerard van Swieten, the Dutch personal physician of Empress Maria Theresia (1700-1780).Wien Med Wochenschr. 2020 Sep;170(11-12):320-324. doi: 10.1007/s10354-020-00775-w. Epub 2020 Aug 18. Wien Med Wochenschr. 2020. PMID: 32809077
-
[The development of the Austrian medical system-250 years ago the "Sanitäts-Hauptnormativ", 150 years ago the "Reichs-Sanitätsgesetz"].Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2020 Oct;132(Suppl 4):115-152. doi: 10.1007/s00508-020-01731-9. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2020. PMID: 33048212 German.
-
Van Swieten and the renaissance of the Vienna Medical School.World J Surg. 2001 Apr;25(4):444-50. doi: 10.1007/s002680020117. World J Surg. 2001. PMID: 11344396
-
Undergraduate veterinary education at University College Dublin: a time of change.J Vet Med Educ. 2006 Summer;33(2):214-9. doi: 10.3138/jvme.33.2.214. J Vet Med Educ. 2006. PMID: 16849299 Review.
-
The Report of the 2021-2022 AACP Research and Graduate Affairs Committee.Am J Pharm Educ. 2023 Jan;87(1):ajpe9454. doi: 10.5688/ajpe9454. Am J Pharm Educ. 2023. PMID: 36781185 Free PMC article. Review.
References
-
- Vocelka K. Glanz und Untergang der höfischen Welt 1699–1815. In: Wolfram H, editor; Österreichische Geschichte. Vienna: Ueberreuter; 2001. pp. 21–23.
-
- Noggler J. Die Vorträge der Hauptversammlung der Gesellschaft für Geschichte der Pharmazie. Stuttgart 16.6.–18.6.1936. Mittenwald: Verlag Arthur Nemayer; 1936. Die Wiener Apothekerordnungen 1564–1770; pp. 27–46.
-
- Schniderschitsch N. Die Geschichte der Pharmazie in Steiermark bis zum Jahre 1850. Allgemeiner Teil. Mittenwald: Verlag Arthur Nemayer, herausgegeben von der Gesellschaft für Geschichte der Pharmazie; 1928. pp. 49–51.
-
- Egglmaier HH. Geschichte der pharmazeutischen Ausbildung in Österreich. Teil 1. Die Ausbildung der Apotheker und Pharmazeuten in den Ländern des Habsburgerreiches bis 1853. Graz-Austria: Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt; 1985.
-
- Schwarz I. Geschichte des Wiener Apothekerwesens im Mittelalter. Vienna: Verlag des Wiener Apotheker-Hauptgremiums; 1917. pp. 1–29.
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources