Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2013 Oct;346(4):273-8.
doi: 10.1097/MAJ.0b013e31827333fb.

Severity of periodontal disease in individuals chewing betel quid with and without tobacco

Fawad Javed  1 , Howard C Tenenbaum, Getulio Nogueira-Filho, Faisal Qayyum, Fernanda O Bello Correa, Khalid Al-Hezaimi, Lakshman P Samaranayake
Affiliations

Severity of periodontal disease in individuals chewing betel quid with and without tobacco

Fawad Javed et al. Am J Med Sci. 2013 Oct.

Abstract

Background: The deleterious effects of chewing betel quid (BQ) with or without tobacco on periodontal health are poorly addressed. The aim of this study was to investigate the severity and extent of periodontal disease among individuals chewing BQ with and without tobacco.

Methods: One hundred twenty individuals (70 BQ chewers: 35 with tobacco and 35 without tobacco) and 50 control individuals (non-chewers) were included in this study. Sociodemographic data and information regarding BQ chewing habit were collected using a questionnaire. Plaque index, bleeding on probing and probing pocket depth were measured. Numbers of missing teeth were recorded and marginal bone loss was measured on panoramic radiographs. Statistical analyses were performed using 1-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test.

Results: The socioeconomic status of subjects in the control group was significantly higher as compared with those chewing BQ either with or without tobacco. Plaque index, bleeding on probing and probing pocket depth were greater in subjects chewing BQ with tobacco than in those chewing BQ without tobacco and the controls. Subjects chewing BQ with tobacco had fewer teeth than those chewing BQ without tobacco and the controls. Marginal bone loss was higher in subjects chewing BQ with tobacco than in those chewing BQ without tobacco and the controls.

Conclusions: The severity of periodontal disease is enhanced in subjects chewing BQ with tobacco as compared with those chewing BQ without tobacco. Subjects with a low socioeconomic status and poor education are significantly more likely than others to develop periodontal disease.

PubMed Disclaimer

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

MeSH terms