介紹
約瑟夫·普利茲生前是美國最著名的報人,他創立的編輯寫作制度至今都在影響著報業的運作,因而
普利茲獎中最重要的組成部分就是新聞類獎項。目前共包含突發新聞報導獎、調查報導獎等14個。但是“由於
普利茲敏銳、有遠見的洞察力”,該獎還設立了文藝類獎項,目前包括6個文學獎和一個音樂獎,而且正是這些非新聞類的獎項在一定程度上擴大了普利茲獎的影響力。目前普利茲獎每個獎項的獎金為一萬美元。
普利茲文學獎作品 最初
普利茲只設立了13個獎項,其中文學獎有5個,包括小說類、戲劇類和傳記類等等。但是出於長遠考慮,他決定設立一個監督諮詢委員會,由後者在將來確定獎項的設立、變更等等。幾十年來,這個委員會做出了一些很有突破性的決定,曾先後增設了攝影類和詩類獎項,並打破了“音樂獎的評選範圍僅限於古典音樂領域”的界限。
特色
普利茲文學獎的標新立異之處在於它與大眾口味的
背道而馳,暢銷的文學作品從不受它的垂青,即便大作家的作品也不例外。
諸如,1941年它就“拋棄”了紅極一時的《
喪鐘為誰而鳴》,直到12年後《
老人與海》問世時,它才將文學獎授予海明威。同樣如福克納的《
八月之光》也有此“待遇”。這種評選使得它經常被置於爭議之中,在一本《美國普利茲獎金內幕》的書中就曾提到,1988年曾有近50位作家給媒體寫信,怒稱兩名最受讀者推崇的美國黑人作家從未進入
普利茲獎的視野,並認為它有
種族主義傾向。而且普利茲文學獎空缺多屆,迄今已不下10次。
歷年獲獎名單
小說類 Fiction
2003 Middlesex(中性) by Jeffrey Eugenides
2002 Empire Falls(帝國的崩塌) by Richard Russo
2001 The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier(克萊奇遇記) & Clay by Michael Chabon
2000 Interpreter of Maladies(醫生的翻譯員) by Jhumpa Lahiri
1999 The Hours(小時) by Michael Cunningham
1998 American Pastoral(美國田園)by Philip Roth
1997 Martin Dressler: The Tale of an American Dreamer(馬丁·迪熱思爾:一個美國夢的故事) by Steven Millhauser
1996 Independence Day(獨立日) by Richard Ford
1995 The Stone Diaries(石頭日記) by Carol Shields
1994 The Shipping News(航運新聞) by E. Annie Proulx
1993 A Good Scent from a Strange Mountain(一個好的氣味從一個奇怪的山) by Robert Olen Butler
1992 A Thousand Acres(一千英畝) by Jane Smiley
1991 Rabbit at Rest(兔子安眠) by John Updike
1990 The Mambo Kings Play Songs of Love(馬博王愛的歌曲) by Oscar Hijuelos
1989 Breathing Lessons(呼吸課程) by Anne Tyler
1988 Beloved(心愛) by Toni Morrison
1987 A Summons to Memphis(傳票孟菲斯) by Peter Taylor
1986 Lonesome Dove(寂寞之鴿) by Larry McMurtry
1985 Foreign Affairs(外交事務) by Alison Lurie
1984 Ironweed(紫苑草) by William Kennedy
1983 The Color Purple(紫色姊妹花) by Alice Walker
1982 Rabbit Is Rich(兔子很有錢) by John Updike
1981 A Confederacy of Dunces(偉人有缺點是愚人的同謀) by John Kennedy Toole
1980 The Executioner’s Song(劊子手之歌) by Norman Mailer
1979 The Stories of John Cheever(約翰·奇���的故事)by John Cheever
1978 Elbow Room(擁擠的世界) by James Alan McPherson
1977 No Award (沒有頒獎,無獲獎作品)
1976 Humboldt’s Gifths(
洪堡的禮物) by Saul Bellow
1975 The Killer Angels(殺手天使) by Michael Shaara
1974 No Award (沒有頒獎,無獲獎作品)
1973 The Optimist’s Daughter(樂觀主義者的女兒) by Eudora Welty
1972 Angle of Repose(靜止的角度) by Wallace Stegner
1971 No Award (沒有頒獎,無獲獎作品)
1970 Collected Stories(故事集) by Jean Stafford
1969 House Made of Dawn(黎明之屋) by N. Scott Momaday
1968 The Confessions of Nat Turner by William Styron
1967 The Fixer(牢固) by Bernard Malamud
1966 Collected Stories(故事集) by Katherine Anne Porter
1965 The Keepers of the House(房子的守護者) by Shirley Ann Grau
非小說類 Nonfiction
2003 A Problem from Hell: America and the Age of Genocide( 從地獄的一個問題:美國和年齡的種族屠殺
)by Samantha Power
2002 Carry Me Home: Birmingham, Alabama: The Climactic Battle of the Civil Rights Revolution(帶我回家:
伯明罕阿拉巴馬州:戰鬥的高潮民權革命) by Diane McWhorter
2001 Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan( 昭和天皇,而且也塑造了人的現代日本)by Herbert P. Bix
2000 Embracing Defeat(擁抱失敗) by John W. Dower
1999 Annals of the Former World(這個前世界紀錄) by John McPhee
1998 Guns, Germs, and Steel( 槍炮、病菌與鋼鐵)by Jared Diamond
1997 Ashes to Ashes(灰飛煙滅) by Richard Kluger
1996 The Haunted Land(鬧鬼的土地) by Tina Rosenberg
1995 The Beak of the Finch(芬奇的嘴部) by Jonathan Weiner
1994 Lenin’s Tomb(列寧之墓) by David Remnick
1993 Lincoln at Gettysburg(林肯
葛底斯堡) by Garry Wills
1992 The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, and Power(這個獎:傳奇尋求石油、金錢和權力
) by Daniel Yergin
1991 The Ants(螞蟻) by Bert Hölldobler and Edward O. Wilson
1990 And Their Children After Them(和他們的孩子在後頭) by Dale Maharidge and Michael Williamson
1989 A Bright Shining Lie: John Paul Vann and America in Vietnam( 一個明���的撒謊:約翰·保羅和美國在越南)by Neil Sheehan
1988 The Making of the Atomic Bomb(製作核子彈) by Richard Rhodes
1987 Arab and Jew: Wounded Spirits in a Promised Land(阿拉伯人和猶太人:受傷的精神在應許之地) by David K. Shipler
1986 Common Ground(共同點) by J. Anthony Lukas
傳記類 Biography
2003 Master of the Senate: The Years of Lyndon Johnson(主人的
參議院:多年的詹森) by Robert A. Caro
2002 John Adams(約翰·亞當斯) by David McCullough
2001 W.E.B. Du Bois: The Fight for Equality and the American Century, 1919-1963(W.E.B.機械化和女性:爭取平等和美國的世紀,1919 - 1963) by David Levering Lewis
2000 Véra by Stacy Schiff
1999 Lindbergh(林德伯格) by A. Scott Berg
1998 Personal History(個人歷史) by Katharine Graham
1997 Angela’s Ashes(安琪拉的骨灰) by Frank McCourt
1996 God: A Biography(上帝:傳記) by Jack Miles
1995 Harriet Beecher Stowe: A Life(哈麗特·比徹·斯托:一種生命) by Joan D. Hedrick
1994 W.E.B. Du Bois: Biography of a Race, 1868-1919( W.E.B.機械化和女性:傳記的一場比賽,1868 - 1919)by David Levering Lewis
1993 Truman(
杜魯門) by David McCullough
1992 Fortunate Son(幸運的兒子) by Lewis B. Puller Jr.
1991 Jackson Pollock(
傑克遜·波洛克) by Steven Naifeh and Gregory White Smith
1990 Machiavelli in Hell(馬基雅維里在地獄) by Sebastian de Grazia
1989 Oscar Wilde(
奧斯卡·王爾德) by Richard Ellmann
1988 Look Homeward: A Life of Thomas Wolfe(看起來歸途上:
托馬斯·沃爾夫的生活) by David Herbert Donald
1987 Bearing the Cross by David J. Garrow
1986 Louise Bogan: A Portrait(路易斯·博甘:一幅肖像) by Elizabeth Frank
歷史類 History
2003 An Army at Dawn: The War in Africa, 1942-1943(軍隊在黎明的戰爭,在非洲,1942 - 1943) by Rick Atkinson
2002 The Metaphysical Club: A Story of Ideas in America(形上學的俱樂部,一個故事的想法在美國) by Louis Menand
2001 Founding Brothers: The Revolutionary Generation(成立兄弟:革命的一代) by Joseph J. Ellis
2000 Freedom from Fear(免除恐懼的自由) by David M. Kennedy
1999 Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898(
高譚市:一個歷史的紐約1898) by Edwin G. Burrows and Mike Wallace
1998 Summer for the Gods(眾神之夏) by Edward J. Larson
1997 Original Meanings: Politics and Ideas in the Making of the Constitution(原始含義:政治和思想使憲法的規定) by Jack N. Rakove
1996 William Cooper’s Town( 威廉·庫珀的城鎮)by Alan Taylor
1995 No Ordinary Time(一個不平凡的時間) by Doris Kearns Goodwin
1994 No Award (沒有獲獎作品)
1993 The Radicalism of the American Revolution(
美國革命的激進) by Gordon S. Wood
1992 The Fate of Liberty: Abraham Lincoln and Civil Liberties( 自由的命運:
亞伯拉罕·林肯和民權)by Mark E. Neely Jr.
1991 A Midwife’s TaleI(一個助產士的故事) by Laurel Thatcher Ulrich
1990 In Our Image: America’s Empire in the Philippines by Stanley Karnow
1989 Battle Cry of Freedom(吶喊的自由) by James M. McPherson
And Parting the Waters: America in the King Years, 1954-63(穿過水:美國在王年,1954 - 63)
by Taylor Branch
1988 The Launching of Modern American Science, 1846-1976(開展現代美國科學,1846 - 1976)by Robert V. Bruce
1987 Voyagers to the West(西部的星際旅客說有著特殊) by Bernard Bailyn
1986 The Heavens and the Earth(諸天與地) by Walter A. McDougall
戲劇類 Drama
2003 Anna in the Tropics(安娜在熱帶) by Nilo Cruz
2002 Topdog/Underdog by Suzan-Lori Parks
2001 Proof(證明) by David Auburn
2000 Dinner with Friends(友情晚餐) by Donald Margulies
1999 Wit(機智) by Margaret Edson
1998 How I Learned to Drive(我學會了開車嗎) by Paula Vogel
1997 No Award (沒有獲獎作品)
1996 Rent(租) by Jonathan Larson
1995 The Young Man from Atlanta by Horton Foote
1994 Three Tall Women(三個高個子女性) by Edward Albee
1993 Angels in America(天使在美國) by Tony Kushner
1992 The Kentucky Cycle(在
肯塔基州的周期)by Robert Schenkkan
1991 Lost in Yonkers(迷失在
揚克斯) by Neil Simon
1990 The Piano Lesson(鋼琴課) by August Wilson
1989 The Heidi Chronicles(海蒂的記載)by Wendy Wasserstein
1988 Driving Miss Daisy(
為戴茜小姐開車)by Alfred Uhry
1987 Fences(柵欄) by August Wilson
1986 No Award(沒有獲獎作品)
詩歌類 Poetry
2003 Moy Sand and Gravel(莫伊沙礫) by Paul Muldoon
2002 Practical Gods(實踐神) by Carl Dennis
2001 Different Hours(不同小時) by Stephen Dunn
2000 Repair(修復) by C.K. Williams
1999 Blizzard of One(暴雪) by Mark Strand
1998 Black Zodiac(黑色黃道帶) by Charles Wright
1997 Alive Together(一起活著) by Lisel Mueller
1996 The Dream of the Unified Front(夢想的統一戰線) by Jorie Graham
1995 The Simple Truth(簡單的事實) by Philip Levine
1994 Neon Vernacular(彩虹方言) by Yusef Komunyakaa
1993 The Wild Iris(野鳶尾) by Louise Gluck
1992 Selected Poems(詩選) by James Tate
1991 Near Changes(變化附近) by Mona Van Duyn
1990 The World Doesn’t End(世界上還沒有結束) by Charles Simic
1989 New and Collected Poems(新作與詩集) by Richard Wilbur
1988 Partial Accounts(部分賬戶) by William Meredith
1987 Thomas and Beulah by Rita Dove
1986 The Flying Changez(飛行改變) by Henry Taylor