金的同位素
外观
(重定向自金-197)
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標準原子質量 (Ar, 標準) |
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金(原子量:196.966570(4))有1種穩定同位素(197Au)及36種放射性同位素。
金-197是觀測上穩定的同位素,即理論上具有放射性,但實驗中未有觀察到。現時,金被認定是最重的單一同位素元素。
圖表
[编辑]符號 | Z | N | 同位素質量(u) [n 1][n 2] |
半衰期 [n 1][n 2] |
衰變 方式[2] |
衰變 產物 [n 3][n 4] |
原子核 自旋[n 1] |
相對豐度 (莫耳分率)[n 2] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
激發能量[n 1][n 2] | ||||||||
169Au | 79 | 90 | 168.99808(32)# | 150# µs | 1/2+# | |||
170Au | 79 | 91 | 169.99612(22)# | 310(50) µs [286(+50−40) µs] |
(2−) | |||
170mAu | 275(14) keV | 630(60) µs [0.62(+6−5) ms] |
(9+) | |||||
171Au | 79 | 92 | 170.991879(28) | 30(5) µs | p | 170Pt | (1/2+) | |
α (不常見) | 167Ir | |||||||
171mAu | 250(16) keV | 1.014(19) ms | α (54%) | 167Ir | 11/2− | |||
p (46%) | 170Pt | |||||||
172Au | 79 | 93 | 171.99004(17)# | 4.7(11) ms | α (98%) | 168Ir | high | |
p (2%) | 171Pt | |||||||
173Au | 79 | 94 | 172.986237(28) | 25(1) ms | α | 169Ir | (1/2+) | |
β+ (不常見) | 173Pt | |||||||
173mAu | 214(23) keV | 14.0(9) ms | α (96%) | 169Ir | (11/2−) | |||
β+ (4%) | 173Pt | |||||||
174Au | 79 | 95 | 173.98476(11)# | 139(3) ms | α | 170Ir | low | |
β+ (不常見) | 174Pt | |||||||
174mAu | 360(70)# keV | 171(29) ms | high | |||||
175Au | 79 | 96 | 174.98127(5) | 100# ms | α (82%) | 171Ir | 1/2+# | |
β+ (18%) | 175Pt | |||||||
175mAu | 200(30)# keV | 156(3) ms | α | 171Ir | 11/2−# | |||
β+ | 175Pt | |||||||
176Au | 79 | 97 | 175.98010(11)# | 1.08(17) s [0.84(+17−14) s] |
α (60%) | 172Ir | (5−) | |
β+ (40%) | 176Pt | |||||||
176mAu | 150(100)# keV | 860(160) ms | (7+) | |||||
177Au | 79 | 98 | 176.976865(14) | 1.462(32) s | β+ (60%) | 177Pt | (1/2+,3/2+) | |
α (40%) | 173Ir | |||||||
177mAu | 216(26) keV | 1.180(12) s | 11/2− | |||||
178Au | 79 | 99 | 177.97603(6) | 2.6(5) s | β+ (60%) | 178Pt | ||
α (40%) | 174Ir | |||||||
179Au | 79 | 100 | 178.973213(18) | 7.1(3) s | β+ (78%) | 179Pt | 5/2−# | |
α (22%) | 175Ir | |||||||
179mAu | 99(16) keV | (11/2−) | ||||||
180Au | 79 | 101 | 179.972521(23) | 8.1(3) s | β+ (98.2%) | 180Pt | ||
α (1.8%) | 176Ir | |||||||
181Au | 79 | 102 | 180.970079(21) | 13.7(14) s | β+ (97.3%) | 181Pt | (3/2−) | |
α (2.7%) | 177Ir | |||||||
182Au | 79 | 103 | 181.969618(22) | 15.5(4) s | β+ (99.87%) | 182Pt | (2+) | |
α (.13%) | 178Ir | |||||||
183Au | 79 | 104 | 182.967593(11) | 42.8(10) s | β+ (99.2%) | 183Pt | (5/2)− | |
α (.8%) | 179Ir | |||||||
183m1Au | 73.3(4) keV | >1 µs | (1/2)+ | |||||
183m2Au | 230.6(6) keV | <1 µs | (11/2)− | |||||
184Au | 79 | 105 | 183.967452(24) | 20.6(9) s | β+ | 184Pt | 5+ | |
184mAu | 68.46(1) keV | 47.6(14) s | β+ (70%) | 184Pt | 2+ | |||
IT (30%) | 184Au | |||||||
α (.013%) | 180Ir | |||||||
185Au | 79 | 106 | 184.965789(28) | 4.25(6) min | β+ (99.74%) | 185Pt | 5/2− | |
α (.26%) | 181Ir | |||||||
185mAu | 100(100)# keV | 6.8(3) min | 1/2+# | |||||
186Au | 79 | 107 | 185.965953(23) | 10.7(5) min | β+ (99.9992%) | 186Pt | 3− | |
α (8×10−4%) | 182Ir | |||||||
186mAu | 227.77(7) keV | 110(10) ns | 2+ | |||||
187Au | 79 | 108 | 186.964568(27) | 8.4(3) min | β+ (99.997%) | 187Pt | 1/2+ | |
α (.003%) | 183Ir | |||||||
187mAu | 120.51(16) keV | 2.3(1) s | IT | 187Au | 9/2− | |||
188Au | 79 | 109 | 187.965324(22) | 8.84(6) min | β+ | 188Pt | 1(−) | |
189Au | 79 | 110 | 188.963948(22) | 28.7(3) min | β+ (99.9997%) | 189Pt | 1/2+ | |
α (3×10−4%) | 185Ir | |||||||
189m1Au | 247.23(16) keV | 4.59(11) min | β+ | 189Pt | 11/2− | |||
IT (不常見) | 189Au | |||||||
189m2Au | 325.11(16) keV | 190(15) ns | 9/2− | |||||
189m3Au | 2554.7(12) keV | 242(10) ns | 31/2+ | |||||
190Au | 79 | 111 | 189.964700(17) | 42.8(10) min | β+ | 190Pt | 1− | |
α (10−6%) | 186Ir | |||||||
190mAu | 200(150)# keV | 125(20) ms | IT | 190Au | 11−# | |||
β+ (不常見) | 190Pt | |||||||
191Au | 79 | 112 | 190.96370(4) | 3.18(8) h | β+ | 191Pt | 3/2+ | |
191m1Au | 266.2(5) keV | 920(110) ms | IT | 191Au | (11/2−) | |||
191m2Au | 2490(1) keV | >400 ns | ||||||
192Au | 79 | 113 | 191.964813(17) | 4.94(9) h | β+ | 192Pt | 1− | |
192m1Au | 135.41(25) keV | 29 ms | IT | 192Au | (5#)+ | |||
192m2Au | 431.6(5) keV | 160(20) ms | (11−) | |||||
193Au | 79 | 114 | 192.964150(11) | 17.65(15) h | β+ | 193Pt | 3/2+ | |
193m1Au | 290.19(3) keV | 3.9(3) s | IT (99.97%) | 193Au | 11/2− | |||
β+ (.03%) | 193Pt | |||||||
193m2Au | 2486.5(6) keV | 150(50) ns | (31/2+) | |||||
194Au | 79 | 115 | 193.965365(11) | 38.02(10) h | β+ | 194Pt | 1− | |
194m1Au | 107.4(5) keV | 600(8) ms | IT | 194Au | (5+) | |||
194m2Au | 475.8(6) keV | 420(10) ms | (11−) | |||||
195Au | 79 | 116 | 194.9650346(14) | 186.098(47) d | ε | 195Pt | 3/2+ | |
195mAu | 318.58(4) keV | 30.5(2) s | IT | 195Au | 11/2− | |||
196Au | 79 | 117 | 195.966570(3) | 6.1669(6) d | β+ (93.05%) | 196Pt | 2− | |
β− (6.95%) | 196Hg | |||||||
196m1Au | 84.660(20) keV | 8.1(2) s | IT | 196Au | 5+ | |||
196m2Au | 595.66(4) keV | 9.6(1) h | 12− | |||||
197Au[n 5] | 79 | 118 | 196.9665687(6) | 觀測上穩定[n 6] | 3/2+ | 1.0000 | ||
197mAu | 409.15(8) keV | 7.73(6) s | IT | 197Au | 11/2− | |||
198Au | 79 | 119 | 197.9682423(6) | 2.69517(21) d | β− | 198Hg | 2− | |
198m1Au | 312.2200(20) keV | 124(4) ns | 5+ | |||||
198m2Au | 811.7(15) keV | 2.27(2) d | IT | 198Au | (12−) | |||
199Au | 79 | 120 | 198.9687652(6) | 3.139(7) d | β− | 199Hg | 3/2+ | |
199mAu | 548.9368(21) keV | 440(30) µs | (11/2)− | |||||
200Au | 79 | 121 | 199.97073(5) | 48.4(3) min | β− | 200Hg | 1(−) | |
200mAu | 970(70) keV | 18.7(5) h | β− (82%) | 200Hg | 12− | |||
IT (18%) | 200Au | |||||||
201Au | 79 | 122 | 200.971657(3) | 26(1) min | β− | 201Hg | 3/2+ | |
202Au | 79 | 123 | 201.97381(18) | 28.8(19) s | β− | 202Hg | (1−) | |
203Au | 79 | 124 | 202.975155(3) | 53(2) s | β− | 203Hg | 3/2+ | |
204Au | 79 | 125 | 203.97772(22)# | 39.8(9) s | β− | 204Hg | (2−) | |
205Au | 79 | 126 | 204.97987(32)# | 31(2) s | β− | 205Hg | 3/2+ |
- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 畫上#號的數據代表沒有經過實驗的証明,僅為理論推測。
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 用括號括起來的數據代表不確定性。
- ^ 穩定的衰變產物以粗體表示。
- ^ 半衰期超过5亿年的衰变产物以粗斜体表示。
- ^ Potential material for salted bombs
- ^ Believed to undergo α decay to 193Ir
← | 同位素列表 | → |
鉑的同位素 | 金的同位素 | 汞的同位素 |
参考文獻
[编辑]- ^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2022-05-04. ISSN 1365-3075. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603 (英语).
- ^ Universal Nuclide Chart
. nucleonica. [2015-10-06]. (原始内容存档于2017-02-19).
- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.
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