Silikon silih tunggil datu kimia antuk simbol Si miwah wilangan atom 14. Marupa padatan kristal sané katos miwah rapuh antuk warna nyalang métalik pelung-klawu, miwah pinaka tétravalén métaloid miwah sémikonduktor . Dados anggota saking seka 14 ring tabél périodik: karbon ring duurné; taler gérmanium , timah , miwah timbal wénten ring betén nyané. Datu nyané relatip nénten réaktip. Mawinan afinitas kimia sané tegeh majeng oksigén , wawu warsa 1823 Jöns Jakob Berzelius kapartama prasida mataki-taki miwah ngarakterisasi ring rupa murni.
Silikon, 14 Si Silikon silikon· Pabaosan Cingakan kristal, réfléktif mawarna pérak masawang pelung Bobot atom standar A r, std (Si) [7001280840000000000♠ 28.084 , 7001280860000000000♠ 28.086 ] konvénsional: 7001280850000000000♠ 28.085 Silikon ring tabél périodik
Wilangan atom (Z ) 14 Watek golongan 14 (golongan karbon) Période période 3 Blok blok-p Konpigurasi éléktron [Né ] 3s2 3p2 Éléktron per kulit 2, 8, 4 Cecirén pisik Pase ring STP padet Titik lebur 1687 K (1414 °C, 2577 °F) Titik didih 3538 K (3265 °C, 5909 °F) Kapadetan (nampek s.r. ) 2.3290 g/cm3 ri kala éncéh (ring t.l. ) 2.57 g/cm3 Panes fusi 50.21 kJ/mol Panes panguapan 383 kJ/mol Kapasitas panes molar 19.789 J/(mol·K) Tekanan uap
P (Pa)
1
10
100
1 k
10 k
100 k
at T (K)
1908
2102
2339
2636
3021
3537
Cecirén atom Paindikan oksidasi −4 , −3, −2, −1, 0,[ 1] +1,[ 2] +2, +3, +4 (oksida ampotér )Kaéléktronégatipan skala Pauling: 1.90 Wasa ionisasi ka-1: 786.5 kJ/mol ka-2: 1577.1 kJ/mol ka-3: 3231.6 kJ/mol (malih ) Jeriji atom émpiris: 111 pm Jeriji kovalén 111 pm Jeriji Van der Waals 210 pm Garis spéktral saking silikonCecirén liyanan Rupa alami primordial Struktur kristal kubus-rombus acuan ajeng Kagelisan swara pales tipis 8433 m/s (ring 20 °C) Ékspansi térmal 2.6 µm/(m⋅K) (ring 25 °C) Konduktivitas térmal 149 W/(m⋅K) Resistivitas listrik 2.3×103 Ω⋅m (ring 20 °C)[ 3] Selaan pita 1.12 eV (ring 300 K) bacakan magnétik diamagnétik [ 4] Karentanan magnétik molar 3005610000000000000♠ −3.9× 10−6 cm3 /mol (298 K)[ 5] Modulus Young 130–188 GPa[ 6] Modulus Shear 51–80 GPa[ 6] Modulus Bulk 97.6 GPa[ 6] Rasio Poisson 0.064–0.28[ 6] Kakatosan Mohs 6.5 Nomor CAS 7440-21-3 Lelintihan Pangaranan saking basa Latin 'silex' utawi 'silicis', maartos watu api Pancawangan Antoine Lavoisier (1787) Panemuan miwah isolasi kapertamaJöns Jacob Berzelius [ 7] [ 8] (1823)Kaaranin olih Thomas Thomson (1817) Isotop utama silikon
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↑ "New Type of Zero-Valent Tin Compound" . Chemistry Europe . 27 August 2016.
↑ Ram, R. S.; et al. (1998). "Fourier Transform Emission Spectroscopy of the A2D–X2P Transition of SiH and SiD" (PDF) . J. Mol. Spectr . 190 (2): 341–352. doi :10.1006/jmsp.1998.7582 . PMID 9668026 .
↑ Eranna, Golla (2014). Crystal Growth and Evaluation of Silicon for VLSI and ULSI . CRC Press. p. 7. ISBN 978-1-4822-3281-3 .
↑ Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds , in Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (édisi ka-86). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5 .
↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4 .
↑ 6,0 6,1 6,2 6,3 Hopcroft, Matthew A.; Nix, William D.; Kenny, Thomas W. (2010). "What is the Young's Modulus of Silicon?" . Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems . 19 (2): 229. doi :10.1109/JMEMS.2009.2039697 .
↑ Weeks, Mary Elvira (1932). "The discovery of the elements: XII. Other elements isolated with the aid of potassium and sodium: beryllium, boron, silicon, and aluminum". Journal of Chemical Education . 9 (8): 1386–1412. Bibcode :1932JChEd...9.1386W . doi :10.1021/ed009p1386 .
↑ Voronkov, M. G. (2007). "Silicon era". Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry . 80 (12): 2190. doi :10.1134/S1070427207120397 .