存

See also: 仔

存	U+5B58, 存 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5B58

← 字
[U+5B57]

CJK Unified Ideographs

孙 →
[U+5B59]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

存 (Kangxi radical 39, 子+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 大中弓木 (KLND), four-corner 4024₇, composition ⿸𠂇⿰丨子)

Derived characters

侟𠱜𢙨拵洊𤞐𨒸𣆱栫珔𦛊袸𧋃臶銌𨚲荐𤶐

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 278, character 2
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6943
Dae Jaweon: page 545, character 8
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1009, character 7
Unihan data for U+5B58

Chinese

simp. and trad.		存

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (存) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
荐	*zlɯːns
洊	*zlɯːns
臶	zlɯːns, zluːns
栫	zlɯːns, zluːns
袸	zlɯːns, zluːn
存	*zluːn
拵	*zluːn

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zluːn) : phonetic 才 (OC *zlɯː, *zlɯːs) + semantic 子.

Etymology

Possibly the demonstrative *-n derivation from 在 (OC *zlɯːʔ) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): cún (cun²)

(Zhuyin): ㄘㄨㄣˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): en² / cun²
Cantonese (Jyutping): cyun⁴
Gan (Wiktionary): cun²
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chhùn / sùn

(Meixian, Guangdong): cun²
Jin (Wiktionary): cung¹
Northern Min (KCR): cǒ̤ng
Eastern Min (BUC): còng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chûn

(Teochew, Peng'im): cung⁵
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶zen
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zen²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: cún
  - Zhuyin: ㄘㄨㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cún
  - Wade–Giles: tsʻun²
  - Yale: tswún
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tswen
  - Palladius: цунь (cunʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰu̯ən³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: en² / cun²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: en / cun
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ən²¹/, /t͡sʰuən²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: cyun⁴
  - Yale: chyùhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsyn⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: qun⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰyːn²¹/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: cun²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰun²⁴/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhùn / sùn
  - Hakka Romanization System: cun^ˇ / sun^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: cun² / sun²
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰun¹¹/, /sun¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: cun²
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰun¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: cung¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰũŋ¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cǒ̤ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɔŋ²¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: còng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡souŋ⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chûn
  - Tâi-lô: tsûn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zuun
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sun²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sun²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sun¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sun²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sun²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: cung⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshûng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuŋ⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶zen
  - MiniDict: zen^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³zen
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zən²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: zen²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sən¹³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 存
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡sʰuən³⁵/
	Harbin	/t͡sʰuən²⁴/
	Tianjin	/t͡sʰuən⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/t͡sʰuẽ⁴²/
	Qingdao	/t͡sʰuə̃⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡sʰuən⁴²/
	Xi'an	/t͡sʰuẽ²⁴/
	Xining	/t͡sʰuə̃²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/t͡sʰuŋ⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/t͡sʰũn⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/t͡sʰuŋ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/t͡sʰən²¹³/
	Chengdu	/t͡sʰən³¹/ /t͡sʰuən³¹/
	Guiyang	/t͡sʰen²¹/
	Kunming	/t͡sʰuə̃³¹/
	Nanjing	/t͡sʰun²⁴/
	Hefei	/t͡sʰən⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡sʰuəŋ¹¹/
	Pingyao	/t͡sʰuŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡sʰũŋ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/zəŋ²³/
	Suzhou	/zən¹³/
	Hangzhou	/d͡zen²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/zø³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡sʰʌ̃⁴⁴/
Hui	Tunxi	/t͡sʰuːə⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡sən¹³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/d͡zən¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡sʰun²⁴/
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡sʰun¹¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/t͡sʰun¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sʰyn²¹/
	Nanning	/t͡sʰyn²¹/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sʰyn²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/t͡sun³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/t͡souŋ⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/t͡sɔŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/t͡sʰuŋ⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/sun³¹/

Middle Chinese: dzwon

Rime
Character	存
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	魂 (55)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	徂尊切
Baxter	dzwon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡zuən/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡zuon/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zuən/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡zwən/
Li Rong	/d͡zuən/
Wang Li	/d͡zuən/
Bernard Karlgren	/d͡zʱuən/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cún
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cyun⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]ˤə[n]/

(Zhengzhang): /*zluːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	存
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	cún
Middle Chinese	‹ dzwon ›
Old Chinese	/*[dz]ˁə[n]/
English	exist
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	存
Reading #	1/1
No.	1905
Phonetic component	存
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	存
Old Chinese	/*zluːn/

Definitions

存

Synonyms

(to exist):

edit

在
存在 (cúnzài)
有
留存 (liúcún)

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

存

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

exist

Readings

Go-on: ぞん (zon, Jōyō)
Kan-on: そん (son, Jōyō)
Kun: ある (aru, 存る); たもつ (tamotsu, 存つ); とう (tou, 存う); ながらえる (nagaraeru, 存える)

Compounds

保(ほ)存(ぞん) (hozon, “preservation”)
存(そん)続(ぞく) (sonzoku, “duration”)
依(い)存(ぞん) (izon, “depend”)
依(い)存(ぞん)症(しょう) (izonshō, “addiction”)
現(げん)存(ぞん) (genzon, “existence”)
共(きょう)存(ぞん) (kyōzon, “coexistence”)
生(せい)存(ぞん) (seizon, “living, life”)
生(せい)存(ぞん)権(けん) (seizonken, “right to life”)
残(ざん)存(ぞん) (zanzon, “survival”)
存(そん)立(りつ) (sonritsu, “existence”)
存(そん)否(ぴ) (sonpi, “existence or nonexistence”)
存(ぞん)心(しん) (zonshin, “inner thoughts”)

Korean

Hanja

存 (eum 존 (jon))

to have
to exist
to be living

Compounds

존재 (存在, jonjae, “existence”)
기존 (旣存, gijon, “existing”)
의존 (依存, uijon, “dependence”)
보존 (保存, bojon, “preservation”)
생존 (生存, saengjon, “survival”)

Vietnamese

Han character

存: Hán Nôm readings: tồn, dòn, sòn, ròn, tòn

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