忘

See also: 忙

忘	U+5FD8, 忘 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5FD8

← 志
[U+5FD7]

CJK Unified Ideographs

忙 →
[U+5FD9]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

忘 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 卜女心 (YVP), four-corner 0033₁, composition ⿱亡心)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 376, character 24
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10333
Dae Jaweon: page 703, character 9
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2270, character 9
Unihan data for U+5FD8

Chinese

trad.		忘
simp. ^#		忘

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 忘
Warring States		Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (亡) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
忙	*maːŋ
芒	maːŋ, maŋ
茫	*maːŋ
恾	*maːŋ
吂	maːŋ, maːŋs
汒	maːŋ, maŋs
朚	maːŋ, hmaːŋ, maŋ, mraːŋ, *mraːŋs
邙	maːŋ, maŋ
杗	maːŋ, maŋ
荒	hmaːŋ, hmaːŋs
肓	*hmaːŋ
衁	*hmaːŋ
巟	*hmaːŋ
詤	hmaːŋ, hmaːŋʔ, *hmaŋʔ
慌	hmaːŋ, hmaːŋʔ
謊	*hmaːŋʔ
喪	smaːŋs, smaːŋ
亡	*maŋ
望	maŋ, maŋs
莣	*maŋ
朢	maŋ, maŋs
鋩	*maŋ
硭	*maŋ
忘	maŋ, maŋs
网	*mlaŋʔ
罔	*mlaŋʔ
蛧	*maŋʔ
網	*mlaŋʔ
輞	*maŋʔ
棢	*maŋʔ
惘	*maŋʔ
菵	*maŋʔ
誷	*maŋʔ
魍	*maŋʔ
妄	*maŋs
盲	*mraːŋ
蝱	*mraːŋ
虻	*mraːŋ
氓	*mraːŋ
甿	*mraːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *maŋ, *maŋs) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : phonetic 亡 (OC *maŋ, “to lose, disappear, flee”) + semantic 心 (“heart”)

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ma (“not”). Originally the same word as 亡 (OC *maŋ, “to lose, disappear, flee”) as suggested by Shijing rimes, but it was later suffixed with a perfective suffix *-s (or *-h), literally "it has disappeared (from mind)" (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): wàng, wáng

(Zhuyin): ㄨㄤˋ, ㄨㄤˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): wang⁴

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): вон (von, III)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): mong⁴

(Taishan, Wiktionary): mong³
Gan (Wiktionary): mong⁴ / mong⁵ / uong⁴ / uong⁵
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mong
Jin (Wiktionary): von³
Northern Min (KCR): uǎng
Eastern Min (BUC): uòng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): bōng / bông

(Teochew, Peng'im): bhuang⁵
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶maon; ⁶vaon; ⁶waon
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): uan²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: wàng
  - Zhuyin: ㄨㄤˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: wàng
  - Wade–Giles: wang⁴
  - Yale: wàng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wanq
  - Palladius: ван (van)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɑŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, literary variant)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: wáng
  - Zhuyin: ㄨㄤˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: wáng
  - Wade–Giles: wang²
  - Yale: wáng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wang
  - Palladius: ван (van)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɑŋ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: wang⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: uong
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /uaŋ²¹³/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: вон (von, III)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /vɑŋ⁴⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: mong⁴
  - Yale: mòhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mong⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: mong⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɔːŋ²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: mong³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ᵐbɔŋ²²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: mong⁴ / mong⁵ / uong⁴ / uong⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɔŋ³⁵/, /mɔŋ¹¹/, /uɔŋ³⁵/, /uɔŋ¹¹/

Note:

mong4, mong5 - vernacular;
uong4, uong5 - literary.

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mong
  - Hakka Romanization System: mong
  - Hagfa Pinyim: mong⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /moŋ⁵⁵/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: von³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /vɒ̃⁴⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: uǎng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /uaŋ²¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: uòng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /uoŋ⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bōng
  - Tâi-lô: bōng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bong
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /bɔŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /bɔŋ²²/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /bɔŋ³³/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bông
  - Tâi-lô: bông
  - Phofsit Daibuun: boong
  - IPA (Taipei): /bɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɔŋ²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: bhuang⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: buâng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /buaŋ⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶maon; ⁶vaon; ⁶waon
  - MiniDict: maon^去; vaon^去; waon^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³maan; ³vaan; ³hhuaan
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /mɑ̃²³/, /vɑ̃²³/, /ɦuɑ̃²³/

Note:

⁶maon - vernacular;
⁶vaon, ⁶waon - literary.

Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: uan²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /u̯an¹³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 忘
Mandarin	Beijing	/uɑŋ⁵¹/
	Harbin	/uaŋ⁵³/
	Tianjin	/vɑŋ⁵³/
	Jinan	/vaŋ²¹/
	Qingdao	/vaŋ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/uaŋ³¹²/
	Xi'an	/uaŋ⁴⁴/
	Xining	/uɔ̃²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/vɑŋ¹³/
	Lanzhou	/vɑ̃¹³/
	Ürümqi	/vɑŋ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/uaŋ²¹³/ /uaŋ³⁵/
	Chengdu	/uaŋ¹³/
	Guiyang	/uaŋ²¹³/
	Kunming	/uã̠²¹²/
	Nanjing	/uaŋ⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/uɑ̃⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/vɒ̃⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/uɑŋ³⁵/ /uə³⁵/ ～下了
	Hohhot	/vɑ̃⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/mɑ̃²³/ /huɑ̃²³/
	Suzhou	/mɑ̃³¹/
	Hangzhou	/mɑŋ¹³/ /vɑŋ¹³/
	Wenzhou	/ɦuɔ³¹/ /muɔ³¹/ /maŋ³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/o²²/ /mɔ²²/
Hui	Tunxi	/mau¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/uan¹³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/uɔn¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/mɔŋ²¹/ ～記 /uɔŋ²¹/ ～性大
Hakka	Meixian	/moŋ¹¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/moŋ¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/mɔŋ²¹/
	Nanning	/mɔŋ²¹/ /mɔŋ²²/
	Hong Kong	/mɔŋ²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/bɔŋ²²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/uɔŋ²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/uaŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/buaŋ⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/vaŋ³¹/

Middle Chinese: mjangH

Rime
Character	忘
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	陽 (106)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	巫放切
Baxter	mjangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mʉɐŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/mʷiɐŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/miuɑŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/muaŋ^H/
Li Rong	/miuaŋ^H/
Wang Li	/mĭwaŋ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/miwaŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wàng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mong⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*maŋ/, /*maŋ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*maŋ/, /*maŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	忘	忘
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wáng	wàng
Middle Chinese	‹ mjang ›	‹ mjang^H ›
Old Chinese	/*maŋ/	/*maŋ-s/
English	forget	forget
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	忘	忘
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	12672	12683
Phonetic component	亡	亡
Rime group	陽	陽
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	亡	妄
Old Chinese	/*maŋ/	/*maŋs/

Definitions

忘

to forget
to neglect
to miss; to omit

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 忘記 (“to forget”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		忘, 忽忘
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		忘, 忘記, 忘掉, 忘卻, 忘懷, 遺忘
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	忘
	Taiwan	忘
	Harbin	忘
	Shenyang	忘
	Singapore	忘記
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	忘
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	忘
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	忘
	Wanrong	忘
	Xi'an	忘
	Xining	忘掉, 忘下
	Xuzhou	忘, 忘記
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	忘, 忘記
	Lanzhou	忘掉
	Ürümqi	忘掉
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	忘, 忘記, 記不倒
	Wuhan	忘記
	Guiyang	忘, 忘記
	Kunming	忘記
	Guilin	忘記
	Liuzhou	忘記, 打忘記
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	記不得, 忘記, 忘得
	Yangzhou	忘記, 記不得
	Hefei	忘記, 忘失
Cantonese	Guangzhou	唔記得, 忘記
	Hong Kong	唔記得
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	唔記得
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	唔記得
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	忘記
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	忘記
	Macau	落記, 唔記得
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	唔記得
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	唔記得
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	唔記得
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	唔記得
	Foshan	唔記得
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	唔記得
	Foshan (Shunde)	落記
	Foshan (Sanshui)	唔記得
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	唔記得
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	落記
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	唔記得
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	唔記得
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	唔記得
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	唔記得
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	唔記得
	Taishan	唔記得
	Kaiping (Chikan)	唔記得
	Enping (Niujiang)	唔記緊
	Heshan (Yayao)	唔記得
	Dongguan	唔記得
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	唔記得
	Shaoguan	唔記得
	Yunfu	唔記得
	Yangjiang	無記得
	Xinyi	冇記得
	Lianjiang	冇記得
	Nanning	忘記, 打忘記
	Wuzhou	打忘記, 唔記得
	Yulin	忘記
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	忘記, 冇記倒
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	唔記得
	Singapore (Guangfu)	唔記得, 忘記
Gan	Nanchang	忘記, 不記得
Hakka	Meixian	添忘, 添放, 唔記得
	Xingning	添忘
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	忘記
	Huidong (Daling)	添忘
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	添放, 唔記得
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	添放, 唔記得
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	唔記得
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	忘記
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	忘記
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	忘記
	Changting	添放, 添忘
	Wuping	添放
	Wuping (Pingyu)	添放
	Liancheng	添放
	Ninghua	拿撇掉
	Yudu	記忘
	Ruijin	唔記得, 來記掉
	Shicheng	來記
	Shangyou (Shexi)	來忘
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	唔記得, 添放
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	唔記得, 添放
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	唔記得
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	唔記得
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	唔記得
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	唔記得, 添放
	Hong Kong	添忘
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	忘記
	Sabah (Longchuan)	忘記, 唔記得
	Senai (Huiyang)	忘記
	Singkawang	唔記得
Huizhou	Jixi	忘記
Jin	Taiyuan	忘, 忘記
Jin	Xinzhou	忘記
Northern Min	Jian'ou	撈暴, 𣍐記得
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	𣍐記
	Fuqing	𣍐記
	Gutian	𣍐記
	Fu'an	𣍐記
	Ningde	𣍐記
	Shouning	𣍐記
	Zhouning	𣍐記
	Fuding	𣍐記
	Matsu	𣍐記
Southern Min	Xiamen	𣍐記得, 𣍐記
	Quanzhou	𣍐記得, 𣍐記
	Anxi	𣍐記
	Zhangzhou	𣍐記
	Pinghe	𣍐記
	Zhao'an	𣍐記得
	Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang)	𣍐記得
	Changhua (Yongjing)	𣍐記得
	Tainan	𣍐記得
	Tainan (Anping)	𣍐記得
	Penang (Hokkien)	𣍐記
	Singapore (Hokkien)	𣍐記
	Manila (Hokkien)	𣍐記得
	Chaozhou	唔記得, 忘記
	Shantou	唔記得, 忘記
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	唔記得
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	唔記得
	Singapore (Teochew)	𣍐記
	Leizhou	無記著
	Haikou	無記著, 無憶著
Puxian Min	Putian	𣍐記
Puxian Min	Xianyou	𣍐記
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	唔記得
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	打忘記
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	忘記
Wu	Shanghai	忘記
	Shanghai (Chongming)	忘記
	Suzhou	忘記
	Danyang	忘記, 忘煞
	Hangzhou	忘記
	Wenzhou	慲記
	Jinhua	忘記
Xiang	Changsha	不記得, 忘記
	Shuangfeng	不記得, 忘記
	Quanzhou	忘記

Compounds

References

Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A01309
“忘”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

忘

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

forget

Readings

Go-on: もう (mō)^{←まう (mau, historical)}
Kan-on: ぼう (bō, Jōyō)^{←ばう (bau, historical)}
Kun: わすれる (wasureru, 忘れる, Jōyō)

Compounds

Korean

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ma̠ŋ]
Phonetic hangul: [망]

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

忘

Wikisource

忘 (eumhun 잊을 망 (ijeul mang))

hanja form^? of 망 (“forget”)
hanja form^? of 망 (“neglect”)
hanja form^? of 망 (“miss, omit”)

Vietnamese

Han character

忘: Hán Nôm readings: vong

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.