諫

See also: 諌 and 谏

諫	U+8AEB, 諫 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8AEB

← 諪
[U+8AEA]

CJK Unified Ideographs

諬 →
[U+8AEC]

Translingual

Traditional	諫
Shinjitai (extended)	諌
Simplified	谏

Han character

諫 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+9, 16 strokes, cangjie input 卜口木田火 (YRDWF), four-corner 0569₆, composition ⿰訁柬)

Derived characters

𫋨, 𠣂

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1170, character 17
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35724
Dae Jaweon: page 1636, character 6
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3995, character 9
Unihan data for U+8AEB

Chinese

trad.		諫
simp.		谏
2nd round simp.		𫍝
alternative forms		諌／𮷅

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 諫
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (柬) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
蘭	*ɡ·raːn
攔	*ɡ·raːn
欄	*ɡ·raːn
瀾	ɡ·raːn, ɡ·raːns
讕	ɡ·raːn, ɡ·raːnʔ, *ɡ·raːns
闌	*ɡ·raːn
韊	*ɡ·raːn
幱	*ɡ·raːn
籣	*ɡ·raːn
躝	*ɡ·raːn
爛	*ɡ·raːns
爤	*ɡ·raːns
鑭	*ɡ·raːns
糷	*ɡ·raːns
斕	*ɡ·reːn
揀	kreːnʔ, ɡ·reːns
柬	*kreːnʔ
暕	*kreːnʔ
諫	*kraːns
練	*ɡ·reːns
鍊	*ɡ·reːns
煉	*ɡ·reːns
楝	*ɡ·reːns
萰	*ɡ·reːns
堜	*ɡ·reːns
湅	*ɡ·reːns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kraːns) : semantic 言 (“say”) + phonetic 柬 (OC *kreːnʔ).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiàn (jian⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gaan³
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kàn

(Teochew, Peng'im): gang³
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵ci; ⁵e

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiàn
  - Wade–Giles: chien⁴
  - Yale: jyàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiann
  - Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: gaan³
  - Yale: gaan
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gaan³
  - Guangdong Romanization: gan³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaːn³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kàn
  - Tâi-lô: kàn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kaxn
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kan²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kan⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kan²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kan¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kan²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gang³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kàng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaŋ²¹³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵ci; ⁵e
  - MiniDict: ci^去; e^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²ji; ²e
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕi³⁴/, /e³⁴/

Middle Chinese: kaenH

Rime
Character	諫
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	刪 (69)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	古晏切
Baxter	kaenH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠan^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚan^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kɐn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaɨn^H/
Li Rong	/kan^H/
Wang Li	/kan^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/kan^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gaan³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤranʔ(-s)/

(Zhengzhang): /*kraːns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	諫
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiàn
Middle Chinese	‹ kaen^H ›
Old Chinese	/kˁranʔ(-s)/ (~ kˁranʔ)
English	admonish
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	諫
Reading #	1/1
No.	6140
Phonetic component	柬
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	諫
Old Chinese	/*kraːns/

Definitions

諫

to remonstrate; to admonish

Compounds

References

“諫”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Shinjitai (extended)	諌
Kyūjitai	諫

Kanji

諫

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 諌)

Readings

Etymology

Kanji in this term
諫
かん Hyōgai
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 諫 (MC kaenH).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) かん [káꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [kã̠ɴ]

Noun

諫(かん) • (kan)

admonition

Affix

諫(かん) • (kan)

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

諫 (eum 간 (gan))

Vietnamese

Han character

諫: Hán Nôm readings: gián

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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