Coup d'état of Yanaon: Difference between revisions
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**[[Chandernagore]]: It was located in [[West Bengal]] State. There the culture and way of life of people was typical [[Bengali people|Bengali]] lifestyle.Since [[Bengal Presidency]] was one of the birthplaces for [[Indian Nationalism]], [[chandernagore]] used to have ''feelings of [[Indian nationalism]] and predominant [[anti-French]] sentiments''. It was completely out of [[Sphere of influence]] of [[Pondichéry]]. |
**[[Chandernagore]]: It was located in [[West Bengal]] State. There the culture and way of life of people was typical [[Bengali people|Bengali]] lifestyle.Since [[Bengal Presidency]] was one of the birthplaces for [[Indian Nationalism]], [[chandernagore]] used to have ''feelings of [[Indian nationalism]] and predominant [[anti-French]] sentiments''. It was completely out of [[Sphere of influence]] of [[Pondichéry]]. |
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**[[Karikal]]: It was located 132 km to the south of [[Pondichéry]] in [[Madras Presidency]]. It was the only colony in [[French India]] which does not have much of cultural and linguitic differences w.r.t [[Pondichéry]]. So, the changes political movements in [[Pondichéry]] used to have very impact on [[Karikal]]. From a long time, [[Karikal]] used to have ''[[anti-French]] sentiments'' prevailed in them. It was completely under [[Sphere of influence]] of [[Pondichéry]]. |
**[[Karikal]]: It was located 132 km to the south of [[Pondichéry]] in [[Madras Presidency]]. It was the only colony in [[French India]] which does not have much of cultural and linguitic differences w.r.t [[Pondichéry]]. So, the changes political movements in [[Pondichéry]] used to have very impact on [[Karikal]]. From a long time, [[Karikal]] used to have ''[[anti-French]] sentiments'' prevailed in them. It was completely under [[Sphere of influence]] of [[Pondichéry]]. |
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**[[Mahé]]: It was located along the [[Malabar coast]] of [[Arabian sea]] in [[Madras Presidency]]. So, the language is [[Malayalam]]. There the culture and way of life of people was typical [[Kerala people|Malayali]] lifestyle. [[Mahé]] used to have ''strong impact of [[Indian nationalism|nationalist]] feelings''. It was largely out of [[Sphere of influence]] of [[Pondichéry]]. |
**[[Mahé]]: It was located along the [[Malabar coast]] of [[Arabian sea]] in [[Madras Presidency]]. So, the language is [[Malayalam]]. There the culture and way of life of people was typical [[Kerala people|Malayali]] lifestyle. [[Mahé]] used to have ''strong impact of [[Indian nationalism|nationalist]] feelings''. It was largely out of [[Sphere of influence]] of [[Pondichéry]]. |
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*'''[[Decolonization]]''': [[Decolonization]] was an global phenomenon which was predominant [[Colonial empires|colonial world]] between [[1940]] and [[1960]]s. Many [[colonies]] thought of having [[Independence]] from [[colonial empires]]. [[Nationalism]] and [[Socialism]] had played very important role in acheiving this in many colonies globally. |
*'''[[Decolonization]]''': [[Decolonization]] was an global phenomenon which was predominant [[Colonial empires|colonial world]] between [[1940]] and [[1960]]s. Many [[colonies]] thought of having [[Independence]] from [[colonial empires]]. [[Nationalism]] and [[Socialism]] had played very important role in acheiving this in many colonies globally. |
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* '''Shift of Socialists''': This was the most important Post-independant cause that led ultimately to the liberation of [[French India|french colonies]] in [[India]]. |
* '''Shift of Socialists''': This was the most important Post-independant cause that led ultimately to the liberation of [[French India|french colonies]] in [[India]]. |
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==See Also== |
==See Also== |
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Revision as of 09:41, 6 November 2006
Introduction
Coup d'État de Yanaon (Coup d'etat of Yanam) was an very important incident which brought profound interest for both India and France when both governments were in an on-going negotiations in Delhi and Paris, regarding the future of French settlements in India in 1954. It was interpreted by different people in different manners throughtout the time.
It was considered as an act of liberation for pro-merger leaders at that time, an unfortunate but welcoming incident by Indian Government, for French, it was an act of treachery by Indian side, it was nothing but a capture for some natives of Yanam, who even now prefer French to Indian.
Whatever the interpretation may be, if that incident was keenly analysed then no one can deny the impact of the thoughts on nationalism and need for decolonialisation that prevailed in the mindset of people in and around 1940 to 1960 throughout the colonial world.
Causes for liberation of French colonies in India
Coup d'État de Yanaon was a part in the liberation and merger of French Establishments of India. So, causes of the coup was same as that of liberation and merger of French colonies into India. The only difference was Yanam was a region with very predominant pro-french mindset which made the intervention of Indian military became neccessary.
Many interrelated political, cultural and geographical factors contributed to the Coup d'etat of Yanam.
Pre-Independence factors
- Insignificant Demographics: This was one of very dominant causes for liberation of French colonies in India.
- Insignificance in terrirorial size: The insignificance in area compared with the Indian Union. The total area of the settlements was well under 2,000 square miles, that of the Union (excluding Kashmir) well over 1,000,000 square miles.
- Insignificant in population size: The insignificance in population compared with Indian Union. The total population of the settlements was less than 1,000,000 that of the Union over 360,000,000.
- Lack of clearcut frontiers with India: Very few of the settlements had clear-cut frontiers with India. There were many enclaves entirely surrounded by Indian territory, especially in Pondicherry region.
- Economic Factors: The very economic existence of the settlements depended on Indian goodwill.
- Lack of military resistance: If India wished to annex the settlements forcibly there was very little that France could do to stop her.
The above four factors are most important factors that existed as of 1947 which ultimately lead to liberation and merger of French colonies in India.
Post-Independence factors
After independence, the factors that lead to merger are,
- Indian Nationalism: With the Independence of India in 1947, there was rise of Indian nationalism in the people of the colonies in India. This was clearly seen by the rise of nationalist local parties in those regions. Their increasing dominance in the politics of French India created an anti-french feeling in people.
- Geographical and Cultural divergence: Geographical and Cultural divergence in the French Establishments of India also made the french weak in keeping their hold these colonies.
- Pondichéry: It was located then in southern region of Madras Presidency. So, language spoken is Tamil. Then was the time, when the Tamil people in Madras Presidency were very powerfull at Centre and State governments in Indian Union. They used to have large impact on local pondicherians. There was a mixed proportion of nationalist and francophile sentiments prevailing in Pondichéry.
- Chandernagore: It was located in West Bengal State. There the culture and way of life of people was typical Bengali lifestyle.Since Bengal Presidency was one of the birthplaces for Indian Nationalism, chandernagore used to have feelings of Indian nationalism and predominant anti-French sentiments. It was completely out of Sphere of influence of Pondichéry.
- Karikal: It was located 132 km to the south of Pondichéry in Madras Presidency. It was the only colony in French India which does not have much of cultural and linguitic differences w.r.t Pondichéry. So, the changes political movements in Pondichéry used to have very impact on Karikal. From a long time, Karikal used to have anti-French sentiments prevailed in them. It was completely under Sphere of influence of Pondichéry.
- Mahé: It was located along the Malabar coast of Arabian sea in Madras Presidency. So, the language is Malayalam. There the culture and way of life of people was typical Malayali lifestyle. Mahé used to have strong impact of nationalist feelings. It was largely out of Sphere of influence of Pondichéry.
- Yanaon: It was located along the coast of Godavari in northern region of Madras Presidency. So, the language is Telugu. There the culture and way of life of people was typical Andhra lifestyle. Yanaon used to have very dominant pro-French atmosphere. It was the only colony which had very high francophile population innative people. It was largely out of Sphere of influence of Pondichéry.
- Decolonization: Decolonization was an global phenomenon which was predominant colonial world between 1940 and 1960s. Many colonies thought of having Independence from colonial empires. Nationalism and Socialism had played very important role in acheiving this in many colonies globally.
- Shift of Socialists: This was the most important Post-independant cause that led ultimately to the liberation of french colonies in India. The members of Inde française parti socialiste (French India Socialist Party) known as Socialists have shifted they stance towards pro-Merger nationalist groups. This gave a catastrophic and devastating effect to the French rule in India. The switch of Edouard Goubert towards pro-Merger camp was the death nail to the french rule unofficially.
See Also
References
- "My Struggle for freedom of French Provinces in India" autobiography written by Sri Dadala Raphael Ramanayya