離
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]離 (Kangxi radical 172, 隹+10, 18 strokes, cangjie input 卜月人土 (YBOG), four-corner 00414, composition ⿰离隹)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1369, character 16
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42140
- Dae Jaweon: page 1875, character 14
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4106, character 2
- Unihan data for U+96E2
Chinese
[edit]trad. | 離 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 离* |
Glyph origin
[edit]Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *reːls, *rel, *rels) : phonetic 离 (OC *rel, *r̥ʰel) + semantic 隹 (“bird”) – black-naped oriole (Oriolus chinensis). This sense is preserved in the compound 離黃.
Phonetically borrowed for the sense "to depart".
![](http://178.128.105.246/content-http-upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Trigramme2632_%E2%98%B2.svg/200px-Trigramme2632_%E2%98%B2.svg.png)
![](http://178.128.105.246/content-http-upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Iching-hexagram-30.svg/200px-Iching-hexagram-30.svg.png)
Pronunciation 1
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ni2
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): li4
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): li1
- Northern Min (KCR): lī
- Eastern Min (BUC): liè / liê
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6li
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): li2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: lí
- Wade–Giles: li2
- Yale: lí
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: li
- Palladius: ли (li)
- Sinological IPA (key): /li³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: ni2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: li
- Sinological IPA (key): /ni²¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: lei4 / lei6
- Yale: lèih / leih
- Cantonese Pinyin: lei4 / lei6
- Guangdong Romanization: léi4 / léi6
- Sinological IPA (key): /lei̯²¹/, /lei̯²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: lei3
- Sinological IPA (key): /lei²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: li4
- Sinological IPA (key): /li³⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lì
- Hakka Romanization System: liˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: li2
- Sinological IPA: /li¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: li1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /li¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lī
- Sinological IPA (key): /li⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: liè / liê
- Sinological IPA (key): /l̃ie⁵³/, /l̃iɛ²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: li2
- Sinological IPA (key): /li¹³/
- (Changsha)
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 離 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /li³⁵/ |
Harbin | /li²⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /li⁴⁵/ | |
Jinan | /li⁴²/ | |
Qingdao | /li⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /li⁴²/ ~婚 /li³¹²/ ~開 | |
Xi'an | /li²⁴/ ~別 /li⁴⁴/ ~開 | |
Xining | /l̩²⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /li⁵³/ | |
Lanzhou | /li⁵³/ | |
Ürümqi | /li⁵¹/ | |
Wuhan | /ni²¹³/ | |
Chengdu | /ni³¹/ | |
Guiyang | /ni²¹/ | |
Kunming | /li³¹/ | |
Nanjing | /li²⁴/ /li⁴⁴/ | |
Hefei | /zz̩⁵⁵/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /li¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /li¹³/ ~別 /li³⁵/ 分開了 | |
Hohhot | /li³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /li²³/ |
Suzhou | /li¹³/ | |
Hangzhou | /li¹³/ | |
Wenzhou | /lei³¹/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /li⁴⁴/ |
Tunxi | /li⁴⁴/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /li¹³/ |
Xiangtan | /ni¹²/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /li⁴⁵/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /li¹¹/ |
Taoyuan | /li¹¹/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /lei²¹/ |
Nanning | /li²¹/ | |
Hong Kong | /lei²¹/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /li³⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /lie⁵³/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /li⁴⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /li⁵⁵/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /li³¹/ |
- Middle Chinese: lje
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]aj/
- (Zhengzhang): /*rel/
Definitions
[edit]離
- to leave; to depart
- to go away
- to separate
- (colloquial) to divorce
- away from
- ☲, the 3rd of the 8 trigrams
- ䷝, the 30th of the 64 I Ching hexagrams
- † Alternative form of 罹 (lí, “to suffer; to be hit with; to encounter”)
- † Alternative form of 縭/缡 (lí)
- a surname
Synonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 不即不離/不即不离 (bùjíbùlí)
- 不大離/不大离 (bùdàlí)
- 不離/不离 (bùlí)
- 不離眼/不离眼
- 乖離/乖离 (guāilí)
- 乖離率/乖离率
- 亂離/乱离 (luànlí)
- 人離家散/人离家散
- 人離鄉賤/人离乡贱 (rénlíxiāngjiàn)
- 休離/休离
- 仳離/仳离 (pǐlí)
- 侈離/侈离
- 侏離/侏离
- 倩女離魂/倩女离魂
- 偏離/偏离 (piānlí)
- 側離/侧离
- 光怪陸離/光怪陆离 (guāngguàilùlí)
- 光陸離/光陆离
- 兔羅雉離/兔罗雉离
- 分崩離析/分崩离析 (fēnbēnglíxī)
- 分離/分离 (fēnlí)
- 分離焦慮/分离焦虑
- 判決離婚/判决离婚
- 別離/别离 (biélí)
- 別鶴離鸞/别鹤离鸾
- 剝離/剥离 (bōlí)
- 剝離作用/剥离作用
- 勢合形離/势合形离
- 南離/南离
- 叛離/叛离 (pànlí)
- 可離/可离
- 四離四絕/四离四绝
- 垂直距離/垂直距离
- 垢離/垢离
- 夭矯離奇/夭矫离奇
- 奇幻迷離/奇幻迷离
- 好離好散/好离好散
- 妻離子散/妻离子散 (qīlízǐsàn)
- 孤離/孤离
- 安全距離/安全距离
- 寸步不離/寸步不离 (cùnbùbùlí)
- 將離/将离 (jiānglí)
- 屬毛離裡/属毛离里
- 差不離/差不离 (chàbùlí)
- 弩箭離絃/弩箭离弦
- 形影不離/形影不离 (xíngyǐngbùlí)
- 影不離燈/影不离灯
- 影形不離/影形不离
- 悲歡離合/悲欢离合 (bēihuānlíhé)
- 愛別離苦/爱别离苦
- 披離/披离
- 拋離/抛离
- 挑撥離間/挑拨离间 (tiǎobōlíjiàn)
- 摘離/摘离
- 撲朔迷離/扑朔迷离 (pūshuòmílí)
- 撤離/撤离 (chèlí)
- 擅離職守/擅离职守
- 攜離/携离
- 支離/支离 (zhīlí)
- 支離破碎/支离破碎 (zhīlípòsuì)
- 斑駁陸離/斑驳陆离 (bānbólùlí)
- 星離雨散/星离雨散
- 曲折離奇/曲折离奇 (qūzhélíqí)
- 會少離多/会少离多
- 月離於畢/月离于毕
- 有效距離/有效距离
- 林離/林离
- 死別生離/死别生离
- 流離/流离 (liúlí)
- 流離失所/流离失所 (liúlíshīsuǒ)
- 流離顛沛/流离颠沛
- 淋離/淋离 (línlí)
- 游離/游离 (yóulí)
- 游離層/游离层
- 游離票/游离票
- 游離輻射/游离辐射
- 漢鍾離/汉钟离
- 焦孟不離/焦孟不离
- 片刻不離/片刻不离
- 物離鄉貴/物离乡贵
- 瑣尾流離/琐尾流离
- 生別死離/生别死离
- 生離死別/生离死别 (shēnglísǐbié)
- 生離死絕/生离死绝
- 異夢離心/异梦离心
- 疏離/疏离 (shūlí)
- 疏離感/疏离感
- 相離/相离 (xiānglí)
- 眾叛親離/众叛亲离 (zhòngpànqīnlí)
- 眾散親離/众散亲离
- 眼離/眼离
- 破碎支離/破碎支离
- 破鏡分離/破镜分离
- 種族隔離/种族隔离 (zhǒngzú gélí)
- 絕俗離世/绝俗离世
- 網膜剝離/网膜剥离
- 纖離/纤离
- 背井離鄉/背井离乡 (bèijǐnglíxiāng)
- 背離/背离 (bèilí)
- 脣不離腮/唇不离腮
- 脫垢離塵/脱垢离尘
- 脫離/脱离 (tuōlí)
- 脫離常軌/脱离常轨
- 脫離苦海/脱离苦海
- 脫離速度/脱离速度
- 若即若離/若即若离 (ruòjíruòlí)
- 蕩析離居/荡析离居
- 行車距離/行车距离
- 親離眾叛/亲离众叛
- 調虎離山/调虎离山 (diàohǔlíshān)
- 貌合心離/貌合心离
- 貌合情離/貌合情离
- 貌合神離/貌合神离 (màohéshénlí)
- 貌合行離/貌合行离
- 距離/距离 (jùlí)
- 跬步不離/跬步不离
- 身首分離/身首分离
- 逃離/逃离 (táolí)
- 迷離/迷离 (mílí)
- 迷離倘恍/迷离倘恍
- 迷離撲朔/迷离扑朔
- 迷離顛倒/迷离颠倒
- 遁世離群/遁世离群
- 遠離/远离 (yuǎnlí)
- 遷離/迁离
- 避世離俗/避世离俗
- 郁離子
- 鈉離子/钠离子
- 鍾離/钟离 (Zhōnglí)
- 長離/长离
- 陸離/陆离 (lùlí)
- 陸離光怪/陆离光怪
- 陰離子/阴离子 (yīnlízǐ)
- 陸離斑駁/陆离斑驳
- 陽離子/阳离子 (yánglízǐ)
- 隔離/隔离 (gélí)
- 隔離病房/隔离病房
- 離不得/离不得
- 離不開/离不开 (líbùkāi)
- 離世/离世 (líshì)
- 離亂/离乱
- 離休/离休 (líxiū)
- 離任/离任 (lírèn)
- 離俗/离俗
- 離分/离分 (lífēn)
- 離別/离别 (líbié)
- 離去/离去 (líqù)
- 離叛/离叛
- 離合/离合 (líhé)
- 離合器/离合器 (líhéqì)
- 離合悲歡/离合悲欢
- 離合詩/离合诗
- 離土/离土
- 離地/离地 (lídì)
- 離垢/离垢 (lígòu)
- 離堆山/离堆山
- 離境/离境 (líjìng)
- 離奇/离奇 (líqí)
- 離奇曲折/离奇曲折
- 離娘飯/离娘饭
- 離婚/离婚 (líhūn)
- 離婁/离娄
- 離婁之明/离娄之明
- 離婚率/离婚率
- 離子/离子 (lízǐ)
- 離宮/离宫
- 離家/离家 (líjiā)
- 離家出走/离家出走 (líjiāchūzǒu)
- 離尤/离尤
- 離山窵遠/离山窎远
- 離島/离岛 (lídǎo)
- 離峰用電/离峰用电
- 離席/离席 (líxí)
- 離心/离心 (líxīn)
- 離心力/离心力 (líxīnlì)
- 離心率/离心率 (líxīnlǜ)
- 離心泵/离��泵
- 離心離德/离心离德 (líxīnlídé)
- 離恨/离恨
- 離恨天/离恨天
- 離情/离情 (líqíng)
- 離情依依/离情依依
- 離情別緒/离情别绪
- 離愁/离愁 (líchóu)
- 離憂/离忧
- 離披/离披
- 離拆/离拆
- 離散/离散 (lísàn)
- 離書/离书
- 離會/离会
- 離析/离析
- 離格/离格 (lígé, “ablative case”)
- 離校/离校
- 離格兒/离格儿
- 離棄/离弃 (líqì)
- 離樓/离楼
- 離母/离母
- 離瓣花冠/离瓣花冠
- 離異/离异 (líyì)
- 離石/离石 (Líshí)
- 離簁/离簁
- 離經叛道/离经叛道 (líjīngpàndào)
- 離線/离线 (líxiàn)
- 離線作業/离线作业
- 離纚/离𫄥
- 離缺/离缺
- 離群/离群 (líqún)
- 離群索居/离群索居 (líqúnsuǒjū)
- 離職/离职 (lízhí)
- 離股兒/离股儿
- 離脫/离脱
- 離腸/离肠
- 離萼/离萼
- 離落/离落
- 離蓰/离蓰
- 離褷/离褷
- 離褷/离褷
- 離譜/离谱 (lípǔ)
- 離貳/离贰
- 離轍/离辙
- 離逖/离逖 (lítì)
- 離鄉/离乡 (líxiāng)
- 離鄉別井/离乡别井 (líxiāngbiéjǐng)
- 離鄉背井/离乡背井 (líxiāngbèijǐng)
- 離鄉背土/离乡背土
- 離鄉避井/离乡避井
- 離門離戶/离门离户
- 離開/离开 (líkāi)
- 離間/离间 (líjiàn)
- 離隊/离队
- 離隔/离隔
- 離離/离离
- 離離蔚蔚/离离蔚蔚
- 離靡/离靡
- 離題/离题 (lítí)
- 離題萬里/离题万里 (lítíwànlǐ)
- 離騷/离骚
- 離魂病/离魂病
- 離魂記/离魂记
- 離鸞別鳳/离鸾别凤
- 顛沛流離/颠沛流离 (diānpèiliúlí)
- 飛遯離俗/飞遁离俗
- 飛離/飞离
- 首身分離/首身分离
- 驅離/驱离
- 骨肉分離/骨肉分离
- 骨肉離散/骨肉离散
- 骨肉離異/骨肉离异
- 魚網鴻離/鱼网鸿离
- 黍離/黍离 (shǔlí)
- 黍離麥秀/黍离麦秀
Descendants
[edit]- → Vietnamese: lìa
References
[edit]- “離”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Pronunciation 2
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: lì
- Wade–Giles: li4
- Yale: lì
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lih
- Palladius: ли (li)
- Sinological IPA (key): /li⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Middle Chinese: ljeH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*raj-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*rels/
Definitions
[edit]離
Pronunciation 3
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: lì
- Wade–Giles: li4
- Yale: lì
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lih
- Palladius: ли (li)
- Sinological IPA (key): /li⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Middle Chinese: lejH
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*reːls/
Definitions
[edit]離
Pronunciation 4
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: lǐ
- Wade–Giles: li3
- Yale: lǐ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lii
- Palladius: ли (li)
- Sinological IPA (key): /li²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
[edit]離
Pronunciation 5
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄔ
- Tongyong Pinyin: chih
- Wade–Giles: chʻih1
- Yale: chr̄
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chy
- Palladius: чи (či)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
[edit]離
Pronunciation 6
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: gǔ
- Wade–Giles: ku3
- Yale: gǔ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guu
- Palladius: гу (gu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ku²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
[edit]離
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]- Go-on: り (ri, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: り (ri, Jōyō)
- Kun: はなれる (hanareru, 離れる, Jōyō); はなす (hanasu, 離す, Jōyō); つく (tsuku, 離く)
Compounds
[edit]- 乖離 (kairi)
- 距離 (kyori): distance
- 不即不離 (fusokufuri)
- 分離 (bunri): isolation
- 離間 (rikan)
- 離婚 (rikon): divorce
- 離脱 (ridatsu)
- 離別 (ribetsu): separation
- 幽体離脱 (yūtai ridatsu): out-of-body experience
- 体外離脱 (taigai ridatsu): out-of-body experience
Korean
[edit]![](http://178.128.105.246/content-http-upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/U2e977-j.svg/100px-U2e977-j.svg.png)
Etymology 1
[edit]From Middle Chinese 離 (MC lje|ljeH). Recorded as Middle Korean 리 (li) (Yale: li) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (initial position)
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [i(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [이(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
- (non-initial position)
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ɾi]
- Phonetic hangul: [리]
Hanja
[edit]離 (eumhun 떠날 리 (tteonal ri), word-initial (South Korea) 떠날 이 (tteonal i))
- hanja form? of 리/이 (“to leave”)
- hanja form? of 리/이 (“separation; departure”)
- hanja form? of 리/이 (“division”)
Compounds
[edit]- 거리 (距離, geori, “distance”)
- 괴리 (乖離, goeri, “estrangement”)
- 분리 (分離, bulli, “separation”)
- 출리 (出離, chulli)
- 이탈 (離脫, ital, “breakaway”)
- 격리 (隔離, gyeongni, “isolation”)
- 이륙 (離陸, iryuk, “take off”)
- 이직 (離職, ijik, “move one's job”)
- 이산 (離散, isan, “dispersion”)
- 이혼 (離婚, ihon, “divorce”)
- 이별 (離別, ibyeol, “farewell, parting”)
- 난리 (亂離, nalli, “fuss, mess, panic”)
- 이간질 (離間질, iganjil, “to come between, alienate something from others”)
- 사거리 (射距離, sageori, “range (of a weapon)”)
- 가시거리 (可視距離, gasigeori, “visibility”)
Etymology 2
[edit]Related to Middle Chinese 螭 / 离 (MC trhje).
Hanja
[edit]離 (eumhun 교룡(蛟龍) 치)
離 (eumhun 맹수(猛獸) 치)
- (literary Chinese) Alternative form of 螭 (“hanja form? of 치 (“a kind of dragon”)”)
- (literary Chinese) Alternative form of 离 (“hanja form? of 치 (“a kind of legendary beast”)”)
Etymology 3
[edit]Related to Middle Chinese 麗 / 儷 (MC lejH).
Hanja
[edit]離 (eumhun 붙을 려 (buteul ryeo), word-initial (South Korea) 붙을 여 (buteul yeo))
離 (eumhun 나란히 할 려 (naranhi hal ryeo), word-initial (South Korea) 나란히 할 여 (naranhi hal yeo))
- (literary Chinese) Alternative form of 麗 (“hanja form? of 려/여 (“to adhere”)”)
- (literary Chinese) Alternative form of 儷 (“hanja form? of 려/여 (“in pair”)”)
References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]離: Hán Nôm readings: li, ly, le, lè, lì, lìa, lia
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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References
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