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Changing "otolaryngology" to "otorhinolaryngology" where appropriate: see article title and talk page discussion
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[[File:Mani Zadeh MD Endoscopic Sinus Surgery.jpg|thumb|Otolaryngologist performing an endoscopic sinus surgical procedure]]
[[File:Mani Zadeh MD Endoscopic Sinus Surgery.jpg|thumb|Otolaryngologist performing an endoscopic sinus surgical procedure]]
[[File:Sharplan 40C.jpg|thumb|A 40-watt CO<sub>2</sub> laser used in otolaryngology]]
[[File:Sharplan 40C.jpg|thumb|A 40-watt CO<sub>2</sub> laser used in ]]
[[File:National Throat Nose and Ear Hospital London - geograph.org.uk - 984640.jpg|thumb|[[Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital]] founded in 1874, in [[London]]]]
[[File:National Throat Nose and Ear Hospital London - geograph.org.uk - 984640.jpg|thumb|[[Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital]] founded in 1874, in [[London]]]]


'''Otolaryngology''' is the area of medicine that deals with disorders and conditions of the '''ear, nose, and throat''' (ENT) region, and related areas of the head and neck. Doctors who specialise in this area are called otolaryngologists, ENT doctors, ENT surgeons or head and neck surgeons. Patients seek treatment from an otolaryngologist for diseases of the ear, nose or throat and for the management of cancers of the head and neck.
'''''' is the area of medicine that deals with disorders and conditions of the '''ear, nose, and throat''' (ENT) region, and related areas of the head and neck. Doctors who specialise in this area are called , ENT doctors, ENT surgeons or head and neck surgeons. Patients seek treatment from an for diseases of the ear, nose or throat and for the management of cancers of the head and neck.


==Etymology==
==Etymology==
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==Training==
==Training==
Otolaryngologists are [[physicians]] ([[Doctor of Medicine|MD]], [[Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine|DO]], [[MBBS]], [[MBChB]], etc.) who, in the United States, complete at least five years of surgical residency training. This is composed of one year in [[general surgery|general surgical]] training and four years in otolaryngology–head and neck surgery. (In the past it varied between two and three years of each.) In Canada, practitioners complete a five-year residency training after medical school.
are [[physicians]] ([[Doctor of Medicine|MD]], [[Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine|DO]], [[MBBS]], [[MBChB]], etc.) who, in the United States, complete at least five years of surgical residency training. This is composed of one year in [[general surgery|general surgical]] training and four years in and neck surgery. (In the past it varied between two and three years of each.) In Canada, practitioners complete a five-year residency training after medical school.


Following residency training, some otolaryngologists complete an advanced sub-specialty fellowship, where training can be one to two years in duration. In the United States and Canada, otolaryngology is one of the most competitive specialties in medicine in which to obtain a residency position following medical school.
Following residency training, some complete an advanced sub-specialty fellowship, where training can be one to two years in duration. In the United States and Canada, is one of the most competitive specialties in medicine in which to obtain a residency position following medical school.


==Sub-specialties==
==Sub-specialties==
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| style="width:117px;"| Rhinology and Sinus Surgery
| style="width:117px;"| Rhinology and Sinus Surgery
| style="width:68.25;"| Laryngology and Voice Disorders
| style="width:68.25;"| Laryngology and Voice Disorders
| style="width:140.25;"| Pediatric Otolaryngology
| style="width:140.25;"| Pediatric
| style="width:43.5;"| Sleep Medicine*
| style="width:43.5;"| Sleep Medicine*
|- style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;"
|- style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;"
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*Severe or recurrent [[epistaxis]]
*Severe or recurrent [[epistaxis]]


===Pediatric otolaryngology===
===Pediatric ===
* [[Adenoidectomy]]
* [[Adenoidectomy]]
* [[Caustic ingestion]]
* [[Caustic ingestion]]
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===Facial plastic and reconstructive surgery===
===Facial plastic and reconstructive surgery===
Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery is a one-year fellowship open to otolaryngologists and plastic surgeons who wish to specialize in the aesthetic and reconstructive surgery of the head, face, and neck.
Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery is a one-year fellowship open to and plastic surgeons who wish to specialize in the aesthetic and reconstructive surgery of the head, face, and neck.


* [[Rhinoplasty]] and [[septoplasty]]
* [[Rhinoplasty]] and [[septoplasty]]

Revision as of 14:21, 27 April 2015

Otolaryngologist performing an endoscopic sinus surgical procedure
A 40-watt CO2 laser used in otorhinolaryngology
Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital founded in 1874, in London

Otorhinolaryngology is the area of medicine that deals with disorders and conditions of the ear, nose, and throat (ENT) region, and related areas of the head and neck. Doctors who specialise in this area are called otorhinolaryngologists, ENT doctors, ENT surgeons or head and neck surgeons. Patients seek treatment from an otorhinolaryngologist for diseases of the ear, nose or throat and for the management of cancers of the head and neck.

Etymology

The term is a combination of four Ancient Greek words: οὖς ous (gen.: ὠτός otos), "ear", ῥίς rhis, "nose", λάρυγξ larynx, "larynx" and -λογία -logia, "study".[1]

Training

Otorhinolaryngologists are physicians (MD, DO, MBBS, MBChB, etc.) who, in the United States, complete at least five years of surgical residency training. This is composed of one year in general surgical training and four years in otorhinolaryngology–head and neck surgery. (In the past it varied between two and three years of each.) In Canada, practitioners complete a five-year residency training after medical school.

Following residency training, some otorhinolaryngologists complete an advanced sub-specialty fellowship, where training can be one to two years in duration. In the United States and Canada, otorhinolaryngology is one of the most competitive specialties in medicine in which to obtain a residency position following medical school.

Sub-specialties

Head and Neck Oncologic Surgery Facial plastic and reconstructive surgery* Otology Neurotology* Rhinology and Sinus Surgery Laryngology and Voice Disorders Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology Sleep Medicine*
Surgical oncology Facial cosmetic surgery Ear Middle and inner ear Sinusitis Voice disorders Velopalatine insufficiency
Reconstruction Maxillofacial Hearing Temporal bone Allergy Phono-surgery Cleft lip and palate
Endocrine surgery Trauma Balance Skull base Anterior skull base Swallowing disorders Airway
Endoscopic Surgery Dizziness Apnea and snoring Vascular malformations
Cochlear implant/BAHA Cochlear implant/BAHA

(* Currently recognized by American Board of Medical Subspecialties)

Topics

Head and neck oncology

Otology and neurotology

Main articles: Otology and Neurotology

Rhinology

Rhinology pertains to sinus diseases and the anterior skull base.

Pediatric otorhinolaryngology

Laryngology

Facial plastic and reconstructive surgery

Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery is a one-year fellowship open to otorhinolaryngologists and plastic surgeons who wish to specialize in the aesthetic and reconstructive surgery of the head, face, and neck.

See also

References

  1. ^ "otolaryngologist" entry in: Peter Harris, Sue Nagy, Nicholas Vardaxis, Mosby's Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing & Health Professions - Australian & New Zealand Edition, Elsevier Health Sciences, 2009.

External links

Associations and Societies
Journals
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