Somalia
Part of | East Africa ![]() |
---|---|
Year dem found am | 1960 ![]() |
Official name | Federal Republic of Somalia, Soomaaliya, République fédérale de Somalie, Federalna Republika Somalii ![]() |
Native label | Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya, جمهورية الصومال الفدرالية, Soomaaliya, 𐒈𐒝𐒑𐒛𐒐𐒘𐒕𐒖 ![]() |
Short name | 🇸🇴 ![]() |
Official language | Somali, Arabic ![]() |
Anthem | Qolobaa Calankeed ![]() |
Culture | culture of Somalia ![]() |
Continent | Africa ![]() |
Country | Somalia ![]() |
Capital | Mogadishu ![]() |
Located in time zone | UTC+03:00, Africa/Mogadishu ![]() |
Coordinate location | 6°0′0″N 47°0′0″E ![]() |
Coordinates of easternmost point | 10°25′0″N 51°16′0″E ![]() |
Coordinates of northernmost point | 11°58′48″N 50°46′48″E ![]() |
Highest point | Shimbiris ![]() |
Lowest point | Indian Ocean ![]() |
Government ein basic form | federal republic ![]() |
Office held by head of state | President of Somalia ![]() |
State ein head | Hassan Sheikh Mohamud ![]() |
Office head of government hold | Prime Minister of Somalia ![]() |
Government ein head | Mohamed Hussein Roble ![]() |
Executive body | Federal Government of Somalia ![]() |
Legislative body | Federal Parliament of Somalia ![]() |
Central bank | Central Bank of Somalia ![]() |
Public holiday | Republic Day, New Year's Day ![]() |
Currency | Somali shilling ![]() |
Dey share bother plus | Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya ![]() |
Driving side | right ![]() |
Electrical plug type | Europlug ![]() |
Dey replace | Somali Democratic Republic ![]() |
Dema official website | ![]() |
Hashtag | Somalia ![]() |
Top-level Internet domain | .so ![]() |
Flag | flag of Somalia ![]() |
Coat of arms | coat of arms of Somalia ![]() |
Geography of topic | geography of Somalia ![]() |
Get characteristic | not-free country ![]() |
History of topic | history of Somalia ![]() |
Open data portal | Somalia Open Data Portal ![]() |
Economy of topic | economy of Somalia ![]() |
Demographics of topic | demographics of Somalia ![]() |
Mobile country code | 637 ![]() |
Country calling code | +252 ![]() |
Emergency phone number | 999, 888, 555 ![]() |
Licence plate code | SO ![]() |
Maritime identification digits | 666 ![]() |
Unicode character | 🇸🇴 ![]() |
Category for maps | Category:Maps of Somalia ![]() |
![Map](http://178.128.105.246/content-https-maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,a,6,47,300x300.png?lang=gpe&domain=gpe.wikipedia.org&title=Somalia&revid=35309&groups=_14de25150acf64e9830443473cb50995f53f1d35)
Somalia, officially de Federal Republic of Somalia[1] (Somali: Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya; Arabic: جمهورية الصومال الفيدرالية), be country for de Horn of Africa. De country dey share border plus Ethiopia go de west, Djibouti[2] go de northwest, de Gulf of Aden go de north, de Indian Ocean go de east, den Kenya go de southwest. Somalia get de longest coastline for Africa ein mainland.[3] Ein terrain dey consist mainly of plateaus, plains, den highlands.[4] Hot conditions dey prevail year-round, plus periodic monsoon winds den irregular rainfall.[5] Somalia get estimated population of around 17.1 million,[6][7] wey ova 2 million dey live insyd de capital den largest city Mogadishu, wey dem describe am as Africa ein most culturally homogeneous country.[8][9] Around 85% of ein residents be ethnic Somalis,[4] wey historically dem inhabit de country ein north. Ethnic minorities dey largely concentrate insyd de south.[10] De official languages of Somalia be Somali den Arabic.[4] Chaw people for de country insyd be Muslims,[11] de majority of dem be Sunni.[12]
Somalia ein GDP per capita be one of de world ein lowest, wey edey belong to de least developed country group.[13] Insyd 2019, Somalia get de lowest HDI for de world insyd, den for de same year insyd, 69% of Somalia ein population dey live below de poverty line.[14] As of 2023, dem place Somalia de highest insyd de Fragile States Index.[15] Edey maintain informal economy wey mainly dey base for livestock top, remittances from Somalis wey dey job abroad, den telecommunications.[16] Ebe member of de United Nations,[17] de Arab League,[18] African Union,[19] Non-Aligned Movement,[20] East African Community,[21] den de Organisation of Islamic Cooperation.[22]
Geography
Administrative divisions
Dem divide Somalia into eighteen regions (gobollada, singular gobol),[4] wey in turn dem subdivide into districts. De regions be:
Region | Area (km2) | Population | Capital |
---|---|---|---|
Awdal | 21,374 | 1,010,566 | Borama |
Bari | 70,088 | 719,512 | Bosaso |
Nugal | 26,180 | 392,697 | Garowe |
Mudug | 72,933 | 717,863 | Galkayo |
Galguduud | 46,126 | 569,434 | Dusmareb |
Hiran | 31,510 | 520,685 | Beledweyne |
Middle Shabelle | 22,663 | 516,036 | Jowhar |
Banaadir | 370 | 1,650,227 | Mogadishu |
Lower Shabelle | 25,285 | 1,202,219 | Barawa |
Togdheer | 38,663 | 721,363 | Burao |
Bakool | 26,962 | 367,226 | Xuddur |
Woqooyi Galbeed | 28,836 | 1,242,003 | Hargeisa |
Bay | 35,156 | 792,182 | Baidoa |
Gedo | 60,389 | 508,405 | Garbahaarreey |
Middle Juba | 9,836 | 362,921 | Bu'aale |
Lower Juba | 42,876 | 489,307 | Kismayo |
Sanaag | 53,374 | 544,123 | Erigavo |
Sool | 25,036 | 327,428 | Las Anod |
Demographics
Urban areas
Largest cities anaa towns insyd Somalia | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | Name | Region | Pop. | Rank | Name | Region | Pop. | ||
1 | Mogadishu | Banaadir | 2,610,000[23] | 11 | Baidoa | bay | 144,345[24] | ||
2 | Hargeisa | Woqooyi Galbeed | 1,127,000[23] | 12 | Galkayo | Mudug | 137,667[24] | ||
3 | Burao | Togdheer | 425,000[25] | 13 | Afgooye | Lower Shabelle | 135,012[24] | ||
4 | Beledweyne | Hiran | 227,761[24] | 14 | Qoryoley | Lower Shabelle | 134,205[24] | ||
5 | Jowhar | Middle Shebelle | 218,027[24] | 15 | Jamame | Lower Juba | 129,149[24] | ||
6 | Borama | Awdal | 215,616[24] | 16 | Burhakaba | Bay | 125,616[24] | ||
7 | Merca | Lower Shabelle | 192,939[24] | 17 | Balcad | Middle Shabelle | 120,434[24] | ||
8 | Kismayo | Lower Juba | 166,667[24] | 18 | Erigavo | Sanaag | 114,846[24] | ||
9 | Bosaso | Bari | 164,906[24] | 19 | Jilib | Middle Juba | 113,415[24] | ||
10 | Wanlaweyn | Lower Shabelle | 155,643[24] | 20 | Bardere | Gedo | 106,172[24] |
List
Name | Portrait | Birth–Death | Elected | Took office | Left office | Political party | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() ![]() | |||||||
1 | Aden Adde | ![]() |
1908–2007 | 1960 | 1 July 1960 | 10 June 1967 | SYL |
2 | Abdirashid Shermarke | ![]() |
1919–1969 | 1967 | 10 June 1967 | 15 October 1969
(Assassinated) |
SYL |
— | Sheikh Mukhtar Mohamed Hussein
Acting President |
![]() |
1912–2012 | — | 15 October 1969 | 21 October 1969
(Deposed) |
SYL |
![]() ![]() | |||||||
3 | Siad Barre[26] | ![]() |
1919–1995 | 1980 | 21 October 1969 | 26 January 1991
(Deposed) |
Military / |
![]() ![]() | |||||||
4 | Ali Mahdi Muhammad | 1939– | 1991 | 27 January 1991 | 3 January 1997 | USC | |
5 | Mohamed Farrah Aidid | 1934— 1996 | 3 January 1995 | 1 August 1996 | Independent | ||
6 | Hussein Farrah Aidid | 1962 — | 1 August 1996 | 20 March 1998 | Independent | ||
— | Somali National Alliance | — | 20 March 1998 | 2000 | Co-Chairmen of National Salvation Council | ||
— | Somalia Reconciliation and Restoration Council | — | 2000 | 27 August 2000 | Independent | ||
![]() ![]() | |||||||
7 | Mohamed Abshir Muse | 1926 – 2017 | 13 August 2000 | 22 August 2000 | Independent | ||
8 | Abdallah Isaaq Deerow | 1950–2006 | 22 August 2000 | 27 August 2000 | Independent | ||
9 | Abdiqasim Salad | ![]() |
1941– | 2000 | 27 August 2000 | 1 July 2003 | Independent |
10 | Abdinur Darman | 1953– | 1 July 2003 | 14 October 2003 | Independent | ||
9 | Abdiqasim Salad | 1941– | 14 October 2003 | 14 October 2004 | Independent | ||
![]() ![]() | |||||||
11 | Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed | ![]() |
1934–2012 | 2004 | 14 October 2004 | 29 December 2008
(Resigned) |
Independent |
12 | Sharif Sheikh Ahmed | 1964– | 5 June 2006 | 29June 2006 | Islamic Courts Union | ||
13 | Hassan Dahir Aweys | 1935— | 29 June 2006 | 29 December 2006 | Islamic Courts Union | ||
14 | Aden Madobe
Acting President |
![]() |
1957– | — | 29 December 2008 | 31 January 2009 | RRA |
12 | Sharif Sheikh Ahmed | ![]() |
1964– | 2009 | 31 January 2009 | 20 August 2012 | ARS |
![]() ![]() | |||||||
15 | Muse Hassan Sheikh Sayid Abdulle
Acting President |
![]() |
1939– | — | 20 August 2012 | 28 August 2012 | Independent |
16 | Mohamed Osman Jawari
Acting President |
![]() |
1945–2024 | — | 28 August 2012 | 16 September 2012 | Independent |
17 | Hassan Sheikh Mohamud | ![]() |
1955– | 2012 | 16 September 2012 | 16 February 2017 | PDP |
18 | Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed | ![]() |
1962– | 2017 | 16 February 2017 | 16 February 2021 | TPP |
17 | Hassan Sheikh Mohamud | ![]() |
1955– | 2021 | 16 February 2021 | 16 February 2022 | PDP |
17 | Hassan Sheikh Mohamud | ![]() |
1955– | 2022 | 16 February 2022 | 6 June 2022 | PDP |
— | H.E.Sadia Haji Samatar | 1955– | 6 June 2022 | 28 August 2022 | PDP | ||
17 | Hassan Sheikh Mohamud | ![]() |
1955– | — | 28 August 2022 | Incumbent | PDP |
References
- ↑ "Federal Republic of Somalia" (PDF). www.somaliweyn.com. 2 October 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 January 2013. Retrieved 20 February 2024.
- ↑ "Somalia". Britannica. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
- ↑ "Coastline". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 16 July 2017. Retrieved 3 August 2013.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 "Somalia". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. 10 November 2021.
- ↑ "Somalia – Climate". countrystudies.us. 14 May 2009.
- ↑ "World Population Prospects 2022". United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
- ↑ "World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100" (XSLX) ("Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)"). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
- ↑ Ismail, AA (2010). Somali state failure: Players, incentives and institutions.
What is more puzzling is how this could happen in a country like Somalia, the most homogeneous country in Africa both ethnically, religiously, culturally, and linguistically
- ↑ Woldemichael, B (1993). Decentralisation amidst poverty and disunity: The Sudan, 1969–1983.
Somalia, the only homogeneous country in Africa – all its people being ethnic Somalis speaking the same language and professing the same religion
- ↑ Abdullahi 2001, pp. 8–11.
- ↑ "Middle East Policy Council – Muslim Populations Worldwide". Mepc.org. 1 December 2005. Archived from the original on 14 December 2006. Retrieved 27 June 2010.
- ↑ Abdullahi 2001, p. 1.
- ↑ "LDCs at a Glance | Department of Economic and Social Affairs". www.un.org. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
- ↑ "Overview". World Bank. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
- ↑ "Fragile States Index 2023". Fund for Peace. 14 June 2023.
- ↑ "Central Bank of Somalia – Economy and Finance". Somalbanca.org. Archived from the original on 24 January 2009. Retrieved 30 December 2010.
- ↑ "Member States". United Nations. Retrieved 27 August 2021.
- ↑ "Member States". League of Arab States (in Arabic). Retrieved 27 August 2021.
- ↑ "Member State Profiles". African Union. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 27 August 2021.
- ↑ "Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) | What is the Non-Aligned Movement?". Nuclear Threat Initiative. Retrieved 27 August 2021.
- ↑ "Somalia joins East African Community". 24 November 2023. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
- ↑ "Member States". Organisation of Islamic Cooperation. Retrieved 27 August 2021.
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 "Somalia". The World Factbook. CIA. Retrieved 26 June 2021.
- ↑ 24.00 24.01 24.02 24.03 24.04 24.05 24.06 24.07 24.08 24.09 24.10 24.11 24.12 24.13 24.14 24.15 24.16 "Somalia City & Town Population". www.tageo.com. Retrieved 26 June 2021.
- ↑ "Dawladda Hoose ee Burco". www.burao.org. Retrieved 8 February 2024.
- ↑ Also styled as President of Supreme Revolutionary Council
Bibliography
- Abdullahi, Mohamed Diriye (2001). Culture and Customs of Somalia. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-31333-2.
- Alpers, Edward A. (1976). "Gujarat and the Trade of East Africa, c. 1500–1800". The International Journal of African Historical Studies. 9 (1): 22–44. doi:10.2307/217389. JSTOR 217389.
- Gebru Tareke (2009). The Ethiopian Revolution: War in the Horn of Africa. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-14163-4.
- Laitin, David D. (1977). Politics, Language, and Thought: The Somali Experience. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-46791-7.
- Lecarme, Jacqueline; Maury, Carole (1987). "A Software Tool for Research in Linguistics and Lexicography: Application to Somali". Computers and Translation. 2 (1): 21–36. doi:10.1007/BF01540131. S2CID 6515240.
- Mauri, Arnaldo, Somalia, in G, Dell'Amore (ed.), "Banking Systems of Africa", Cariplo-Finafrica, Milan, 1971, pp. 209–217.Banking Development in Somalia
- Samatar, Said S. (1982). Oral Poetry and Somali Nationalism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-10457-9.
- Schraeder, Peter J. (2006). "From Irredentism to Secession: The Decline of Pan-Somali Nationalism". In Lowell W. Barrington, ed., After Independence: Making and Protecting the Nation in Postcolonial and Postcommunist States (pp. 107–137). Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-09898-9.
- Shay, Shaul. Somalia in Transition Since 2006. Piscataway, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2014.
- Warmington, Eric Herbert (1995). The Commerce Between the Roman Empire and India. South Asia Books. ISBN 81-215-0670-0.
- Zolberg, Aristide R.; Suhrke, Astri; Aguayo, Sergio (1989). Escape from Violence: Conflict and the Refugee Crisis in the Developing World. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-505592-4.
- A. Rosati; A. Tewolde; C. Mosconi (2007). Animal Production and Animal Science Worldwide. Wageningen Academic Pub. p. 169. ISBN 978-90-8686-034-0.
External links
- Federal Government of Somalia
- Somalia. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency.
- Somalia profile from BBC News
- Pages with script errors
- Articles using generic infobox
- Somalia
- 1960 establishments for Somalia insyd
- 1960 establishments for Africa insyd
- Arabic-speaking countries den territories
- Countries for Africa insyd
- East African countries
- Federal republics
- Horn African countries
- Least developed countries
- Member states of de African Union
- Member states of de United Nations
- Member states of de Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
- Member states of de Arab League
- States den territories wey dem establish for 1960 insyd
- Countries den territories wer Somali be official language
- Pages with maps