Petropolis
![Petropolis: insigne](http://178.128.105.246/content-http-upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Coat_of_arms_of_Saint_Petersburg_%282003%29.svg/85px-Coat_of_arms_of_Saint_Petersburg_%282003%29.svg.png)
Locus: 59°57′0″N 30°19′0″E
Numerus incolarum: 5 384 342
Zona horaria: Tempus Mosquanum, UTC+3, Europe/Moscow
Situs interretialis
Nomen officiale: Санкт-Петербург
Gestio
Consilium: Legislative Assembly of Saint Petersburg
Procuratio superior: Russia
Geographia
Regiones urbanae: Stephanopolis, Municipal Okrug 15, Municipal Okrug #21, Municipal Okrug #54, Municipal Okrug #65, Municipal Okrug #7, Avtovo, Admiralteysky Municipal Okrug, Akademitsheskoye Municipal Okrug, Alexandrovskaya, Aptekarsky Ostrov Municipal Okrug, Beloostrov, Bolshaya Okhta Municipal Okrug, Vasilyevsky Municipal Okrug, Vvedensky Municipal Okrug, Gavan Municipal Okrug, Gagarinskoe, Gorelovo, Grazhdanka, Dachnoye Municipal Okrug, Yekateringofsky Municipal Okrug, Zvyozdnoe, Zelenogorsk, Ivanovsky, Izmaylovskoye Municipal Okrug, Knyazhevo, Kolomna Municipal Okrug, Kolomyagi, Kolpino, Komarovo, Komendantsky Aerodrom, Konstantinovskoe, Krasnenkaya Rechka Municipal Okrug, Crasnoselium, Kronverkskoye Municipal Okrug, Lakhta-Olgino Municipal Okrug, Levashovo, Lisy Nos, Oranienbaumium, Malaya Okhta, Metallostroy, Molodyozhnoe, Morskie Vorota, Morskoy, Moskovskaya Zastava Municipal Okrug, Narvsky Municipal Okrug, Narodny, Nevskaya Zastava, Nevsky, Novoizmailovskoe, Obukhovsky, Ozero Dolgoe, Okkervil, Petrovsky, Ostrov Dekabristov, Paulopolis, Pargelovium, Parnas, Pesochny, Petri Aula, Petro-Slavyanka, Piskaryovka, Polyustrovo, Pontonny, Porokhovye Municipal Okrug, Posadsky, Pravoberezhny, Prometey, Pulkovsky Meridian Municipal Okrug, Villa Augusti, Repino, Rzhevka, Rybatskoye Municipal Okrug, Sampsonievskoie, Sapyorny, Svetlanovskoe, Saverny, Semyonovsky Municipal Okrug, Sennoy Municipal Okrug, Serovo, Sestroretsk, Smolyachkovo, Solnechnoye, Sosnovaya Ployana, Sosnovskoe, Strelna, Tyarlevo, Ulyanka Municipal Okrug, Uritsk, Ust-Izhora, Ushkovo, Finlyandsky, Chornaya Rechka, Chkalovskoe, Shuvalovo-Ozerki, Yugo-Zapad Municipal Okrug, Yuzhno-Primorsky, Yuntolovo, Municipal Okrug #72, Municipal Okrug #75, Balkansky Municipal Okrug, Vladimirsky Municipal Okrug, Volkovskoye Municipal Okrug, Georgievsky, Dvortsovy Municipal Okrug, Kupchino, Ligovka-Yamskaya Municipal Okrug, Liteyny Municipal Okrug, Municipal Okrug 78, Smolninskoye Municipal Okrug, Shushary
Territoria finitima: Regio Leninopolitana, Gatchinsky District, Vsevolozhsky District, Vyborgsky District, Lomonosovsky District, Tosnensky District, Kirishsky District
Coniunctiones urbium
Petropolis[1] (Russice Санкт-Петербург, Sankt-Peterburg[2]; annis 1914–1924 Petrogradum[3] et annis 1924–1991 Leninopolis[4]) est urbs 'dignitatis foederalis', metropolis Regionis Leninopolitanae (Ленинградская область), et Districtus Foederalis Septentrio-Occidentalis (Северо-западный федеральный округ) Russiae, ad flumen Nevam in capite Sinus Finnici prope Mare Balticum sita. Ab anno 2008, Petropoli situm est Iudicium Constitutionale Foederationis Russicae (Конституционный суд Российской Федерации).
![](http://178.128.105.246/content-http-upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Palace_Square%2C_Saint_Petersburg%2C_Russia.jpg/220px-Palace_Square%2C_Saint_Petersburg%2C_Russia.jpg)
Petropolis est urbs secunda a maxima, post Moscuam, paene 5,3 milliones incolarum habens, maior sedes culturae Europaeae, et gravis portus in Mari Baltico situs.
Petropolis saepe Occidentalissima urbs Russica appellatur.[5] Inter urbes orbis terrarum quibus sunt plus quam millio hominum, Petropolis est septentrionalissima. Media Petropolis Historica et Cognati Monumentorum Greges sunt Situs Hereditatis Mundi UNESCO. Urbs etiam est situs Musei Solitarii, maximi orbis terrarum musei artis.[6] Permulti consulatus externi, corporationes multinationales, argentariae, et alia negotia in urbe inveniuntur.
Urbs est magna vecturae sedes (portum et aeroportum habet) atque locus industriae (urbi sunt officinae machinarum producendarum, etc.), scientiae, culturae, ubi instituta educationis (e.g., Universitas Publica Petropolitana), bibliothecae (e.g., Bibliotheca Nationalis Russica), theatra, et musea multa sunt. Petropolis multa monumenta architecturae habet.
![](http://178.128.105.246/content-http-upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Bronze_Horseman002.jpg/220px-Bronze_Horseman002.jpg)
Historia urbana
[recensere | fontem recensere]Petropolis a Tzare Petro I Magno die 27 Maii 1703 modo vetere condita est in terris Ingriae, paulo ante bello e Suecia receptis. Primum aedificium oppidi arx Petri Paulique fuit, insula Leporina. Nienschanz, oppidum suecicum in altra ripa fluminis Nevae, excisus est.
Anno 1710 metropolis gubernii facta est. Ab 1713 ad 1728 et ab 1732 ad 1918, urbs fuit imperatorium Russiae caput. Anno 1918, principalia administrationis corpora a Petropole (tum Petrograd nominata) ad Moscuam mota sunt.[7]
Ab anno 1924 ad annum 1991, nomen urbis erat Leninopolis[8] (Leningrad), in honorem Vladimiri Leninis. Tempore Belli Magni Patrii, Leninopolis viginti novem menses in obsidione erat; unde anno 1965, titulum Urbis-Herois recepit. Anno 1955 ferrivia subterranea aperta est.
Ecclesiae Petropolis maximae Ecclesia cathedralis Dei genetricis Casanensis et Ecclesia cathedralis sancti Isaacii aliaeque sunt; monasterium urbis primum et maximum laura Alexandronevensis est.
Res athleticae
[recensere | fontem recensere]- FC Zenit Saint Petersburg grex pedilusorius anno 1925 conditus est.
Geographia
[recensere | fontem recensere]![](http://178.128.105.246/content-http-upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/18px-Searchtool.svg.png)
In delta Nevae fluminis Petropolis sita est, quae, in multa deverticula divisa, permultas insulas facit. Insularum maxima est insula Basilii inter Nevam Maiorem et Nevam Minorem; aliae insula Lapidea, insula Petri, insula Apothecaria[9] (ubi Hortus botanicus Petri Magni situs est), insula Crucis[10], insula Rotunda[11] etc. Noctes albae Petropolitanae saepe memorantur.
Clima
[recensere | fontem recensere]Urbi Petropoli clima est continentale humidum per enumerationem Köppen–Geiger, cyclonibus Balticis temperatum, in stationes quattuor divisum, aestate brevi tepida humida, hieme longiori frigidiori, nive dies fere 118 per annum et mense Februario ad spissitudinem 19 cm iacente, pruinis dies fere 230 per annum attingentibus; temperatura aëris media mense Februario −6° atque mense Iulio 19°, minima inter −8.5° et 15°, maxima inter −3° et 23°, sed minima extrema usque hodie nota (mense Ianuario 1883) −35.9°, maxima extrema aestiva (anno 2010) 37.1°; pluviis mense Aprili ad 31 mm tantum, mense Augusto 83 mm, anno toto non minus quam 661 mm elevatis; diebus pluviosis per annum totum fere 173, nivosis 75 incidentibus; humiditate relativa inter mensuras 65% et 87% reperta, horis solis fulgentis mense Decembri 12, mense Iunio non minus quam 276, per annum totum 1 633 relatis.[12]
Incolae notabiles
[recensere | fontem recensere]![](http://178.128.105.246/content-http-upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/18px-Searchtool.svg.png)
Incolae noti urbis Petropolis numerosi sunt. Praeter Imperatores Russiae, multi rerum politicarum periti, eruditi, scriptores, artifices, et alii in urbe habitaverunt.
Notae
[recensere | fontem recensere]- ↑ J. G. Th. Graesse, Orbis Latinus (Dresdae: Schönfeld, 1861; 1909. Brunsvici, 1972, 3 voll.) 1 2 3. Ebbe Vilborg. Norstedts svensk-latinska ordbok. Editio secunda anni 2009. Sive Petroburgum, Petriburgum (Vilborg; cf.: Lexicon nominum geographicorum latinorum; Geonyma). Pro nominibus adiectivis ambobus nominibus, "Petropolitanus" et "Petroburgensis".
- ↑ In litteris Russicis et instrumentis haud sollemni more scriptis, Sancti (Санкт-) usitate omittitur, ut nomen sit Peterburg (Петербург). Russi in sermone quotidiano etiam -burg (-бург) omittunt, ut nomen sit tantum Piter (Питер).
- ↑ Russice Петроград, Petrograd, — Энтомологическое обозрение, vol. V, p. 24; cf. ex Ephemeridis anni 2017 nuntium (et copiam).
- ↑ Russice Ленинград, Leningrad, — cf. Iacobi Borovskij Opera philologica, Petropoli, 2009, p. 358.
- ↑ V. Morozov, The Discourses of Saint Petersburg and the Shaping of a Wider Europe. (Hafniae: Copenhagen Peace Research Institute, 2002), apud ciaonet.org.
- ↑ "Exploring St. Petersburg / The Hermitage". Geographia.com. January 6, 1990.
- ↑ R. W. McColl, Encyclopedia of World Geography, vol. 1 (Novi Eboraci: Infobase Publishing, 2005, ISBN 0-8160-5786-9), p. 1216, 633–634.
- ↑ Ioannis Pauli II Constitutio apostolica Moscoviensis Latinorum.
- ↑ Flora Petropolitana, Petropoli 1799, p. 74, 192 (Textus apud Google Books)
- ↑ Francisci Iosephi Ruprecht, Flora Ingrica, vol. I, Petropoli 1860, p. 195 etc.
- ↑ Nunc Gutuevskij, Flora Petropolitana, Petropoli 1799, p. 61 (Textus apud Google Books)
- ↑ Res climatologicae e Vicipaedia Anglica extractae, fontibus fidei dignis ibi citatis
Bibliographia
[recensere | fontem recensere]- Amery, Colin, Brian Curran, et Yuri Molodkovets. 2006. St. Petersburg. Londinii: Frances Lincoln. ISBN 0-7112-2492-7.
- Bater, James H. 1976. St. Petersburg: Industrialization and Change. Montreal: McGuill-Queen’s University Press. ISBN 0-7735-0266-1.
- Berelowitch, Wladimir, et Olga Medvedkova. 1996. Histoire de Saint-Pétersbourg. Paris: Fayard. ISBN 2-213-59601-8.
- Birge, Lucy. 2017. "St Petersburg: city of revolution turns itself around – again". The Guardian. 29 Novembris 2017.
- Brumfield, William Craft. 1991. The Origins of Modernism in Russian Architecture. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-06929-3.
- Buckler, Julie. 2005. Mapping St. Petersburg: Imperial Text and Cityshape. Princetoniae: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-11349-1.
- Clark, Katerina. 1995. Petersburg, Crucible of Revolution. Cantabrigiae: Harvard University Press.
- Cross, Anthony, ed. 2003. St. Petersburg, 1703–1825. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 1-4039-1570-9.
- D'Amato, Giuseppe. 2004. "San Pietroburgo, la capitale del nord." In Viaggio nell'Hansa baltica. L'Unione europea e l'allargamento ad Est. Mediolani: Greco & Greco editori. ISBN 88-7980-355-7. Travel to the Baltic Hansa.
- Даринский А. В. География Ленинграда. — Leninopoli: Лениздат, 1982.
- George, Arthur L., et Elena George. 2003. St. Petersburg: Russia's Window to the Future, The First Three Centuries. Lanham, Terrae Mariae: Taylor Trade Publishing. ISBN 1-58979-017-0.
- Giangrande, Cathy. 2003. Saint Petersburg: Museums, Palaces, and Historic Collections: A Guide to the Lesser Known Treasures of St. Petersburg. Bunker Hill Publishing. ISBN 1-59373-000-4.
- Glantz, David M. 2002. The Battle for Leningrad, 1941–1944. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-1208-4.
- Горбачевич К. С., Хабло Е. П. Почему так названы? О происхождении названий улиц, площадей, островов, рек и мостов Санкт-Петербурга. — СПб.: Норинт, 2002. — 353 с. — ISBN 5-7711-0019-6.
- Hellberg-Hirn, Elena. 2003. Imperial Imprints: Post-Soviet St. Petersburg. Helsinki: SKS (Societas Litterarum Finnicarum). ISBN 951-746-491-6.
- Hughes, Lindsey (2004). Peter the Great: a Biography. Yale University Press. ISBN 030010300X
- Зодчие Санкт-Петербурга. XVIII век / cост. В. Г. Исаченко; ред. Ю. Артемьева, С. Прохватилова. — Petropoli: Лениздат, 1997. — 1021 с. — ISBN 5-289-01585-X.
- Зодчие Санкт-Петербурга. XIX — начало XX века / cост. В. Г. Исаченко; ред. Ю. Артемьева, С. Прохватилова. — Petropoli: Лениздат, 1998. — 1070 с. — ISBN 5-289-01586-8.
- Зодчие Санкт-Петербурга. XX век / cост. В. Г. Исаченко; ред. Ю. Артемьева, С. Прохватилова. — Petropoli: Лениздат, 2000. — 720 с. — ISBN 5-289-01928-6.
- Ivanov, Sergei V. 2007. Unknown Socialist Realism: The Leningrad School. Petropoli: NP-Print Edition. ISBN 5-901724-21-6, ISBN 978-5-901724-21-7.
- Knopf Guide: Sat. Petersburg. 1995. Novi Eboraci: Knopf. ISBN 0-679-76202-7.
- Ленинград. Историко-географический атлас. — Moscuae: Главное управление геодезии и картографии при Совете министров СССР, 1981.
- Lincoln, W. Bruce. 2000. Sunlight at Midnight: St. Petersburg and the Rise of Modern Russia. Novi Eboraci: Basic Books. ISBN 0-465-08323-4.
- Luhn, Alec. 2016. "Story of cities #8: St Petersburg – is the 'city built on bones' starting to crumble?" In: The Guardian (23 Martii 2016)
- Нежиховский, Р. А. 1981. Река Нева и Невская губа Leninopoli: Гидрометеоиздат.
- Orttung, Robert W. 1995. From Leningrad to St. Petersburg: Democratization in a Russian City. Novi Eboraci: St. Martin’s. ISBN 0-312-17561-2.
- Пыляев М. И. Старый Петербург. Рассказы из былой жизни столицы. — Petropoli: Типография А. С. Суворина, 1889.
- Richardson, Daniel, et Robert Humphreys. 2004. St. Petersburg: The Rough Guide. Novi Eboraci, Londinii, Dellii: Rough Guides. ISBN 978-1-85828-298-5.
- Ruble, Blair A. 1990. Leningrad: Shaping a Soviet City. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-87772-347-8.
- Санкт-Петербург: Энциклопедия. — Moscuae: Российская политическая энциклопедия, 2006.
- Shvidkovsky, Dmitry O., et Alexander Orloff. 1996. St. Petersburg: Architecture of the Tsars. Novi Eboraci: Abbeville Press. ISBN 0-7892-0217-4.
- Топонимическая энциклопедия Санкт-Петербурга. — Petropoli: Информационно-издательское агентство ЛИК, 2002.
- Volkov, Solomon. 1995. St. Petersburg: A Cultural History. Novi Eboraci: Free Press. ISBN 0-02-874052-1.
- Vorhees, Mara (February 1, 2008). St. Petersburg (Fifth ed.). Footscray, Victoria, Australia: Lonely Planet. ISBN 9781740598279
Nexus interni
- 2046 Leningrad
- Petropolis Nova, Ioannis Fomin delineatio
Nexus externi
[recensere | fontem recensere]![]() |
Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Petropolim spectant. |
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