The intestinal microbiome in early life: health and disease
- PMID: 25250028
- PMCID: PMC4155789
- DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00427
The intestinal microbiome in early life: health and disease
Abstract
Human microbial colonization begins at birth and continues to develop and modulate in species abundance for about 3 years, until the microbiota becomes adult-like. During the same time period, children experience significant developmental changes that influence their health status as well as their immune system. An ever-expanding number of articles associate several diseases with early-life imbalances of the gut microbiota, also referred to as gut microbial dysbiosis. Whether early-life dysbiosis precedes and plays a role in disease pathogenesis, or simply originates from the disease process itself is a question that is beginning to be answered in a few diseases, including IBD, obesity, and asthma. This review describes the gut microbiome structure and function during the formative first years of life, as well as the environmental factors that determine its composition. It also aims to discuss the recent advances in understanding the role of the early-life gut microbiota in the development of immune-mediated, metabolic, and neurological diseases. A greater understanding of how the early-life gut microbiota impacts our immune development could potentially lead to novel microbial-derived therapies that target disease prevention at an early age.
Keywords: child microbiota; immune-mediated disease; intestinal dysbiosis; intestinal microbiota; pediatric disease.
Figures
Similar articles
-
The Association between Early-Life Gut Microbiota and Long-Term Health and Diseases.J Clin Med. 2021 Jan 25;10(3):459. doi: 10.3390/jcm10030459. J Clin Med. 2021. PMID: 33504109 Free PMC article. Review.
-
The Roles of Inflammation, Nutrient Availability and the Commensal Microbiota in Enteric Pathogen Infection.Microbiol Spectr. 2015 Jun;3(3). doi: 10.1128/microbiolspec.MBP-0008-2014. Microbiol Spectr. 2015. PMID: 26185088
-
The crucial role of early-life gut microbiota in the development of type 1 diabetes.Acta Diabetol. 2021 Mar;58(3):249-265. doi: 10.1007/s00592-020-01563-z. Epub 2020 Jul 25. Acta Diabetol. 2021. PMID: 32712802 Review.
-
Dysbiosis of the gut and lung microbiome has a role in asthma.Semin Immunopathol. 2020 Feb;42(1):75-93. doi: 10.1007/s00281-019-00775-y. Epub 2020 Feb 18. Semin Immunopathol. 2020. PMID: 32072252 Free PMC article. Review.
-
The possible mechanisms of the human microbiome in allergic diseases.Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2017 Feb;274(2):617-626. doi: 10.1007/s00405-016-4058-6. Epub 2016 Apr 26. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2017. PMID: 27115907 Review.
Cited by
-
Causal Relationship Between Gut Microbiota and Leukemia: Future Perspectives.Oncol Ther. 2024 Sep 1. doi: 10.1007/s40487-024-00300-8. Online ahead of print. Oncol Ther. 2024. PMID: 39217582 Review.
-
Current Approaches to Prevent or Reverse Microbiome Dysbiosis in Chronic Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases.Mediterr J Rheumatol. 2024 Jun 30;35(2):220-233. doi: 10.31138/mjr.240224.cap. eCollection 2024 Jun. Mediterr J Rheumatol. 2024. PMID: 39211023 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Relationship between Infant Feeding and the Microbiome: Implications for Allergies and Food Intolerances.Children (Basel). 2024 Aug 22;11(8):1030. doi: 10.3390/children11081030. Children (Basel). 2024. PMID: 39201963 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Effects of Early Life Exposures to the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Ligand TCDF on Gut Microbiota and Host Metabolic Homeostasis in C57BL/6J Mice.Environ Health Perspect. 2024 Aug;132(8):87005. doi: 10.1289/EHP13356. Epub 2024 Aug 14. Environ Health Perspect. 2024. PMID: 39140734 Free PMC article.
-
Exploring the gut microbiome: probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics as key players in human health and disease improvement.Food Sci Biotechnol. 2024 Jun 27;33(9):2065-2080. doi: 10.1007/s10068-024-01620-1. eCollection 2024 Jul. Food Sci Biotechnol. 2024. PMID: 39130661 Review.
References
-
- Abrams GD, Bauer H, Sprinz H. Influence of the normal flora on mucosal morphology and cellular renewal in the ileum. A comparison of germ-free and conventional mice. Lab Invest (1963) 12:355–64 - PubMed
Publication types
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources