東部花栗鼠
外观
東部花栗鼠![]() | |
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東部花栗鼠 | |
科学分类 ![]() | |
界: | 动物界 Animalia |
门: | 脊索动物门 Chordata |
纲: | 哺乳纲 Mammalia |
目: | 啮齿目 Rodentia |
科: | 松鼠科 Sciuridae |
属: | 花鼠属 Tamias |
种: | 東部花栗鼠 T. striatus
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二名法 | |
Tamias striatus | |
亞種[3] | |
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異名[4] | |
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東部花栗鼠(學名:Tamias striatus)是分布於北美洲東部的一種花栗鼠,是花鼠屬(Tamias)唯一的現生物種。花鼠屬原本還包含其他種花栗鼠,但分子證據顯示這些物種的關係不近,因此過去屬於花鼠屬的兩個亞屬Eutamias與Neotamias已被作為獨立的新屬[5][6][7][8][9]。東部花栗鼠最早於1743年由英國博物學家馬克·蓋茨比描述,1758年林奈在《自然系統》第十版將本種歸入松鼠屬,命名為Sciurus striatus,種小名意為「有條紋的」[10][11]。1811年德國動物學家约翰·卡尔·威廉·伊利格訂立新屬花鼠屬(Tamias),並將本種歸入[12]。
東部花栗鼠的體長可長至30公分(含尾巴),重約66—150公克[13],其背部毛色為紅棕色,並具有五條平行的黑色條紋,腹部的毛色較淺,尾巴的毛色較深,比其他種花栗鼠少兩顆牙齒[14]。本種分布於美國東部與加拿大東南部的落葉林與公園中[15],善於爬樹,但會在地上鑽出複雜的坑道作窩,甚至可能為避免坑道被發現而以頰囊將挖出的土搬至別處[16]。
參考文獻
[编辑]- ^ Cassola, F. Tamias striatus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T42583A115191543 [errata version of 2016 assessment]. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T42583A22268905.en
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- ^ Tamias striatus. [NatureServe Explorer. [17 April 2024].
- ^ Thorington, R.W. Jr; Hoffman, R.S. "Tamias (Tamias) striatus".. Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). (编). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. 2005: 817. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0.
- ^ Tamias striatus. GBIF. [30 April 2022].
- ^ Patterson, Bruce D.; Norris, Ryan W. Towards a uniform nomenclature for ground squirrels: the status of the Holarctic chipmunks (PDF). Mammalia. 2016, 80 (3): 241–251 [2019-06-08]. S2CID 9955150. doi:10.1515/mammalia-2015-0004.
- ^ Wilson, D. E.; D. M. Reeder. Mammal Species of the World. 2005 [2007-06-27]. (原始内容存档于2007-06-23).
- ^ Piaggio, A. J.; Spicer, G. S. Molecular phylogeny of the chipmunks inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome b and cytochrome oxidase II gene sequences (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2001, 20 (3): 335–350. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.330.9046
. PMID 11527462. doi:10.1006/mpev.2001.0975.
- ^ Piaggio, Antoinette J.; Spicer, Greg S. Molecular Phylogeny of the Chipmunk Genus Tamias Based on the Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit II Gene (PDF). Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 2000, 7 (3): 147–166. S2CID 7623018. doi:10.1023/a:1009484302799.
- ^ Musser, G. G.; Durden, L. A.; Holden, M. E.; Light, J. E. Systematic review of endemic Sulawesi squirrels (Rodentia, Sciuridae), with descriptions of new species of associated sucking lice (Insecta, Anoplura), and phylogenetic and zoogeographic assessments of sciurid lice (PDF). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 2010, 339 (339): 1–260. S2CID 82712592. doi:10.1206/695.1. hdl:2246/6067.
- ^ Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles. Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, scĭūrus. A Latin Dictionary. Clarendon Press. 1879. (原始内容存档于2021-10-27).
- ^ Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles. Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, S , strēnŭē , strĭo. A Latin Dictionary. Clarendon Press. 1879. (原始内容存档于2021-10-27).
- ^ Wishner, Lawrence. Eastern Chipmunks: Secrets of Their Solitary Lives. 1982: 113. ISBN 978-0874749625.
- ^ Eastern chipmunk videos, photos and facts – Tamias striatus – ARKive. [26 November 2013]. (原始内容存档于3 December 2013).
- ^ Eastern Chipmunk (PDF). West Virginia Wildlife Series.
- ^ Long, John L. Introduced Mammals of the World: Their History, Distribution and Influence. Csiro Publishing. 2003-08-14. ISBN 978-0-643-09916-6.
- ^ Chipmunks (PDF). Internet Center for Wildlife Damage Management: B-14. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于29 August 2018).
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