Original paper
Zur orographischen Gliederung von Gebirgen
Mattmüller, Claus Roderich
Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie Volume 55 Issue 1 (2011), p. 109 - 140
published: Mar 1, 2011
DOI: 10.1127/0372-8854/2011/0055-0038
ArtNo. ESP022005501007, Price: 29.00 €
Kurzfassung
Zusammenfassung. Gliederung von Gebirgen und Benennung von Gebirgsgruppen sind immer noch stark im Fluss. Eine neue Methode erlaubt, Gebirgslandschaften auf orographischer Grundlage in Gebirgsgruppen zu gliedern: In einem ersten Arbeitsgang werden hierarchisch gestaffelte, natürliche orographische Gruppen erzeugt, die eine grundsätzliche Bergform aufweisen. Aus ihnen können im zweiten Arbeitsgang Gebirgsabschnitte, Großgruppen, Gruppen, Untergruppen, Berggruppen usw. als geographische Gebirgsgruppen, d. h. unter Berücksichtigung von toponomastischen Traditionen, abgeleitet werden. Dieser Prozess könnte theoretisch über weitere Stufen zu immer kleineren Einheiten, z. B. bis zu einzelnen Bergen und Gipfeln, fortgeführt werden, wobei der erste Teil des gesamten Vorgangs automatisierbar ist. Die Methode wird an dieser Stelle mit Beispielen und detaillierten Handlungsanweisungen für die Praxis beschrieben.
Abstract
On orographic structuring of mountain ranges. - The presented method is able to work out natural orographical structures of a mountain range, especially its internal culminations. According to given definitions, culminations can be identified with the orographical centers of mountain groups of different sizes. Investigating a mountain range, the method starts with the identification of surrounding basins, their basin axis, and the main ridge. The first step in the dividing process is to identify the first-order ridges between the catchment areas of all basins. This leads to at least two triple points at the places of intersection of the basin-dividing ridges with the main ridge. The construction of each triple point insures that water could run down from it in three directions and into three different main basins; so it can be regarded as a “sort of summit” of the landscape between these basins. The first-order culminations of the mountain range are established now. Then, the first-order division is carried out, starting from the deepest saddles between the culminations and following the deepest terrain lines out to the lowlands bordering the range. Based on the selected basins, the resulting parts of the mountain range can be regarded as orographical units. The second-order division starts the same way: The main basins are divided into a number of second-order basins, chosen among basins of bigger rivers, joining the main ridge or a first-order ridge and running directly down to the axis of the main basins. Again, all ridges between the second-order basins are identified. So, we get triple points of second order at the places of intersection of second-order ridges with first-order ridges and with the main ridge. First-order and second-order triple points can be used for parting the whole range in secondorder groups.
Keywords
definition (geomorphology) • method • mountain range • mountain group • self-similarity