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Asistencias

(Redirected from Visitas)

Asistencias or visitas were smaller sub-missions of Catholic missions established during the 16th-19th centuries of the Spanish colonization of the Americas and the Philippines. They allowed the Catholic church and the Spanish crown to extend their reach into native populations at a modest cost.

San Antonio de Pala Asistencia, an asistencia of Mission San Luis Rey de Francia, is located in Pala, California

Description

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Asistencias served missions and were much smaller than the main missions with living quarters, workshops and crops in addition to a church. They were typically staffed with a small group of clergymen and a relatively small group of indigenous neophytes in order to maintain the complex.

Particularly strategic asistencias were later elevated to the status of a full mission. This typically included an expansion of existing facilities to support a larger clergy and indigenous neophyte population, improvement of basic infrastructure such as roads, and rechristening under a new Catholic saint.[1][2]

In Spanish Florida, visitas were mission stations without a resident missionary. Church buildings at visitas were simple, or sometimes absent.[3] Visitas were often in satellite villages associated with a town with a doctrina (a mission with one or more resident missionaries). The mission of San Juan del Puerto served nine visitas in 1602.[4]

America

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The following are lists of asistencias in America, sorted by year of establishment.

California

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Spanish asistencias in California
Name Image Location Established Notes References
Santa Paula 34.35584, -119.05086 1782 or after It served Mission San Buenaventura. [1]
Nuestra Señora Reina de los Ángeles
 
 34.05702, -118.2392 1784 It served Mission San Gabriel Arcángel.
San Pedro y San Pablo
 
 37.58714, -122.49391 1786 It served Mission San Francisco de Asís. [2]
Santa Margarita de Cortona
 
 35.40197, -120.6122 1787 It served Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa.
Santa Gertrudis 34.34752, -119.29704 Between 1792 and 1809 The second asistencia to serve Mission San Buenaventura. [5]
San Antonio de Pala
 
 33.36591, -117.07419 June 13, 1816 It served Mission San Luis Rey de Francia.
San Rafael Arcángel
 
 37.97427, -122.52798 1817 It was originally a medical asistencia to Mission San Francisco de Asís, but it became a mission in 1822.
Santa Ysabel
 
 33.13057, -116.67786 1818 It served Mission San Diego de Alcalá.
Las Flores
 
 33.299722, -117.460833 1823 The second asistencia to Mission San Luis Rey de Francia. [3][6]

Arizona

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Spanish asistencias in Arizona
Name Image Location Established Notes References
Santa Cruz Along the San Pedro River 1680s or after Santa Cruz is the name of the pueblo. The source says the visita Santa Cruz (along with Quiburi) were founded along the San Pedro River. The name might have been Santa Cruz de Pitaitutgam or Santa Cruz de Gaybanipite. [7][8]
San Ignacio de Sonoitac
 
 Near Patagonia 1691 It served Mission San Cayetano de Tumacácori. [9]
San Agustín
 
 32.21346, -110.98703 1692 It served Mission San Xavier del Bac. In 1768, it was elevated to the status of mission and became the Mission San Cosme y Damián de Tucsón. [10]
San Martín de Aribac Arivaca 1695 It served Mission Los Santos Ángeles de Guevavi. Described as being 10 leagues (26 miles) away from Guevavi, which is only a couple miles off from the current measurement of 27.8 miles. [7][8]
San Pablo de Quiburi Along the San Pedro River 1690s or after Quiburi (San Pablo de Quiburi is possibly the name of it rather than the visita) was a Sobaipuri ranchería. [11][12]
Huachuca Babacomari Ranch[12] Likely late 17th or early 18th century Huachuca may be the name of the pueblo it was made in rather than the name of the visita itself. [7]

Mexico

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Baja California

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Baja California Sur

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Sonora

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Misión San Diego de Pitiquito in Pitiquito, Sonora

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b "California Mission Life". Factcards.califa.org. Retrieved 2015-06-12.
  2. ^ a b "Mission Trail Today - Mission Asistencias and Estancias". U.S. Mission Trail. Retrieved 2015-06-17.
  3. ^ a b Worth, John E. (1998). Timucua Chiefdoms of Spanish Florida. Volume 1: Assimilation. Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida. p. 35. ISBN 0-8130-1575-8.
  4. ^ Hann, John H. (April 1990). "Summary Guide to Spanish Florida Missions and Visitas with Churches in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries". The Americas. 46 (4): 436. doi:10.2307/1006866. JSTOR 1006866. S2CID 147329347.
  5. ^ "Santa Gertrudis Asistencia Historical Marker". www.hmdb.org. Retrieved 2024-09-08.
  6. ^ "Las Flores Asistencia Historical Marker". www.hmdb.org. Retrieved 2024-09-07.
  7. ^ a b c Mattison, Ray (1946). "Early Spanish and Mexican Settlements in Arizona" (PDF). New Mexico Historical Review. 21 (4): 275 – via NPS History.
  8. ^ a b Seymour, Deni J. (2012). "SANTA CRUZ RIVER: The Origin of a Place Name". The Journal of Arizona History. 53 (1): 81–88. ISSN 0021-9053. JSTOR 41697406.
  9. ^ Tumacacori, Mailing Address: P. O. Box 8067; Us, AZ 85640 Phone: 520 377-5060 Contact. "San Ignacio de Sonoitac - Tumacácori National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved 2024-09-08.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  10. ^ Tumacacori, Mailing Address: P. O. Box 8067; Us, AZ 85640 Phone: 520 377-5060 Contact. "San Xavier del Bac - Tumacácori National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved 2024-09-07.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  11. ^ Mattison, Ray (1946). "Early Spanish and Mexican Settlements in Arizona" (PDF). New Mexico Historical Review. 21 (4): 275.
  12. ^ a b Seymour, Deni (2003). "Sobaipuri-Pima Occupation in the Upper San Pedro Valley: San Pablo de Quiburi". New Mexico Historical Review. 78 (2).
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