Endopterygota (Graece endon 'intra' + pterón 'ala' + Latina nova -ota 'habens'), etiam Holometabola appellata, sunt superordo insectorum intra infraclassim Neopterorum quae distinctas stationes larvales, pupales, adultasque subeunt. Totam metamorphosin patiuntur, et stationes larvales adultaeque structura et moribus inter se magnopere differunt, quod holometabolismus appellatur, totam corporis commutationem (metamorphismum) complectens.


Classis : Insecta 
Infraclassis : Neoptera 
Superordo : Endopterygota 
Sharp, 1898
   
Palaeontologia
Pennsylvaniano–Recens
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Subdivisiones: Ordines
Vide commentarium.

Evolutio

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Endopterygota, superordo insectorum maxime varius, plus quam 1 millionem specierum viventium inter undecim ordines digestarum comprehendit, quae insigniter sunt lepidoptera, diptera, siphonaptera, anthophila, formicae, coleoptera, atque alia insecta.[1] Prima endopterygotorum fossilia ex carbonifero manent.[2]

Endopterygota in tris greges aliquando digeruntur, qui sunt Neuropterida (Neuroptera, Megaloptera, Raphidioptera, Strepsiptera, Coleoptera), Hymenopteroida (Hymenoptera), et Panorpida (Siphonaptera, Diptera, Trichoptera, Lepidoptera, Mecoptera).

Analysis molecularis phylogeniam endopterygotorum explicavit, ut in cladogrammate infra monstratur.[3][4]

Endopterygota

Neuropterida

Raphidioptera  




Megaloptera  



Neuroptera  




Coleopterida

Coleoptera  



Strepsiptera  






Hymenoptera  


Panorpida
Amphiesmenoptera

Trichoptera  



Lepidoptera  



Antliophora

Diptera  




Mecoptera  




Boreidae  



Siphonaptera  








Descriptio

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Stationes holometabolismi in Hymenopteris.

Endopterygota ab Exopterygotis distinguuntur per modum quo alae crescunt. Endopterygota alas intra corpus gignunt et magnam metamorphosin per stationem pupalem subeunt; exopterygota autem alas extra corpus gignunt, et stationem pupalem non subeunt, quae proprietas plesiomorphica appellatur. Etiam in odonatis (anisopteris et zygopteris) aliisque gregibus invenitur, qui non Neoptera, sed basalior inter insecta sunt.

Nexus interni

  1. Rolf G. Beutel; Hans Pohl (2006). "Endopterygote systematics – where do we stand and what is the goal (Hexapoda, Arthropoda)?". Systematic Entomology 31 (2): 202–19 .
  2. A. Nel; P. Roques; P. Nel; J. Prokop; J. S. Steyer (2007). "The earliest holometabolous insect from the Carboniferous: a "crucial" innovation with delayed success (Insecta Protomeropina Protomeropidae)". Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 43 (3): 349–55 .
  3. Yue, Bi-Song; Song, Nan; Lin, Aili; Zhao, Xincheng (2018). "Insight into higher-level phylogeny of Neuropterida: Evidence from secondary structures of mitochondrial rRNA genes and mitogenomic data". PLOS ONE 13 (1): e0191826 .
  4. Yan, Y.; Wang Y, Liu, X.; Winterton, S. L.; Yang, D. (2014). "The First Mitochondrial Genomes of Antlion (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) and Split-footed Lacewing (Neuroptera: Nymphidae), with Phylogenetic Implications of Myrmeleontiformia". Int J Biol Sci 10 (8): 895–908 .

Nexus externi

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  Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Endopterygota spectant (Endopterygota, Holometabola).
  Situs scientifici:  • ITIS • NCBI • Encyclopedia of Life • Fossilworks